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Orzari LO, Silva LRGE, de Freitas RC, Brazaca LC, Janegitz BC. Lab-made disposable screen-printed electrochemical sensors and immunosensors modified with Pd nanoparticles for Parkinson's disease diagnostics. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:76. [PMID: 38172448 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
A new conductive ink based on the addition of carbon black to a poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix is developed and investigated for electrochemical sensing and biosensing applications. The produced devices were characterized using morphological and electrochemical techniques and modified with Pd nanoparticles to enhance electrical conductivity and reaction kinetics. With the aid of chemometrics, the parameters for metal deposition were investigated and the sensor was applied to the determination of Parkinson's disease biomarkers, specifically epinephrine and α-synuclein. A linear behavior was obtained in the range 0.75 to 100 μmol L-1 of the neurotransmitter, and the device displayed a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.051 μmol L-1. The three-electrode system was then tested using samples of synthetic cerebrospinal fluid. Afterward, the device was modified with specific antibodies to quantify α-synuclein using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In phosphate buffer, a linear range was obtained for α-synuclein concentrations from 1.5 to 15 μg mL-1, with a calculated LOD of 0.13 μg mL-1. The proposed immunosensor was also applied to blood serum samples, and, in this case, the linear range was observed from 6.0 to 100.5 μg mL-1 of α-synuclein, with a LOD = 1.3 µg mL-1. Both linear curves attend the range for the real diagnosis, demonstrating its potential application to complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Otávio Orzari
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Guterres E Silva
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Cristina de Freitas
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, SP, 18052-780, Brazil
| | - Laís Canniatti Brazaca
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Bruno Campos Janegitz
- Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil.
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2
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Nishi N, Kuroyama Y, Yoshida N, Yokoyama Y, Sakka T. A Water‐Free ITIES: Ionic Liquid/Oil Interface for Base Metal Nanostructure Formation – Zn Case. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202201000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Nishi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yohei Kuroyama
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Naohiro Yoshida
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yuko Yokoyama
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sakka
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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3
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Al Nasser HA, Kim C, Li Q, Bissett MA, Haigh SJ, Dryfe RA. The modified liquid | liquid interface: An electrochemical route for the electrode-less synthesis of MoS2 metal composite thin films. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Aslan E, Hatay Patir I. In Situ Generated Copper Nanoparticles on Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO/Cu) for Biphasic Hydrogen Evolution. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Aslan
- Selçuk Üniversitesi: Selcuk Universitesi Biochemistry TURKEY
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5
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Moya Betancourt SN, Cámara CI, Juarez AV, Pozo López G, Riva JS. Effect of magnetic nanoparticles coating on their electrochemical behaviour at a polarized liquid/liquid interface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Nieminen E, Murtomäki L. Kinetics of Cu
2+
Reduction and Nanoparticle Nucleation at Micro‐scale 1,2‐Dichlorobenzene‐water Interface Studied by Cyclic Voltammetry and Square‐wave Voltammetry. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eemi Nieminen
- Department of Chemistry Aalto University P.O. Box 16100 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Lasse Murtomäki
- Department of Chemistry Aalto University P.O. Box 16100 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
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7
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Moshrefi R, Suryawanshi A, Stockmann TJ. Electrochemically controlled Au nanoparticle nucleation at a micro liquid/liquid interface using ferrocene as reducing agent. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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8
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Co-deposition of silica and proteins at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 134:107529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Zhang Y, Nishi N, Sakka T. Interface-templated synthesis of single-crystalline silver chain-like nanobelts at the liquid-liquid interface between water and redox-active ionic liquid. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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One-step fabrication of Au@Pd core-shell bimetallic nanofibers at the interface between water and redox-active ionic liquid. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Zhang Y, Nishi N, Amano KI, Sakka T. One-dimensional Pt nanofibers formed by the redox reaction at the ionic liquid|water interface. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Sachdev S, Maugi R, Woolley J, Kirk C, Zhou Z, Christie SDR, Platt M. Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using the Interface of an Emulsion Droplet. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:5464-5472. [PMID: 28514172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A facile and rapid method for synthesizing single crystal gold spherical or platelet (nonspherical) particles is reported. The reaction takes place at the interface of two immiscible liquids where the reducing agent decamethylferrocene (DmFc) was initially added to hexane and gold chloride (AuCl4-) to an aqueous phase. The reaction is spontaneous at room temperature, leading to the creation of Au nanoparticles (AuNP). A flow focusing microfluidic chip was used to create emulsion droplets, allowing the same reaction to take place within a series of microreactors. The technique allows the number of droplets, their diameter, and even the concentration of reactants in both phases to be controlled. The size and shape of the AuNP are dependent upon the concentration of the reactants and the size of the droplets. By tuning the reaction parameters, the synthesized nanoparticles vary from nanometer to micrometer sized spheres or platelets. The surfactant used to stabilize the emulsion was also shown to influence the particle shape. Finally, the addition of other nanoparticles within the droplet allows for core@shell particles to be readily formed, and we believe this could be a versatile platform for the large scale production of core@shell particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caroline Kirk
