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Wang XF, Duan YF, Zhu YQ, Liu ZJ, Wu YC, Liu TH, Zhang L, Wei JF, Liu GC. An Insulin-Modified pH-Responsive Nanopipette Based on Ion Current Rectification. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4264. [PMID: 39001043 PMCID: PMC11244478 DOI: 10.3390/s24134264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The properties of nanopipettes largely rely on the materials introduced onto their inner walls, which allow for a vast extension of their sensing capabilities. The challenge of simultaneously enhancing the sensitivity and selectivity of nanopipettes for pH sensing remains, hindering their practical applications. Herein, we report insulin-modified nanopipettes with excellent pH response performances, which were prepared by introducing insulin onto their inner walls via a two-step reaction involving silanization and amidation. The pH response intensity based on ion current rectification was significantly enhanced by approximately 4.29 times when utilizing insulin-modified nanopipettes compared with bare ones, demonstrating a linear response within the pH range of 2.50 to 7.80. In addition, insulin-modified nanopipettes featured good reversibility and selectivity. The modification processes were monitored using the I-V curves, and the relevant mechanisms were discussed. The effects of solution pH and insulin concentration on the modification results were investigated to achieve optimal insulin introduction. This study showed that the pH response behavior of nanopipettes can be greatly improved by introducing versatile molecules onto the inner walls, thereby contributing to the development and utilization of pH-responsive nanopipettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Fan Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (X.-F.W.); (Y.-F.D.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (Z.-J.L.); (T.-H.L.); (L.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China;
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yi-Fan Duan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (X.-F.W.); (Y.-F.D.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (Z.-J.L.); (T.-H.L.); (L.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China;
| | - Yue-Qian Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (X.-F.W.); (Y.-F.D.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (Z.-J.L.); (T.-H.L.); (L.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China;
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zi-Jing Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (X.-F.W.); (Y.-F.D.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (Z.-J.L.); (T.-H.L.); (L.Z.)
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yu-Chen Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China;
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Tian-Hao Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (X.-F.W.); (Y.-F.D.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (Z.-J.L.); (T.-H.L.); (L.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China;
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (X.-F.W.); (Y.-F.D.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (Z.-J.L.); (T.-H.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jian-Feng Wei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (X.-F.W.); (Y.-F.D.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (Z.-J.L.); (T.-H.L.); (L.Z.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Guo-Chang Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; (X.-F.W.); (Y.-F.D.); (Y.-Q.Z.); (Z.-J.L.); (T.-H.L.); (L.Z.)
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Science Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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Duleba D, Denuga S, Johnson RP. Reproducibility and stability of silane layers in nanoconfined electrochemical systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15452-15460. [PMID: 38747528 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01181c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Organosilanes are commonly utilized to attach bioreceptors to oxide surfaces. The deposition of such silane layers is especially challenging in nanoscale or nanoconfined devices, such as in nanopipettes, since rinsing off loosely bound silanes may not be possible due to geometric constrictions and because the thickness of multilayered silanes can cover or block nanoscale features. Furthermore, in electrochemical devices, the silane layers experience additional perturbations, such as electric migration and electroosmotic force. Despite its importance, there appears to be no consensus in the current literature on the optimal methodology for nanopipette silanization, with significant variations in reported conditions. Herein, we systematically investigate the reproducibility and stability of liquid- and vapor-phase deposited silane layers inside nanopipettes. Electrochemical monitoring of the changing internal silanized surface reveals that vapor-deposited APTES generates surface modifications with the highest reproducibility, while vapor-deposited APTMS generates surface modifications of the highest stability over a 24-hour time period. Practical issues of silanizing nanoconfined systems are highlighted, and the importance of carefully chosen silanization conditions to yield stable and reproducible monolayers is emphasized as an underappreciated aspect in the development of novel nanoscale systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Duleba
