1
|
Liu J, Cai X, Liu J, Liang D, Chen K, Tang S, Xu B. Study on the Preparation of Estrone Molecularly Imprinted Polymers and Their Application in a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor via a Computer-Assisted Design. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105758. [PMID: 35628568 PMCID: PMC9147090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Computer simulations are widely used for the selection of conditions for the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers and can rapidly reduce the experimental cycle time and save labor and materials. In this paper, estrone molecularly imprinted polymers (E1-MIPs) are designed at the M062X/6-311+G(d,p) level with itaconic acid (IA) as the functional monomer. The imprinted molar ratio between E1 and IA was optimized, cross-linkers and solvents were screened, and the nature of interactions between E1 and IA was explored. The simulated results showed that pentaerythritol triacrylate was the best cross-linker. Meanwhile, when the imprinted molar ratio between E1 and IA was 1:4, the E1–IA complex had the largest amount of hydrogen bonds, the lowest binding energy, and the strongest stability. Using the simulation results as guidance, the E1-MIPs were prepared to modify the electrons of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor. The experimental studies showed that the E1-MIPs-QCM sensor had the highest adsorption capacity to E1 in comparison with their analogues, and the lowest detection value of the sensor was 16.00 μg/L. The computer simulations and experimental studies could provide guidance for synthesize novel E1-MIPs materials. It also could provide important references and directions for the application of E1-MIPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (X.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Xuhong Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (X.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Junbo Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (X.C.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (S.T.); Tel.: +86-0431-84533522 (J.L.); +86-0431-84532887 (S.T.)
| | - Dadong Liang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (X.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Kaiyin Chen
- Jilin Guangxin Engineering Technology Consulting Co., Ltd., Changchun 130022, China;
| | - Shanshan Tang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (X.C.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (S.T.); Tel.: +86-0431-84533522 (J.L.); +86-0431-84532887 (S.T.)
| | - Bao Xu
- Institute of Mathematica, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hassan MH, Khan R, Andreescu S. Advances in electrochemical detection methods for measuring contaminants of emerging concerns. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Hassan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Clarkson University Potsdam New York USA
| | - Reem Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Clarkson University Potsdam New York USA
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Clarkson University Potsdam New York USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gomes NO, Mendonça CD, Machado SAS, Oliveira ON, Raymundo-Pereira PA. Flexible and integrated dual carbon sensor for multiplexed detection of nonylphenol and paroxetine in tap water samples. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:359. [PMID: 34599426 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiplex detection of emerging pollutants is essential to improve quality control of water treatment plants, which requires portable systems capable of real-time monitoring. In this paper we describe a flexible, dual electrochemical sensing device that detects nonylphenol and paroxetine in tap water samples. The platform contains two voltammetric sensors, with different working electrodes that were either pretreated or functionalized. Each working electrode was judiciously tailored to cover the concentration range of interest for nonylphenol and paroxetine, and square wave voltammetry was used for detection. An electrochemical pretreatment with sulfuric acid on the printed electrode enabled a selective detection of nonylphenol in 1.0-10 × 10-6 mol L-1 range with a limit of detection of 8.0 × 10-7 mol L-1. Paroxetine was detected in the same range with a limit of detection of 6.7 × 10-7 mol L-1 using the printed electrode coated with a layer of carbon spherical shells. Simultaneous detection of the two analytes was achieved in tap water samples within 1 min, with no fouling and no interference effects. The long-term monitoring capability of the dual sensor was demonstrated in phosphate buffer for 45 days. This performance is statistically equivalent to that of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for water analysis. The dual-sensor platform is generic and may be extended to other water pollutants and clinical biomarkers in real-time monitoring of the environment and health conditions. Silver pseudo-reference electrodes for paroxetine (REP) and nonylphenol (REN), working electrodes for paroxetine (WP) and nonylphenol (WN), and auxiliary electrode (AE). USP refers to the University of Sao Paulo. "Red" is reduced form and "Oxi" is oxidized form of analytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia O Gomes
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Camila D Mendonça
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Sergio A S Machado