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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Booth SG, Chang SY, Uehara A, La Fontaine C, Cibin G, Schroeder SL, Dryfe RA. In situ XAFS Study of Palladium Electrodeposition at the Liquid/Liquid Interface. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Karimian N, Moretto LM, Ugo P. Nanobiosensing with Arrays and Ensembles of Nanoelectrodes. SENSORS 2016; 17:s17010065. [PMID: 28042840 PMCID: PMC5298638 DOI: 10.3390/s17010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Since the first reports dating back to the mid-1990s, ensembles and arrays of nanoelectrodes (NEEs and NEAs, respectively) have gained an important role as advanced electroanalytical tools thank to their unique characteristics which include, among others, dramatically improved signal/noise ratios, enhanced mass transport and suitability for extreme miniaturization. From the year 2000 onward, these properties have been exploited to develop electrochemical biosensors in which the surfaces of NEEs/NEAs have been functionalized with biorecognition layers using immobilization modes able to take the maximum advantage from the special morphology and composite nature of their surface. This paper presents an updated overview of this field. It consists of two parts. In the first, we discuss nanofabrication methods and the principles of functioning of NEEs/NEAs, focusing, in particular, on those features which are important for the development of highly sensitive and miniaturized biosensors. In the second part, we review literature references dealing the bioanalytical and biosensing applications of sensors based on biofunctionalized arrays/ensembles of nanoelectrodes, focusing our attention on the most recent advances, published in the last five years. The goal of this review is both to furnish fundamental knowledge to researchers starting their activity in this field and provide critical information on recent achievements which can stimulate new ideas for future developments to experienced scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Karimian
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155-Mestre, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - Ligia M Moretto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155-Mestre, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ugo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155-Mestre, 30172 Venice, Italy.
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15
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Toth PS, Velický M, Bissett MA, Slater TJA, Savjani N, Rabiu AK, Rakowski AM, Brent JR, Haigh SJ, O'Brien P, Dryfe RAW. Asymmetric MoS 2 /Graphene/Metal Sandwiches: Preparation, Characterization, and Application. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:8256-8264. [PMID: 27461734 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The polarizable organic/water interface is used to construct MoS2 /graphene nanocomposites, and various asymmetrically dual-decorated graphene sandwiches are synthesized. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and 3D electron tomography confirm their structure. These dual-decorated graphene-based hybrids show excellent hydrogen evolution activity and promising capacitance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Toth
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Matĕj Velický
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mark A Bissett
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Thomas J A Slater
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Nicky Savjani
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Aminu K Rabiu
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alexander M Rakowski
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jack R Brent
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sarah J Haigh
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paul O'Brien
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Robert A W Dryfe
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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16
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Murphy BM, Festersen S, Magnussen OM. The Atomic scale structure of liquid metal-electrolyte interfaces. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13859-13866. [PMID: 27301317 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01571a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical interfaces between immiscible liquids have lately received renewed interest, both for gaining fundamental insight as well as for applications in nanomaterial synthesis. In this feature article we demonstrate that the atomic scale structure of these previously inaccessible interfaces nowadays can be explored by in situ synchrotron based X-ray scattering techniques. Exemplary studies of a prototypical electrochemical system - a liquid mercury electrode in pure NaCl solution - reveal that the liquid metal is terminated by a well-defined atomic layer. This layering decays on length scales of 0.5 nm into the Hg bulk and displays a potential and temperature dependent behaviour that can be explained by electrocapillary effects and contributions of the electronic charge distribution on the electrode. In similar studies of nanomaterial growth, performed for the electrochemical deposition of PbFBr, a complex nucleation and growth behaviour is found, involving a crystalline precursor layer prior to the 3D crystal growth. Operando X-ray scattering measurements provide detailed data on the processes of nanoscale film formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Murphy
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstr. 19, D-24098 Kiel, Germany.
