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Manyepedza T, Courtney JM, Snowden A, Jones CR, Rees NV. Impact Electrochemistry of MoS 2: Electrocatalysis and Hydrogen Generation at Low Overpotentials. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:17942-17951. [PMID: 36330166 PMCID: PMC9619928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c06055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
MoS2 materials have been extensively studied as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts. In this study nanoparticulate MoS2 is explored as a HER catalyst through impact voltammetry. The onset potential was found to be -0.10 V (vs RHE) at pH 2, which was confirmed to be due to HER by scale-up of the impact experiment to generate and collect a sufficient volume of the gas to enable its identification as hydrogen via gas chromatography. This is in contrast to electrodeposited MoS2, which was found to be stable in pH 2 sulfuric acid solution with an onset potential of -0.29 V (vs RHE), in good agreement with literature. XPS was used to categorize the materials and confirm the chemical composition of both nanoparticles and electrodeposits, with XRD used to analyze the crystal structure of the nanoparticles. The early onset of HER was postulated from kinetic analysis to be due to the presence of nanoplatelets of about 1-3 trilayers participating in the impact reactions, and AFM imaging confirmed the presence of these platelets.
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Oladeji AV, Courtney JM, Fernandez-Villamarin M, Rees NV. Electrochemical Metal Recycling: Recovery of Palladium from Solution and In Situ Fabrication of Palladium-Carbon Catalysts via Impact Electrochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18562-18574. [PMID: 36179328 PMCID: PMC9562286 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Recycling of critical materials, regeneration of waste,
and responsible
catalyst manufacture have been repeatedly documented as essential
for a sustainable future with respect to the environment and energy
production. Electrochemical methods have become increasingly recognized
as capable of achieving these goals, and “impact” electrochemistry,
with the advantages associated with dynamic nanoelectrodes, has recently
emerged as a prime candidate for the recovery of metals from solution.
In this report, the nanoimpact technique is used to generate carbon-supported
palladium catalysts from low-concentration palladium(II) chloride
solutions (i.e., a waste stream mimic) as a proof of concept. Subsequently,
the catalytic properties of this material in both synthesis (Suzuki
coupling reaction) and electrocatalysis (hydrogen evolution) are demonstrated.
Transient reductive impact signals are shown and analyzed at potentials
negative of +0.4 V (vs SCE) corresponding to the onset of palladium
deposition in traditional voltammetry. Direct evidence of Pd modification
was obtained through characterization by environmental scanning electron
microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled
plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission
electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis of impacted particles.
This showed the formation of deposits of Pd0 partially covering the
50 nm carbon black particles with approximately 14% Pd (wt %) under
the conditions used. This material was then used to demonstrate the
conversion of iodobenzene into its biphenyl product (confirmed through
nuclear magnetic resonance) and the successful production of hydrogen
as an electrocatalyst under acidic conditions (under cyclic voltammetry).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola V Oladeji
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U. K
| | - James M Courtney
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U. K
| | | | - Neil V Rees
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U. K
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3
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Oladeji AV, Courtney JM, Rees NV. Copper deposition on metallic and non‐metallic single particles via impact electrochemistry. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.139838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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4
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Abstract
The synthesis of nanomaterials, with characteristic dimensions of 1 to 100 nm, is a key component of nanotechnology. Vapor-phase synthesis of nanomaterials has numerous advantages such as high product purity, high-throughput continuous operation, and scalability that have made it the dominant approach for the commercial synthesis of nanomaterials. At the same time, this class of methods has great potential for expanded use in research and development. Here, we present a broad review of progress in vapor-phase nanomaterial synthesis. We describe physically-based vapor-phase synthesis methods including inert gas condensation, spark discharge generation, and pulsed laser ablation; plasma processing methods including thermal- and non-thermal plasma processing; and chemically-based vapor-phase synthesis methods including chemical vapor condensation, flame-based aerosol synthesis, spray pyrolysis, and laser pyrolysis. In addition, we summarize the nanomaterials produced by each method, along with representative applications, and describe the synthesis of the most important materials produced by each method in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Malekzadeh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Mark T Swihart
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA. and RENEW Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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5
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Fast electrodeposition of zinc onto single zinc nanoparticles. J Solid State Electrochem 2020; 24:2695-2702. [PMID: 33088212 PMCID: PMC7561586 DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The zinc deposition reaction onto metallic zinc has been investigated at the single particle level through the electrode-particle collision method in neutral solutions, and in respect of its dependence on the applied potential and the ionic strength of a sulphate-containing solution. Depending on the concentration of sulphate ions in solution, different amounts of metallic zinc were deposited on the single Zn nanoparticles. Specifically, insights into the electron transfer kinetics at the single particles were obtained, indicating an electrically early reactant-like transition state, which is consistent with the rate-determining partial de-hydration/de-complexation process. Such information on the reaction kinetics at the nanoscale is of vital importance for the development of more efficient and long-lasting nanostructured Zn-based negative electrodes for Zn-ion battery applications.
