1
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Strnad G, Jakab-Farkas L, Gobber FS, Peter I. Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured Oxide Layers on Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta and Ti-Nb-Zr-Fe Biomedical Alloys. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040180. [PMID: 37103270 PMCID: PMC10143151 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoporous/nanotubular complex oxide layers were developed on high-fraction β phase quaternary Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta and Ti-Nb-Zr-Fe promising biomedical alloys with a low elasticity modulus. Surface modification was achieved by electrochemical anodization aimed at the synthesis of the morphology of the nanostructures, which exhibited inner diameters of 15–100 nm. SEM, EDS, XRD, and current evolution analyses were performed for the characterization of the oxide layers. By optimizing the process parameters of electrochemical anodization, complex oxide layers with pore/tube openings of 18–92 nm on Ti-10Nb-10Zr-5Ta, 19–89 nm on Ti-20Nb-20Zr-4Ta, and 17–72 nm on Ti-29.3Nb-13.6Zr-1.9Fe alloys were synthesized using 1 M H3PO4 + 0.5 wt% HF aqueous electrolytes and 0.5 wt% NH4F + 2 wt% H20 + ethylene glycol organic electrolytes.
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2
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Zeng H, Li C, Dan Y, Lu Y, Sun W, Zhang S, Song Y. A comparative study of two-step anodization with one-step anodization at constant voltage. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:065603. [PMID: 34749349 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-step anodization has been widely used because it can produce highly self-organized anodic TiO2nanotubes, but the differences in morphology and current-time curve of one-step anodization and two-step anodization are rarely reported. Here, one-step anodization and two-step anodization were conducted at different voltages. By comparing the FESEM image of anodic TiO2nanotubes fabricated by one-step anodization and two-step anodization, it was found that the variation of morphology characteristics is same with voltage. The distinction of morphology and current-time curve between one-step anodization and two-step anodization at the same voltage were analyzed: the nanotube average growth rate and porosity of two-step anodization are greater than that of one-step anodization. In the current-time curve, the duration of stage I and stage II in two-step anodization are significantly shorter than one-step anodization. The traditional field-assisted dissolution theory cannot explain the three stages of the current-time curves and their physics meaning under different voltages in the same fluoride electrolyte. Here, the distinction between one-step anodization and two-step anodization was clarified successfully by the theories of ionic current and electronic current and oxygen bubble mould.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, NanJing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, NanJing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Dan
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, NanJing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, NanJing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Sun
- Jiangsu Urban and Rural Construction College, Changzhou 213147, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Urban and Rural Construction College, Changzhou 213147, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Song
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, NanJing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
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3
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Kouao DS, Grochowska K, Siuzdak K. The Anodization of Thin Titania Layers as a Facile Process towards Semitransparent and Ordered Electrode Material. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1131. [PMID: 35407248 PMCID: PMC9000737 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Photoanodes consisting of titania nanotubes (TNTs) grown on transparent conductive oxides (TCO) by anodic oxidation are being widely investigated as a low-cost alternative to silicon-based materials, e.g., in solar light-harvesting applications. Intending to enhance the optical properties of those photoanodes, the modification of the surface chemistry or control of the geometrical characteristics of developed TNTs has been explored. In this review, the recent advancement in light-harvesting properties of transparent anodic TNTs formed onto TCO is summarized. The physical deposition methods such as magnetron sputtering, pulsed laser deposition and electron beam evaporation are the most reported for the deposition of Ti film onto TCO, which are subsequently anodized. A concise description of methods utilized to improve the adhesion of the deposited film and achieve TNT layers without cracks and delamination after the anodization is outlined. Then, the different models describing the formation mechanism of anodic TNTs are discussed with particular focus on the impact of the deposited Ti film thickness on the adhesion of TNTs. Finally, the effects of the modifications of both the surface chemistry and morphological features of materials on their photocatalyst and photovoltaic performances are discussed. For each section, experimental results obtained by different research groups are evoked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dujearic-Stephane Kouao
- Centre for Plasma and Laser Engineering, The Szewalski Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Science, Fiszera 14 St., 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.G.); (K.S.)