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Shekemi Denuga
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Robert P Johnson
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Gold nanoparticle functionalized nanopipette sensors for electrochemical paraquat detection. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:251. [PMID: 35680710 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive nanopipette sensor is established through a unique design of host-guest recognition, which could be further enhanced by the introduction of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). Generally, the nanopipette is conjugated with caboxylatopillar[5]arenes (CP[5]) or carboxylated leaning pillar[6]arene (CLP[6]) to generate recognition sites. After the addition of pesticide molecules, they would be captured by CP[5] (or CLP[6]), resulting in a significant electronegativity change on the nanopipette's inner surface, which could be determined by the ionic current change. The CP[5]-modified nanopipette exhibited reliable selectivity for paraquat, while the CLP[6]-modified nanopipette showed an ability of detection for both paraquat and diquat. The addition of Au NPs improved the selectivity and sensitivity of the CP[5]-Au NP-modified nanopipette for paraquat sensing. After optimization by lowering the size of the Au NPs, CP[5]-Au NPs (3 nm)-modified nanopipettes achieved lower detection limits of 0.034 nM for paraquat. Furthermore, in real sample analysis, this sensor demonstrates exceptional sensitivity and selectivity. This study provides a new strategy to develop nanopipette sensors for practical small molecule detection. The gold nanoparticles enhanced quartz nanopipette sensor based on host-guest interaction was firstly established, which could achieve an excellent limit of detection of 3.4 × 10-11 mol/L for paraquat.
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Liu L, Aoki KJ, Chen J. Microhole‐voltammograms Controlled by Solution Reservoir at Cationic and Anionic Ion Exchange Membranes. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Department of Applied Physics University of Fukui 3-9-1 Bunkyo Fukui 910-0017 Japan
| | | | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Applied Physics University of Fukui 3-9-1 Bunkyo Fukui 910-0017 Japan
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Abstract
Micro-hole voltammetry exhibiting rectified current-voltage curves was performed in hydrochloric acid by varying the lengths and the diameters of the micro-holes on one end of which a Nafion film was mounted. Some voltammetric properties were compared with those in NaCl solution. The voltammograms were composed of two line-segments, the slope of one segment being larger than the other. They were controlled by electric migration partly because of the linearity of the voltammograms and partly the independence of the scan rates. Since the low conductance which appeared in the current from the hole to the Nafion film was proportional to the cross section area of the hole and the inverse of the length of the hole, it should be controlled by the geometry of the hole. The conductance of the hydrogen ion in the Nafion film was observed to be smaller than that in the bulk, because the transport rate of hydrogen ion by the Grotthuss mechanism was hindered by the destruction of hydrogen bonds in the film. In contrast, the conductance for the current from the Nafion to the hole, enhancing by up to 30 times in magnitude from the opposite current, was controlled by the cell geometry rather than the hole geometry except for very small holes. A reason for the enhancement is a supply of hydrogen ions from the Nafion to increase the concentration in the hole. The concentration of the hydrogen ion was five times smaller than that of sodium ion because of the blocking of transport of the hydrogen ion in the Nafion film. However, the rectification ratio of H+ was twice as large as that of Na+.
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Aoki KJ, Liu L, Marken F, Chen J. Rectification effects of Nafion-backed micropore-voltammograms by difference in migrational modes. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Chang M, Morgan G, Bedier F, Chieng A, Gomez P, Raminani S, Wang Y. Review-Recent Advances in Nanosensors Built with Pre-Pulled Glass Nanopipettes and Their Applications in Chemical and Biological Sensing. JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020; 167:037533. [PMID: 34326553 PMCID: PMC8317590 DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ab64be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanosensors built with pre-pulled glass nanopipettes, including bare or chemically modified nanopipettes and fully or partially filled solid nanoelectrodes, have found applications in chemical and biological sensing via resistive-pulse, current rectification, and electrochemical sensing. These nanosensors are easily fabricated and provide advantages through their needle-like geometry with nanometer-sized tips, making them highly sensitive and suitable for local measurements in extremely small samples. The variety in the geometry and layout have extended sensing capabilities. In this review, we will outline the fundamentals in fabrication, modification, and characterization of those pre-pulled glass nanopipette based nanosensors and highlight the most recent progress in their development and applications in real-time monitoring of biological processes, chemical ion sensing, and single entity analysis.
