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Qiao X, Vezzoli A, Smith S, Higgins SJ, Davidson RJ, Beeby A, Nichols RJ. Single-Molecule Junction Formation in Deep Eutectic Solvents with Highly Effective Gate Coupling. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:12802-12810. [PMID: 37435408 PMCID: PMC10331827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The environment surrounding a molecular junction affects its charge-transport properties and, therefore, must be chosen with care. In the case of measurements in liquid media, the solvent must provide good solvation, grant junction stability, and, in the case of electrolyte gating experiments, allow efficient electrical coupling to the gate electrodes through control of the electrical double layer. We evaluated in this study the deep eutectic solvent mixture (DES) ethaline, which is a mixture of choline chloride and ethylene glycol (1:2), for single-molecule junction fabrication with break-junction techniques. In ethaline, we were able to (i) measure challenging and poorly soluble molecular wires, exploiting the improved solvation capabilities offered by DESs, and (ii) efficiently apply an electrostatic gate able to modulate the conductance of the junction by approximately an order of magnitude within a ∼1 V potential window. The electrochemical gating results on a Au-VDP-Au junction follow exceptionally well the single-level modeling with strong gate coupling (where VDP is 1,2-di(pyridine-4-yl)ethene). Ethaline is also an ideal solvent for the measurement of very short molecular junctions, as it grants a greatly reduced snapback distance of the metallic electrodes upon point-contact rupture. Our work demonstrates that DESs are viable alternatives to often relatively expensive ionic liquids, offering good versatility for single-molecule electrical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Qiao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Andrea Vezzoli
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Shaun Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Simon J. Higgins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
| | - Ross J. Davidson
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Andrew Beeby
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K.
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2
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Tan Z, Li K, Gu Y, Nan Z, Wang W, Sun L, Mao B, Yan J. Unconventional Electrochemical Behaviors of Cu Underpotential Deposition in a Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent: High Underpotential Shift and Low Coverage. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6458-6466. [PMID: 37027511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The (5 × 5) Moiré pattern resulting from coadsorption of Cu atoms and chloride ions on the Au(111) electrode is one of the most classical structures for underpotential deposition (UPD) in electrochemical surface science. Although two models have been proposed to describe the pattern, the details of the structure remain ambiguous and controversial, leading to a question that remains to be answered. In this work, we investigate the UPD behaviors of Cu on the Au(111) electrode in a chloride-based deep eutectic solvent ethaline by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Benefiting from the properties of the ultraconcentrated electrolyte, we directly image not only Cu but also Cl adlayers by finely tuning tunneling conditions. The structure is unambiguously determined for both Cu and Cl adlayers, where an incommensurate Cu layer is adsorbed on the Au(111) surface with a Cu coverage of 0.64, while the Cl coverage is 0.32 (only half of the expected value); i.e., the atomic arrangement of the observed (5 × 5) Moiré pattern in ethaline matches neither of the models proposed in the literature. Meanwhile, STM results confirm the origin of the cathodic peak in the cyclic voltammogram, which indicates that the underpotential shift of Cu UPD in ethaline indeed increases by ca. 0.40 V compared to its counterpart in a sulfuric acid solution, resulting in a significant deviation from the linear relation between the underpotential shift and the difference in work functions proposed in the literature. The unconventional electrochemical behaviors of Cu UPD reveal the specialty of both the bulk and the interface in the chloride-based deep eutectic solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kaixuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ziang Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bingwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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3
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Wu JD, Ding Y, Zhu F, Gu Y, Wang WW, Sun L, Mao BW, Yan JW. The Role of Water Content of Deep Eutectic Solvent Ethaline in the Anodic Process of Gold Electrode. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052300. [PMID: 36903545 PMCID: PMC10005209 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional coupling of ligands for gold wet etching makes large-scale applications problematic. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of environment-friendly solvents, which could possibly overcome the shortcomings. In this work, the effect of water content on the Au anodic process in DES ethaline was investigated by combining linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Meanwhile, we employed atomic force microscopy (AFM) to image the evolution of the surface morphology of the Au electrode during its dissolution and passivation process. The obtained AFM data help to explain the observations about the effect of water content on the Au anodic process from the microscopic perspective. High water contents make the occurrence of anodic dissolution of gold at higher potential, but enhances the rate of the electron transfer and gold dissolution. AFM results reveal the occurrence of massive exfoliation, which confirms that the gold dissolution reaction is more violent in ethaline with higher water contents. In addition, AFM results illustrate that the passive film and its average roughness could be tailored by changing the water content of ethaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Du Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bing-Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Correspondence: (B.-W.M.); (J.-W.Y.)
| | - Jia-Wei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Correspondence: (B.-W.M.); (J.-W.Y.)