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4
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Jiang L, Zhang J, Chen B, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Wan W, Song Y. Morphological comparison and growth mechanism of TiO2 nanotubes in HBF4 and NH4F electrolytes. Electrochem commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2022.107200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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5
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Li X, Zhang Y, Gao L, Ma J, Qiu Y, Xu X, Ou J, Ma W. The growth rate of nanotubes and the quantity of charge during anodization. Electrochem commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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6
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Yu H, Chen J, Zhang S, Yu Y, Wang S, Ye M. Effects of electrolyte composition on the growth and properties of titanium oxide nanotubes. Electrochem commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2022.107217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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7
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Li C, Ni Y, Gong J, Song Y, Gong T, Zhu X. A review: research progress on the formation mechanism of porous anodic oxides. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:322-333. [PMID: 36132683 PMCID: PMC9417932 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00624j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the great development potential of porous anodic oxides (PAO) in many fields, research on their formation mechanisms, fabrication processes and applications has a history of more than ten years. Although compared with research on the fabrication processes and applications of PAO, research on their formation mechanisms started late, several mainstream theories have been formed in the academic community, including the field-assisted dissolution (FAD) theory, the field-assisted ejection (FAE) theory, the self-organization theory, the ionic and electronic current theory and the oxygen bubble mould effect. This review will focus on summarizing the core views of the mainstream mechanisms mentioned above and comparing the explanations for some of their classical experimental phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Yilin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Jingjing Gong
- School of Design Art and Media, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Ye Song
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Tianle Gong
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xufei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
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8
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Li P, Wang H, Ni Y, Song Y, Sun M, Gong T, Li C, Zhu X. Unraveling the six stages of the current-time curve and the bilayer nanotubes obtained by one-step anodization of Zr. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:582-589. [PMID: 36132686 PMCID: PMC9419485 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00692d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The application and growth mechanism of anodic TiO2 nanotubes have been a hot topic in the last ten years, but the formation mechanism of anodic ZrO2 nanotubes has rarely been studied. In one-step constant voltage anodization of Al and Ti, the typical current-time curve has three stages. Moreover, the current-time curves of the three stages can last for 10 min or even 10 hours, resulting in a single layer of nanotubes with the same diameter due to the constant voltage in one-step anodization. However, in this paper, it was found for the first time that the three stages of the current-time curve appeared twice in succession during one-step constant voltage anodization of Zr for only 900 seconds, and bilayer nanotubes with increased diameter were obtained. This six-stage current-time curve cannot be explained by classical field-assisted dissolution and field-assisted flow or stress-driven mechanisms. Here, the formation mechanism and growth kinetics of bilayer ZrO2 nanotubes have been clarified rationally by the theories of ionic current, electronic current and oxygen bubble mold. The interesting results presented in this paper are of great significance for revealing the anodizing process of various metals and the formation mechanism of porous structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengze Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Heng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Yilin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Ye Song
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Ming Sun
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Tianle Gong
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Chengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xufei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
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9
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Li P, Wang J, Liu L, Ma J, Ni Y, Wang H, Song Y. The effect of atmospheric pressure on the growth rate of TiO2 nanotubes: Evidence against the field-assisted dissolution theory. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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10
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Gong T, Li C, Li X, Yue H, Zhu X, Zhao Z, Lv R, Zhu J. Evidence of oxygen bubbles forming nanotube embryos in porous anodic oxides. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4659-4668. [PMID: 36134301 PMCID: PMC9417053 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00389e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Anodic TiO2 nanotubes have been studied widely for two decades because of their regular tubular structures and extensive applications. However, the formation mechanism of anodic TiO2 nanotubes remains unclear, because it is difficult to find convincing evidence for popular field-assisted dissolution or field-assisted injection theories and the oxygen bubble model. Here, in a bid to find direct evidence that oxygen bubbles form nanotube embryos, a new method is applied to handle this challenge. Before nanotube formation, a dense cover layer was formed to make nanotubes grow more slowly. Many completely enclosed nanotube embryos formed by oxygen bubbles were found beneath the dense cover layer for the first time. The formation of these enclosed and hollow gourd-shaped embryos is convincing enough to prove that the nanotubes are formed by the oxygen bubble mold, similar to inflating a football, rather than by field-assisted dissolution. Based on the 'oxygen bubble model' and ionic current and electronic current theories, the formation and growth process of nanotube embryos is explained clearly for the first time. These interesting findings indicate that the 'oxygen bubble model' and ionic current and electronic current theories also apply to anodization of other metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Gong