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Zhang S, Chai H, Cheng K, Song L, Chen W, Yu L, Lu Z, Liu B, Zhao YD. Ultrasensitive and regenerable nanopore sensing based on target induced aptamer dissociation. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 152:112011. [PMID: 32056734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
For ionic current rectification (ICR) based sensing, nanopore functionalizations are mostly designed for directly binding target molecules to generate detectable signals from surface charge variation. However, this strategy is highly dependent on the charge difference between the captured molecules and surface functionalization layers, which will increase the nanopore design difficulty and subsequently limit the nanopore applicability. Another key challenge for ICR based sensing is the nanopore regenerability that is critical if online monitoring or repeated determination needs to be performed with one sensor. Though some types of nanopore regeneration have been realized on some specific targets or with harsh conditions, it is still highly favored to develop a regenerability using mild conditions for various targets. To address these two challenges, we developed a novel and universal sensing strategy for aptamer-functionalized nanopore that can be easily regenerated after each usage without any harsh conditions and independent of target molecule charge or size for ICR based nanopore sensing. Ochratoxin A (OTA) was used as a model analyte and its corresponding aptamer partially hybridized with the pre-immobilized complementary DNA (cDNA) onto the nanopore inner surface. We demonstrated that the recognition and conjugation of OTA with its aptamer resulted in rectified ionic current variations due to the dissociation between the OTA aptamer and its partially paired cDNA. The performance of this nanopore sensor including sensitivity, selectivity, regenerability, and applicability was characterized using rectified ionic current. This nanopore sensing strategy will provide a promising platform for extensive targets and online sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Huihui Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Laibo Song
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
| | - Ling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Zhisong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Yuan-Di Zhao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
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Liu GC, Song LB, Gao MJ, Wang XH, Li CQ, Liu B, Zhao YD, Chen W. Ion Current Rectification in High-Salt Environment from Mesoporous TiO2 Microplug in Situ Grown at the Tip of a Micropipette Induced by Space-Confined Evaporation. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15377-15381. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Chang Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Lai-Bo Song
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Juan Gao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Qing Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Di Zhao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics (HUST), Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
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Eggenberger OM, Ying C, Mayer M. Surface coatings for solid-state nanopores. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19636-19657. [PMID: 31603455 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05367k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since their introduction in 2001, solid-state nanopores have been increasingly exploited for the detection and characterization of biomolecules ranging from single DNA strands to protein complexes. A major factor that enables the application of nanopores to the analysis and characterization of a broad range of macromolecules is the preparation of coatings on the pore wall to either prevent non-specific adhesion of molecules or to facilitate specific interactions of molecules of interest within the pore. Surface coatings can therefore be useful to minimize clogging of nanopores or to increase the residence time of target analytes in the pore. This review article describes various coatings and their utility for changing pore diameters, increasing the stability of nanopores, reducing non-specific interactions, manipulating surface charges, enabling interactions with specific target molecules, and reducing the noise of current recordings through nanopores. We compare the coating methods with respect to the ease of preparing the coating, the stability of the coating and the requirement for specialized equipment to prepare the coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Eggenberger
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Cuifeng Ying
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Mayer
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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Pan Z, Nie X, Yang J, Liu H, Li J, Wang K. Gas molecule modulated ionic migration through graphene oxide laminates. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Zhang S, Liu G, Chai H, Zhao YD, Yu L, Chen W. Detection of alkaline phosphatase activity with a functionalized nanopipette. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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13
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Liu GC, Gao MJ, Chen W, Hu XY, Song LB, Liu B, Zhao YD. pH-modulated ion-current rectification in a cysteine-functionalized glass nanopipette. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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