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Martín-Yerga D. Electrochemical Detection and Characterization of Nanoparticles with Printed Devices. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E47. [PMID: 30925772 PMCID: PMC6627282 DOI: 10.3390/bios9020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Innovative methods to achieve the user-friendly, quick, and highly sensitive detection of nanomaterials are urgently needed. Nanomaterials have increased importance in commercial products, and there are concerns about the potential risk that they entail for the environment. In addition, detection of nanomaterials can be a highly valuable tool in many applications, such as biosensing. Electrochemical methods using disposable, low-cost, printed electrodes provide excellent analytical performance for the detection of a wide set of nanomaterials. In this review, the foundations and latest advances of several electrochemical strategies for the detection of nanoparticles using cost-effective printed devices are introduced. These strategies will equip the experimentalist with an extensive toolbox for the detection of nanoparticles of different chemical nature and possible applications ranging from quality control to environmental analysis and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martín-Yerga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100-44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Neves MMPDS, Martín-Yerga D. Advanced Nanoscale Approaches to Single-(Bio)entity Sensing and Imaging. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E100. [PMID: 30373209 PMCID: PMC6316691 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Individual (bio)chemical entities could show a very heterogeneous behaviour under the same conditions that could be relevant in many biological processes of significance in the life sciences. Conventional detection approaches are only able to detect the average response of an ensemble of entities and assume that all entities are identical. From this perspective, important information about the heterogeneities or rare (stochastic) events happening in individual entities would remain unseen. Some nanoscale tools present interesting physicochemical properties that enable the possibility to detect systems at the single-entity level, acquiring richer information than conventional methods. In this review, we introduce the foundations and the latest advances of several nanoscale approaches to sensing and imaging individual (bio)entities using nanoprobes, nanopores, nanoimpacts, nanoplasmonics and nanomachines. Several (bio)entities such as cells, proteins, nucleic acids, vesicles and viruses are specifically considered. These nanoscale approaches provide a wide and complete toolbox for the study of many biological systems at the single-entity level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Martín-Yerga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100-44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Jiao X, Tanner EEL, Sokolov SV, Palgrave RG, Young NP, Compton RG. Understanding nanoparticle porosity via nanoimpacts and XPS: electro-oxidation of platinum nanoparticle aggregates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:13547-13552. [PMID: 28504288 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01737e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The porosity of platinum nanoparticle aggregates (PtNPs) is investigated electrochemically via particle-electrode impacts and by XPS. The mean charge per oxidative transient is measured from nanoimpacts; XPS shows the formation of PtO and PtO2 in relative amounts defined by the electrode potential and an average oxidation state is deduced as a function of potential. The number of platinum atoms oxidised per PtNP is calculated and compared with two models: solid and porous spheres, within which there are two cases: full and surface oxidation. This allows insight into extent to which the internal surface of the aggregate is 'seen' by the solution and is electrochemically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
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9
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Krause KJ, Brings F, Schnitker J, Kätelhön E, Rinklin P, Mayer D, Compton RG, Lemay SG, Offenhäusser A, Wolfrum B. The Influence of Supporting Ions on the Electrochemical Detection of Individual Silver Nanoparticles: Understanding the Shape and Frequency of Current Transients in Nano-impacts. Chemistry 2017; 23:4638-4643. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kay J. Krause