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Chengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Hangyu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xufei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Ziyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Renquan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Junwu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
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11
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Debunking the formation mechanism of nanopores in four kinds of electrolytes without fluoride ion. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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12
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Zhang J, Yu Y, Fang P, Liu L, Yue H, Ou J, Han A. Anodization of aluminum in a sealed container. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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13
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Liu S, Tian J, Zhang W. Fabrication and application of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide: a review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:222001. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe25f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Due to the unique optical and electrochemical properties, large surface area, tunable properties, and high thermal stability, nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) has become one of the most popular materials with a large potential to develop emerging applications in numerous areas, including biosensors, desalination, high-risk pollutants detection, capacitors, solar cell devices, photonic crystals, template-assisted fabrication of nanostructures, and so on. This review covers the mechanism of AAO formation, manufacturing technology, the relationship between the properties of AAO and fabrication conditions, and applications of AAO. Properties of AAO, like pore diameter, interpore distance, wall thickness, and anodized aluminum layer thickness, can be fully controlled by fabrication conditions, including electrolyte, applied voltage, anodizing and widening time. Generally speaking, the pore diameter of AAO will affect its specific application to a large extent. Moreover, manufacturing technology like one/two/multi step anodization, nanoimprint lithography anodization, and pulse/cyclic anodization also have a major impact on overall array arrangement. The review aims to provide a perspective overview of the relationship between applications and their corresponding AAO pore sizes, systematically. And the review also focuses on the strategies by which the structures and functions of AAO can be utilized.
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14
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Lu N, Zhang J, Dan Y, Sun M, Gong T, Li X, Zhu X. Growth of porous anodic TiO2 in silver nitrate solution without fluoride: Evidence against the field-assisted dissolution reactions of fluoride ions. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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15
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Chen S, Ni Y, Zhang J, Dan Y, Zhang W, Song Y, Zhu X. Double-anode anodization of metal Ti in two beakers. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.106991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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16
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Domagalski JT, Xifre-Perez E, Marsal LF. Recent Advances in Nanoporous Anodic Alumina: Principles, Engineering, and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:430. [PMID: 33567787 PMCID: PMC7914664 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of aluminum anodization technology features many stages. With the story stretching for almost a century, rather straightforward-from current perspective-technology, raised into an iconic nanofabrication technique. The intrinsic properties of alumina porous structures constitute the vast utility in distinct fields. Nanoporous anodic alumina can be a starting point for: Templates, photonic structures, membranes, drug delivery platforms or nanoparticles, and more. Current state of the art would not be possible without decades of consecutive findings, during which, step by step, the technique was more understood. This review aims at providing an update regarding recent discoveries-improvements in the fabrication technology, a deeper understanding of the process, and a practical application of the material-providing a narrative supported with a proper background.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lluis F. Marsal
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (J.T.D.); (E.X.-P.)
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17
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Emran KM, Alanazi HE. Double layer lanthanide –Pt/TiO 2 nanotube arrays electrode as a cost-highly efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution in acid media. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL NANOSCIENCE 2021; 16:81-100. [DOI: 10.1080/17458080.2021.1902507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah M. Emran
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah, KSA
| | - Hessah E. Alanazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Art, Al Jouf University, Qurayyat, KSA
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18
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19
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Zhou Q, Niu D, Feng X, Wang A, Ying Z, Zhang J, Lu N, Zhu J, Zhu X. Debunking the effect of water content on anodizing current: Evidence against the traditional dissolution theory. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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20
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Qin W, Yuan Z, Gao H, Meng F. Ethanol Sensors Based on Porous In 2O 3 Nanosheet-Assembled Micro-Flowers. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20123353. [PMID: 32545697 PMCID: PMC7349890 DOI: 10.3390/s20123353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
By controlling the hydrothermal time, porous In2O3 nanosheet-assembled micro-flowers were successfully synthesized by a one-step method. The crystal structure, microstructure, and internal structure of the prepared samples were represented by an x-ray structure diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The characterization results showed that when the hydrothermal time was 8 h, the In2O3 nano materials presented a flower-like structure assembled by In2O3 porous nanosheets. After successfully preparing the In2O3 gas sensor, the gas sensing was fully studied. The results show that the In2O3 gas sensor had an excellent gas sensing response to ethanol, and the material prepared under 8 h hydrothermal conditions had the best gas sensing property. At the optimum working temperature of 270 °C, the highest response value could reach 66, with a response time of 12.4 s and recovery time of 10.4 s, respectively. In addition, the prepared In2O3 gas sensor had a wide detection range for ethanol concentration, and still had obvious response for 500 ppb ethanol. Furthermore, the gas sensing mechanism of In2O3 micro-flowers was also studied in detail.