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Raymundo-Pereira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13560-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao M, Gao Y, Chen G, Huang X, Xu X, Lv J, Wang J, Xu D, Liu G. Recent Advances and Future Trends in the Detection of Contaminants by Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Food Samples. Front Chem 2020; 8:616326. [PMID: 33335893 PMCID: PMC7736048 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.616326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug residues, organic dyes, heavy metals, and other chemical pollutants not only cause environmental pollution, but also have a serious impact on food safety. Timely and systematic summary of the latest scientific advances is of great importance for the development of new detection technologies. In particular, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can mimic antibodies, enzymes and other biological molecules to recognize, enrich, and separate contaminants, with specific recognition, selective adsorption, high affinity, and strong resistance characteristics. Therefore, MIPs have been widely used in chemical analysis, sensing, and material adsorption. In this review, we first describe the basic principles and production processes of molecularly imprinted polymers. Secondly, an overview of recent applications of molecularly imprinted polymers in sample pre-treatment, sensors, chromatographic separation, and mimetic enzymes is highlighted. Finally, a brief assessment of current technical issues and future trends in molecularly imprinted polymers is also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Donghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Built-in electric field-assisted step-scheme heterojunction of carbon nitride-copper oxide for highly selective electrochemical detection of p-nonylphenol. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Li S, Ma X, Pang C, Li H, Liu C, Xu Z, Luo J, Yang Y. Novel molecularly imprinted amoxicillin sensor based on a dual recognition and dual detection strategy. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1127:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
7
|
Rezvani Jalal N, Madrakian T, Afkhami A, Ghoorchian A. In Situ Growth of Metal-Organic Framework HKUST-1 on Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons with High Electrochemical Sensing Performance in Imatinib Determination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4859-4869. [PMID: 31908170 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been previously investigated as electrode materials for developing electrochemical sensors. They have usually been reported to suffer from poor conductivity and improvement in the conductivity of MOFs is still a great challenge. Here, we reported the fabrication of an electrochemical sensor based on the in situ growth of framework HKUST-1 on conductive graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) (HKUST-1/GONRs/GCE). The as-fabricated modified electrode was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and Raman spectroscopy. The voltammetric response of HKUST-1/GONRs/GCE toward Imatinib (IMA), as an anticancer drug, is dramatically higher than HKUST-1/GCE because of the synergic effect of the GONRs and HKUST-1 framework. The calibration curve at the HKUST-1/GONRs/GCE for IMA covered two linear dynamic ranges, 0.04-1.0 and 1.0-80 μmol L-1, with a detection limit of 0.006 μmol L-1 (6 nmol L-1). Taking advantage of the conductivity of GONRs and large surface area of HKUST-1, a sensitive modified electrode was developed for the electrochemical determination of IMA. The present method provides an effective strategy to solve the poor conductivity of the MOFs. Finally, the obtained electrochemical performance made this modified electrode promising in the determination of IMA in urine and serum samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tayyebeh Madrakian
- Faculty of Chemistry , Bu-Ali Sina University , Hamedan 6517838695 , Iran
| | - Abbas Afkhami
- Faculty of Chemistry , Bu-Ali Sina University , Hamedan 6517838695 , Iran
| | - Arash Ghoorchian
- Faculty of Chemistry , Bu-Ali Sina University , Hamedan 6517838695 , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Titanium dioxide and polypyrrole molecularly imprinted polymer nanocomposites based electrochemical sensor for highly selective detection of p-nonylphenol. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1080:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Gui R, Guo H, Jin H. Preparation and applications of electrochemical chemosensors based on carbon-nanomaterial-modified molecularly imprinted polymers. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:3325-3363. [PMID: 36133548 PMCID: PMC9419493 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00455f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed a rapid development in electrochemical chemosensors (ECCSs). The integration of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) has endowed ECCSs with high selectivity and sensitivity toward target detection. Due to the integrated merits of MIPs and CNMs, CNM-modified MIPs as ECCSs have been widely reported and have excellent detection applications. This review systematically summarized the general categories, preparation strategies, and applications of ECCSs based on CNM-modified MIPs. The categories include CNM-modified MIPs often hybridized with various materials and CNM-encapsulated or CNM-combined imprinting silica and polymers on working electrodes or other substrates. The preparation strategies include the polymerization of MIPs on CNM-modified substrates, co-polymerization of MIPs and CNMs on substrates, drop-casting of MIPs on CNM-modified substrates, self-assembly of CNMs/MIP complexes on substrates, and so forth. We discussed the in situ polymerization, electro-polymerization, and engineering structures of CNM-modified MIPs. With regard to potential applications, we elaborated the detection mechanisms, signal transducer modes, target types, and electrochemical sensing of targets in real samples. In addition, this review discussed the present status, challenges, and prospects of CNM-modified MIP-based ECCSs. This comprehensive review is desirable for scientists from broad research fields and can promote the further development of MIP-based functional materials, CNM-based hybrid materials, advanced composites, and hybrid materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rijun Gui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Intellectual Property Research Institute, Qingdao University Shandong 266071 PR China +86 532 85953981 +86 532 85953981