- Institute of Bioelectronics (PGI-8/ICS-8) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology; Forschungszentrum Jülich; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Fabian Brings
- Institute of Bioelectronics (PGI-8/ICS-8) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology; Forschungszentrum Jülich; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Jan Schnitker
- Institute of Bioelectronics (PGI-8/ICS-8) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology; Forschungszentrum Jülich; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Enno Kätelhön
- Department of Chemistry; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory; Oxford University, South Parks Road; Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Philipp Rinklin
- Neuroelectronics, MSB, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Technical University of Munich (TUM); Boltzmannstr. 11 85748 Garching Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Munich; Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Bioelectronics (PGI-8/ICS-8) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology; Forschungszentrum Jülich; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory; Oxford University, South Parks Road; Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Serge G. Lemay
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology; University of Twente, PO Box 217; 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Bioelectronics (PGI-8/ICS-8) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology; Forschungszentrum Jülich; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Institute of Bioelectronics (PGI-8/ICS-8) and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology; Forschungszentrum Jülich; 52425 Jülich Germany
- Neuroelectronics, MSB, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Technical University of Munich (TUM); Boltzmannstr. 11 85748 Garching Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Munich; Germany
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10
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Ustarroz J, Kang M, Bullions E, Unwin PR. Impact and oxidation of single silver nanoparticles at electrode surfaces: one shot versus multiple events. Chem Sci 2017; 8:1841-1853. [PMID: 28553474 PMCID: PMC5424807 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04483b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nanoparticle (NP) electrochemical impacts is a rapidly expanding field of fundamental electrochemistry, with applications from electrocatalysis to electroanalysis. These studies, which involve monitoring the electrochemical (usually current-time, I-t) response when a NP from solution impacts with a collector electrode, have the scope to provide considerable information on the properties of individual NPs. Taking the widely studied oxidative dissolution of individual silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as an important example, we present measurements with unprecedented noise (< 5 pA) and time resolution (time constant 100 μs) that are highly revealing of Ag NP dissolution dynamics. Whereas Ag NPs of diameter, d = 10 nm are mostly dissolved in a single event (on the timescale of the measurements), a wide variety of complex processes operate for NPs of larger diameter (d ≥ 20 nm). Detailed quantitative analysis of the I-t features, consumed charge, event duration and impact frequency leads to a major conclusion: Ag NPs undergo sequential partial stripping (oxidative dissolution) events, where a fraction of a NP is electrochemically oxidized, followed by the NP drifting away and back to the tunnelling region before the next partial stripping event. As a consequence, analysis of the charge consumed by single events (so-called "impact coulometry") cannot be used as a general method to determine the size of colloidal NPs. However, a proper analysis of the I-t responses provides highly valuable information on the transient physicochemical interactions between NPs and polarized surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Ustarroz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK .
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering (SURF) , Pleinlaan 2 , 1050 Brussels , Belgium .
| | - Minkyung Kang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Erin Bullions
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK .
| | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Warwick , Coventry , CV4 7AL , UK .