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4
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Zaytsev OI, Ehrenburg MR, Molodkina EB, Broekmann P, Rudnev AV. Over- and underpotential deposition of copper from a deep eutectic solvent: Pt(1 1 1) single crystal versus polycrystalline Pt substrates. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Geng T, Schick BW, Uhl M, Kuehne AJC, Kibler LA, Ceblin MU, Jacob T. Influence of Chloride and Nitrate Anions on Copper Electrodeposition onto Au(111) from Deep Eutectic Solvents. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Geng
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institut für Elektrochemie GERMANY
| | | | - Matthias Uhl
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Electrochemistry GERMANY
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institut für Elektrochemie GERMANY
| | - Maximilian Urs Ceblin
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institut für Elektrochemie Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm GERMANY
| | - Timo Jacob
- Ulm University: Universitat Ulm Institut für Elektrochemie GERMANY
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Liu S, Tan Z, Wu J, Mao B, Yan J. Electrochemical interfaces in ionic liquids/deep eutectic solvents incorporated with water: A review. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian P. R. China
| | - Jiedu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian P. R. China
| | - Bingwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian P. R. China
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7
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Geng T, Zeller SJ, Kibler LA, Ceblin MU, Jacob T. Electrodeposition of Cu onto Au(111) from Deep Eutectic Solvents: Molar Ratio of Salt and Hydrogen Bond Donor. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Geng
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Sven J. Zeller
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ludwig A. Kibler
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maximilian U. Ceblin
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (HIU) for Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
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8
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Tan Z, Liu S, Wu J, Nan Z, Yang F, Zhan D, Yan J, Mao B. Copper Deposition on Au(111) in a Deep Eutectic Solvent: An In Situ STM Study**. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jiedu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ziang Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Fangzu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Dongping Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Bingwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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9
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Wu J, Liu S, Tan Z, Guo Y, Zhou J, Mao B, Yan J. Effect of hydrogen bond donor molecules ethylene glycerol and lactic acid on electrochemical interfaces in choline chloride based-deep eutectic solvents. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:244702. [PMID: 34972352 DOI: 10.1063/5.0073792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline chloride (ChCl)-based-deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are widely used in electrochemical fields. In this work, the effect of two types of hydrogen bond donor (HBD) molecules, ethylene glycerol and lactic acid (LA), on electrochemical interfaces between the Au electrode and DESs has been investigated by employing voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The anodic dissolution and passivation behaviors of the Au electrode are revealed in both ethaline and ChCl:LA. In ChCl:LA, the anodic dissolution of Au is slowed down, and the passivation film is relatively dense and stable due to the existence of the carboxyl group in HBD molecule LA. In the double layer region, the lifting and formation of Au(111) surface reconstruction and a disorder-order phase transition of the chloride ion adlayer were observed in the two DESs. Moreover, compared with ethaline, an extra pair of current peaks appears in ChCl-LA possibly due to the adsorption and desorption of LA on the Au(111) surface, which might imply the stronger interaction of LA with the Au electrode in ChCl:LA. HBD LA could even have marked an impact on the disorder-order phase transition of the chloride ion adlayer. The above results provide new insight into the significant effect of HBD molecules on the anodic dissolution and the passivation of the Au electrode and the electrochemical behaviors in the double layer region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiedu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
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10
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Surface characterization of copper electrocatalysts by lead underpotential deposition. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Wu J, Zhou R, Radjenovic PM, Liu S, Wu D, Li J, Mao B, Yan J. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy studies on electrochemical interface between Au(111) electrode and ethaline deep eutectic solvent. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Mostafa E, Martens S, Asen L, Zečević J, Schneider O, Argirusis C. The influence of the ultrasound characteristics on the electrodeposition of copper from chloride-based electrolytes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Tan Z, Peng Y, Liu J, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Mao B, Yan J. An In Situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study on the Electrochemical Interface between Au(111) and Ethaline Deep Eutectic Solvent. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China E-mail: mailto
| | - Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China E-mail: mailto
| | - Jingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China E-mail: mailto
| | - Yun Yang
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research Institution College of Physical Science and Technology Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhisen Zhang
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research Institution College of Physical Science and Technology Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhaobin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China E-mail: mailto
| | - Bingwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China E-mail: mailto
| | - Jiawei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China E-mail: mailto
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Landa-Castro M, Sebastián P, Giannotti M, Serrà A, Gómez E. Electrodeposition of nanostructured cobalt films from a deep eutectic solvent: Influence of the substrate and deposition potential range. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Investigating the M(hkl)| ionic liquid interface by using laser induced temperature jump technique. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Probing the Surface of Noble Metals Electrochemically by Underpotential Deposition of Transition Metals. SURFACES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/surfaces2020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The advances in material science have led to the development of novel and various materials as nanoparticles or thin films. Underpotential deposition (upd) of transition metals appears to be a very sensitive method for probing the surfaces of noble metals, which is a parameter that has an important effect on the activity in heterogeneous catalysis. Underpotential deposition as a surface characterization tool permits researchers to precisely determine the crystallographic orientations of nanoparticles or the real surface area of various surfaces. Among all the work dealing with upd, this review focuses specifically on the main upd systems used to probe surfaces of noble metals in electrocatalysis, from poly‒ and single-crystalline surfaces to nanoparticles. Cuupd is reported as a tool to determine the active surface area of gold‒ and platinum‒based bimetallic electrode materials. Pbupd is the most used system to assess the crystallographic orientations on nanoparticles’ surface. In the case of platinum, Bi and Ge adsorptions are singled out for probing (1 1 1) and (1 0 0) facets, respectively.
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Doherty B, Acevedo O. OPLS Force Field for Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:9982-9993. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b06647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Doherty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Orlando Acevedo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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