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21
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TiO2 nanotube arrays with a volume expansion factor greater than 2.0: Evidence against the field-assisted ejection theory. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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22
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Zhou Q, Tian M, Ying Z, Dan Y, Tang F, Zhang J, Zhu J, Zhu X. Dense films formed during Ti anodization in NH4F electrolyte: Evidence against the field-assisted dissolution reactions of fluoride ions. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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23
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Highly ordered combined structure of anodic TiO2 nanotubes and TiO2 nanoparticles prepared by a novel route for dye-sensitized solar cells. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Effects of organic solvents in anodization electrolytes on the morphology and tube-to-tube spacing of TiO2 nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.136776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Xu H, Huang W, Chen Y, Liu Z, Shen X, Zhang J, Zhu X. Fabrication of TiO2 nanowire array on Ti-4Al-0.005B alloy applied to supercapacitor electrodes. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.136656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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26
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Huang W, Xu H, Ying Z, Dan Y, Zhou Q, Zhang J, Zhu X. Split TiO2 nanotubes − Evidence of oxygen evolution during Ti anodization. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.106532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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27
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Fan H, Zhang S, Zhu X. Nitrided TiO2 nanoparticles/nanotube arrays for better electrochemical properties. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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What happens if anodic TiO2 nanotubes are soaked in H3PO4 at room temperature for a long time? Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.106501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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29
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Sun X, Mo X, Liu L, Sun H, Pan C. Voltage-Driven Room-Temperature Resistance and Magnetization Switching in Ceramic TiO 2/PAA Nanoporous Composite Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21661-21667. [PMID: 31136140 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Voltage control of room-temperature ferromagnetism has remained a big challenge which will greatly influence the multifunctional memory devices. In this paper, porous TiO2 thin films were deposited by dc-reactive magnetron sputtering onto ordered porous anodic alumina (PAA) substrates. Voltage-driving room-temperature resistance and magnetization switching without external magnetic field are simultaneously found in an Ag/TiO2/PAA/Al (Ag/TP/Al) device. Further analysis indicates that the formation/rupture of oxygen vacancy defect-based conductive filaments would be responsible for the changes of resistivity and magnetization. Our present results suggest that the TP nanoporous composite film material may therefore be used to achieve voltage control of magnetism and resistance switching in the future multifunctional memory devices. The Ag/TP/Al devices can also be used for new spintronic devices, neuromorphic operations, and alternative logic circuits and computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidi Sun
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, College of Physical Science and Technology , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , Guangxi , PR China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , PR China
| | - Xiaoming Mo
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, College of Physical Science and Technology , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , Guangxi , PR China
| | - Lihu Liu
- College of Physics Science & Information Engineering and Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory , Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050024 , China
| | - Huiyuan Sun
- College of Physics Science & Information Engineering and Hebei Advanced Thin Film Laboratory , Hebei Normal University , Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050024 , China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , PR China
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30
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Zhang K, Cao S, Li C, Qi J, Jiang L, Zhang J, Zhu X. Rapid growth of TiO2 nanotubes under the compact oxide layer: Evidence against the digging manner of dissolution reaction. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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31
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Rapid growth of titanium oxide nanotubes under the critical breakdown voltage: Evidence against the dissolution reaction of fluoride ions. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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32