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11
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Jiao X, Sokolov SV, Tanner EEL, Young NP, Compton RG. Exploring nanoparticle porosity using nano-impacts: platinum nanoparticle aggregates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:64-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07910e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nano-impacts of porous nanoparticles reveal the extent to which the internal surfaces can contribute to electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiao
- Department of Chemistry
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3QZ
- UK
| | - Stanislav V. Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3QZ
- UK
| | - Eden E. L. Tanner
- Department of Chemistry
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3QZ
- UK
| | - Neil P. Young
- Department of Materials
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3PH
- UK
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3QZ
- UK
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12
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Oja SM, Robinson DA, Vitti NJ, Edwards MA, Liu Y, White HS, Zhang B. Observation of Multipeak Collision Behavior during the Electro-Oxidation of Single Ag Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 139:708-718. [PMID: 27936665 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic collision behavior of the electro-oxidation of single Ag nanoparticles is observed at Au microelectrodes using stochastic single-nanoparticle collision amperometry. Results show that an Ag nanoparticle collision/oxidation event typically consists of a series of 1 to ∼10 discrete "sub-events" over an ∼20 ms interval. Results also show that the Ag nanoparticles typically undergo only partial oxidation prior to diffusing away from the Au electrode into the bulk solution. Both behaviors are characterized and shown to exist under a variety of experimental conditions. These previously unreported behaviors suggest that nanoparticle collision and electro-dissolution is a highly dynamic process driven by fast particle-electrode interactions and nanoparticle diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Oja
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Donald A Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Nicholas J Vitti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Martin A Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yuwen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Henry S White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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13
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Duan S, Yue R, Huang Y. Polyethylenimine-carbon nanotubes composite as an electrochemical sensing platform for silver nanoparticles. Talanta 2016; 160:607-613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Wu H, Lin Q, Batchelor-McAuley C, Compton RG. Nanoimpacts Reveal the Electron-Transfer Kinetics of the Ferrocene/Ferrocenium Couple Immobilised on Graphene Nanoplatelets. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory; University Of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ United Kingdom
| | - Qianqi Lin
- Department of Chemistry; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory; University Of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Department of Chemistry; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory; University Of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ United Kingdom
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry; Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory; University Of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ United Kingdom
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15
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Sepunaru L, Plowman BJ, Sokolov SV, Young NP, Compton RG. Rapid electrochemical detection of single influenza viruses tagged with silver nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3892-3899. [PMID: 30155033 PMCID: PMC6013776 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00412a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a state of the art nano-electrochemical technique, we show that a single virus 'tagged' with silver nanoparticles can be rapidly detected in real time at the single virus level. A solution containing a low concentration of influenza virus is exposed to silver nanoparticles which are adsorbed onto the virus surface, as revealed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. With sufficient potential applied to a carbon electrode introduced into the solution, current spikes are observed which correspond to the oxidation of the nanoparticles decorating the virus. The frequency of the current spikes and their magnitude are linearly proportional to the virus concentration and to the surface coverage of the nanoparticles, respectively. Differences observed from single bacterium detection are discussed and a comparison with existing detection methods is made, with emphasis on the favourability of the proposed technique towards the realization of point of care test devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Sepunaru
- Department of Chemistry , Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory , Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3QZ , UK .
| | - Blake J Plowman
- Department of Chemistry , Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory , Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3QZ , UK .
| | - Stanislav V Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry , Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory , Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3QZ , UK .
| | - Neil P Young
- Department of Materials , Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3PH , UK
| | - Richard G Compton
- Department of Chemistry , Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory , Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3QZ , UK .
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16
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Feng A, Cheng W, Holter J, Young N, Compton RG. Controlled Variable Oxidative Doping of Individual Organometallic Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2016; 22:6981-6. [PMID: 27038252 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The charging and controlled oxidative doping of single organometallic ferrocene nanoparticles is reported in aqueous sodium tetrafluoroborate using the nano-impacts method. It is shown that ferrocene nanoparticles of approximately 105 nm diameter are essentially quantitatively oxidatively doped with the uptake of one tetrafluoroborate anion per ferrocene molecule at suitably high overpotentials. By using lower potentials, it is possible to achieve low doping levels of single nanoparticles in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Jennifer Holter
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Neil Young
- Department of Materials, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Richard G Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
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17