| | - Huijun Guo
- Advanced Fiber and Composites Research Institute, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin 132022 PR China
| | - Hui Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Intellectual Property Research Institute, Qingdao University Shandong 266071 PR China +86 532 85953981 +86 532 85953981
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu J, Dai H, Zeng Y, Yang Y, Wang H, Zhu X, Li L, Zhou G, Chen R, Guo L. A Cross-Linker-Based Poly(Ionic Liquid) for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of 4-Nonylphenol. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9040513. [PMID: 30986975 PMCID: PMC6523804 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report a cross-linker-based poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) for the sensitive detection of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP). PIL was poly(1,4-butanediyl-3,3′-bis-l-vinylimidazolium dibromide) (poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)). Poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2) was prepared via one-step free-radical polymerization. The poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2) was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analyzer and scanning electron microscope. The poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2) was then drop-cast onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to obtain poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)/GCE. In comparison with a bare GCE, poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)/GCE exhibited higher peak current responses for [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−, lower charge transfer resistance, and larger effective surface area. While comparing the peak current responses, we found the peak current response for 4-NP using poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)/GCE to be 3.6 times higher than a traditional cross-linker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) based poly(EGDMA) modified GCE. The peak current of poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2) sensor was linear to 4-NP concentration from 0.05 to 5 μM. The detection limit of 4-NP was obtained as 0.01 μM (S/N = 3). The new PIL based electrochemical sensor also exhibited excellent selectivity, stability, and reusability. Furthermore, the poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)/GCE demonstrated good 4-NP detection in environmental water samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213016, China.
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Hao Dai
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213016, China.
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Yanbo Zeng
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Yiwen Yang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Hailong Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Xudong Zhu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Lei Li
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Guobao Zhou
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Ruoyu Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213016, China.
| | - Longhua Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Azzouz A, Kailasa SK, Kumar P, Ballesteros E, Kim KH. Advances in functional nanomaterial-based electrochemical techniques for screening of endocrine disrupting chemicals in various sample matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
12
|
Ma B, Guo H, Wang M, Li L, Jia X, Chen H, Xue R, Yang W. Electrocatalysis of Cu−MOF/Graphene Composite and its Sensing Application for Electrochemical Simultaneous Determination of Dopamine and Paracetamol. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Ma
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceKey Lab of Eco-Environments Related Polymer Materials of MOECollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Hao Guo
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceKey Lab of Eco-Environments Related Polymer Materials of MOECollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceKey Lab of Eco-Environments Related Polymer Materials of MOECollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Li Li
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceKey Lab of Eco-Environments Related Polymer Materials of MOECollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Xueyan Jia
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceKey Lab of Eco-Environments Related Polymer Materials of MOECollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceKey Lab of Eco-Environments Related Polymer Materials of MOECollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Rui Xue
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceKey Lab of Eco-Environments Related Polymer Materials of MOECollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| | - Wu Yang
- Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu ProvinceKey Lab of Eco-Environments Related Polymer Materials of MOECollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 PR China
| |
Collapse
|