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Li C, Wu L, Zhao S, Jiang L, Yang Y, Zhang K, Zhu X. Essential influence of electrode and electrolyte temperatures on the anodizing process of Ti. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Wu L, Zhang K, Zhu X, Cao S, Niu D, Feng X. Enhanced Capacitance of TiO 2 Nanotubes with a Double-Layer Structure Fabricated in NH 4F/H 3PO 4 Mixed Electrolyte. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5125-5129. [PMID: 30913389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 is an attractive electrode material in fast charging/discharging supercapacitors because of its high specific surface area. However, the low capacitance of TiO2 nanotubes as-anodized in the classical electrolyte restricts their further application in supercapacitors. Here, we study the performances of larger-diameter nanotubes with a double-layer structure fabricated in an NH4F/phosphoric acid (H3PO4) mixed electrolyte. Results show that the double-layer structure increased the specific surface area of nanotubes owing to the cavities between the double layers and the porous structure on walls. After soaking in H3PO4 aqueous solution for 40 min, the nanotubes anodized in the mixed electrolyte containing 6 wt % H3PO4 show a specific capacitance of 13.89 mF cm-2, ∼3.11 times that of the pristine nanotubes in the classical electrolyte. The specific surface area of the soaked nanotubes is up to 113.2 m2 g-1, which is ∼2.94 times that of the pristine nanotubes. The values of specific surface area of the anodized nanotubes and the soaked nanotubes fabricated in the mixed electrolyte containing 6 wt % H3PO4 are roughly equal. It demonstrated that the specific surface area increased mainly due to the double-layer structure. The double-layer structure reveals a new strategy to enhance the specific capacitance of TiO2 nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology , Nanjing 210039 , China
| | - Xufei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Shikai Cao
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Dongmei Niu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Xiaojie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
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34
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Bamboo shoot nanotubes with diameters increasing from top to bottom: Evidence against the field-assisted dissolution equilibrium theory. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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35
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Wu L, Xu D, Liu Z, Zhang S, Du Y, Ma W. A novel double-layer nanotube structure fabricated in high concentration H3PO4 and fluoride-containing mixed electrolyte without annealing. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Morphology evolution of TiO2 nanotubes with additional reducing agent: Evidence of oxygen release. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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37
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Mohamed M, Moustafa S, Taha SA, Abd-Elnaiem AM. Morphological characterization and refractive index calculation of anodized titanium (99.7%) foil in HF-ethanol electrolyte. MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS 2018; 6:035026. [DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/aaf7c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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38
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Cao S, Huang W, Wu L, Tian M, Song Y. On the Interfacial Adhesion between TiO 2 Nanotube Array Layer and Ti Substrate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13888-13896. [PMID: 30362766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anodic titania nanotube arrays (TNTAs) with higher aspect ratio are observed to be liable to spontaneous curling or delamination from the underlying titanium (Ti) metal once dried because of the poor interfacial adhesion of the TNTA layer to the underlying Ti, especially when a thin Ti sheet is used. The interfacial adhesion strength was shown to decrease with increasing thickness of the TNTA layer. In this work, although the preparation of TNTAs in a frequently used fluoride-containing solution was completed, different anodization processes were further performed at lower current densities or at lower voltages for a short time in the same electrolyte to increase the adhesion. The mechanical test demonstrated that better adhesion properties have been achieved by applying these anodization posttreatment processes. It is believed that during the fabrication of TNTAs, a large residual stress at the interface of the nanotube layer and the underlying Ti is created. It is the residual stress that leads to the weak interfacial adhesion. The anodization posttreatment processes can reduce or eliminate the residual stress, thereby improving the interfacial adhesion. Further, these processes can also boost the performances of TNTAs for supercapacitors. When the anodization posttreatment processes are implemented at 1 mA cm-2 or at 10 V for 5 min, considerable improvements in the interfacial adhesion are observed. Particularly, both posttreatment processes are also applicable to the very thin Ti sheet (∼18 μm). The realization of robust and adherent TNTAs grown on very thin Ti sheets can not only significantly improve the volumetric capacitances of TNTAs but also make TNTAs an attractive material in flexible supercapacitor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Cao
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , P. R. China
| | - Lizhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , P. R. China
| | - Ye Song
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , P. R. China
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39
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Zhao S, Wu L, Li C, Li C, Yu M, Cui H, Zhu X. Fabrication and growth model for conical alumina nanopores – Evidence against field-assisted dissolution theory. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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40
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A mathematical model for initiation and growth of anodic titania nanotube embryos under compact oxide layer. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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41
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Cavities between the double walls of nanotubes: Evidence of oxygen evolution beneath an anion-contaminated layer. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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42
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Studies of oxide growth location on anodization of Al and Ti provide evidence against the field-assisted dissolution and field-assisted ejection theories. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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