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Kätelhön E, Tanner EE, Batchelor-McAuley C, Compton RG. Destructive nano-impacts: What information can be extracted from spike shapes? Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Thearle RA, Sofer Z, Bouša D, Pumera M. Impact Electrochemistry: Detection of Graphene Nanosheets Labeled with Metal Nanoparticles through Oxygen Reduction Mediation. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:2096-9. [PMID: 27088265 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared Pt/Fe- and Fe-nanoparticle-labeled graphene sheets and demonstrate that these sheets can be detected by using impact electrochemistry through oxygen reduction mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozi Alice Thearle
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Bouša
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
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Nasir MZM, Pumera M. Impact electrochemistry on screen-printed electrodes for the detection of monodispersed silver nanoparticles of sizes 10–107 nm. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:28183-28188. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05463c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We discuss the use of screen-printed electrodes for the impact electrochemistry detection of well-defined monodispersed silver nanoparticles of sizes 10, 20, 40, 80, and 107 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zafir Mohamad Nasir
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637371
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Oja
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Yunshan Fan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Chadd M. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Peter Defnet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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21
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Lim CS, Pumera M. Impact electrochemistry: colloidal metal sulfide detection by cathodic particle coulometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:26997-7000. [PMID: 26412108 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05004a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The determination of the size and concentration of colloidal nano and microparticles is of paramount importance to modern nanoscience. Application of the particle collision technique on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles has been intensively explored over the past decade owing to its ability to determine the particle size and concentration via reactions including the inherent oxidation or the reduction of nanoparticles as well as surface reactions catalysed by the nanoparticles. Transition metal dichalcogenide particles were previously quantified using the anodic (oxidative) particle coulometry method. Here we show that cathodic (reductive) particle coulometry can be favorably used for the detection of metal sulfide colloidal particles. The detection of sulfides of cobalt and lead was performed using the particle collision technique in this work. The presence of spikes confirmed the viability of detecting new and larger particles from compounds using reductive (cathodic) potentials. Such an expansion of the impact particle coulometry method will be useful and applicable to the determination of concentration and size of colloidal metal sulfide nanoparticles in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Shan Lim
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
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Lim CS, Tan SM, Sofer Z, Pumera M. Impact Electrochemistry of Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. ACS NANO 2015; 9:8474-83. [PMID: 26241193 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit paramount importance in the electrocatalysis of the hydrogen evolution reaction. It is crucial to determine the size of the electrocatalytic particles as well as to establish their electrocatalytic activity, which occurs at the edges of these particles. Here, we show that individual TMD (MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, or WSe2; in general MX2) nanoparticles impacting an electrode surface provide well-defined current "spikes" in both the cathodic and anodic regions. These spikes originate from direct oxidation of the nanoparticles (from M(4+) to M(6+)) at the anodic region and from the electrocatalytic currents generated upon hydrogen evolution in the cathodic region. The positive correlation between the frequency of the impacts and the concentration of TMD nanoparticles is also demonstrated here, enabling determination of the concentration of TMD nanoparticles in colloidal form. In addition, the size of individual TMD nanoparticles can be evaluated using the charge passed during every spike. The capability of detecting both the "indirect" catalytic effect of an impacting TMD nanoparticle as well as "direct" oxidation indicates that the frequency of impacts in both the "indirect" and "direct" scenarios are comparable. This suggests that all TMD nanoparticles, which are electrochemically oxidizable (thus capable of donating electrons to electrodes), are also capable of catalyzing the hydrogen reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Shan Lim
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
| | - Shu Min Tan
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
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Yoo JJ, Kim J, Crooks RM. Direct electrochemical detection of individual collisions between magnetic microbead/silver nanoparticle conjugates and a magnetized ultramicroelectrode. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6665-6671. [PMID: 28757965 PMCID: PMC5506620 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02259b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report on the electrochemical detection of individual collisions between a conjugate consisting of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) linked to conductive magnetic microbeads (cMμBs) via DNA hybridization and a magnetized electrode. The important result is that the presence of the magnetic field increases the flux of the conjugate to the electrode surface, and this in turn increases the collision frequency and improves the limit of detection (20 aM). In addition, the magnitude of the charge associated with the collisions is greatly enhanced in the presence of the magnetic field. The integration of DNA into the detection protocol potentially provides a means for using electrochemical collisions for applications in biological and chemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Yoo
- Department of Chemistry , The Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300 , Austin , TX 78712-1224 , USA . ; Tel: +1 512-475-8674
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Research Institute for Basic Sciences , Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701 , South Korea
| | - Richard M Crooks
- Department of Chemistry , The Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology , The University of Texas at Austin , 105 E. 24th St. Stop A5300 , Austin , TX 78712-1224 , USA . ; Tel: +1 512-475-8674
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