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17
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Local pH changes triggered by photoelectrochemistry for silica condensation at the liquid-liquid interface. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Petrii OA. Electrosynthesis of nanostructures and nanomaterials. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Aslan E, Patir IH, Ersoz M. Cu Nanoparticles Electrodeposited at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces: A Highly Efficient Catalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Chemistry 2015; 21:4585-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Toth PS, Rodgers AN, Rabiu AK, Dryfe RA. Electrochemical activity and metal deposition using few-layer graphene and carbon nanotubes assembled at the liquid–liquid interface. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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21
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Toth PS, Ramasse QM, Velický M, Dryfe RAW. Functionalization of graphene at the organic/water interface. Chem Sci 2014; 6:1316-1323. [PMID: 29560218 PMCID: PMC5811094 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03504f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple method for the deposition of noble metal (Pd, Au) nanoparticles on a free-standing chemical vapour deposited graphene monolayer is reported. Metal deposition can proceed using either spontaneous or electrochemically-controlled processes. The resultant nanoclusters are characterized using atomic force and electron microscopy techniques, and mapping mode Raman spectroscopy.
A simple method for the deposition of noble metal (Pd, Au) nanoparticles on a free-standing chemical vapour deposited graphene (CVD GR) monolayer is reported. The method consists of assembling the high purity CVD GR, by transfer from poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), at the organic/water interface. Metal deposition can then proceed using either spontaneous or electrochemically-controlled processes. The resultant graphene-based metal nanoclusters are characterized using atomic force and electron microscopy techniques, and the location of the nanostructures underneath the graphene layer is determined from the position and the intensity changes of the Raman bands (D, G, 2D). This novel process for decoration of a single-layer graphene sheet with metal nanoparticles using liquid/liquid interfaces opens an alternative and useful way to prepare low dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites and electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Toth
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)161-306-4522
| | - Quentin M Ramasse
- SuperSTEM Laboratory , STFC Daresbury Campus , Daresbury WA4 4AD , UK
| | - Matěj Velický
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)161-306-4522
| | - Robert A W Dryfe
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)161-306-4522
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22
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Poltorak L, Dossot M, Herzog G, Walcarius A. Interfacial processes studied by coupling electrochemistry at the polarised liquid–liquid interface with in situ confocal Raman spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:26955-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Rodgers AN, Booth SG, Dryfe RA. Particle deposition and catalysis at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES): A mini-review. Electrochem commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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24
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Huang L, Li P, Pamphile N, Tian ZQ, Zhan D. Electrosynthesis of Copper-Tetracyanoquinodimethane Based on the Coupling Charge Transfer across Water/1,2-Dichloroethane Interface. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Dryfe RAW, Uehara A, Booth SG. Metal Deposition at the Liquid-Liquid Interface. CHEM REC 2014; 14:1013-23. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. W. Dryfe
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Akihiro Uehara
- Division of Nuclear Engineering Science; Research Reactor Institute; Kyoto University; Asashironishi Kumatori Osaka 590-0494 Japan
| | - Samuel G. Booth
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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26
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Uehara A, Hashimoto T, Dryfe RA. Au Electrodeposition at the Liquid-Liquid Interface: mechanistic aspects. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Huang L, Chen Y, Bian S, Huang YF, Tian ZQ, Zhan D. Composite PET membrane with nanostructured Ag/AgTCNQ Schottky junctions: electrochemical nanofabrication and charge-transfer properties. Chemistry 2014; 20:724-8. [PMID: 24339244 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Large-area nanostructured Ag/Ag-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) Schottky junctions are fabricated electrochemically on a mesoporous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membrane-supported water/1, 2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface. When the interface is polarized, Ag(+) ions transfer across the PET membrane from the aqueous phase and are reduced to form metallic Ag on the PET membrane, which reacts further with tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) in the DCE phase to form nanostructured Ag/AgTCNQ Schottky junctions. Once the mesoporous membrane is blocked by metallic Ag, a bipolar mechanism is proposed to explain the successive growth of AgTCNQ nanorods and Ag film on each side of the PET membrane. Due to the well-formed nanostructure of Ag/AgTCNQ Schottky junctions, the direct electrochemical behavior is observed, which is essential to explain the physicochemical mechanism of its electric performance. Moreover, the composite PET membrane with nanostructured Ag/AgTCNQ Schottky junctions is tailorable and can be assembled directly into electric devices without any pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 (P.R. China), Tel: (+86) 592-2185797
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28
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Ongaro M, Ugo P. Sensor Arrays: Arrays of Micro- and Nanoelectrodes. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS BY ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS AND BIOSENSORS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0676-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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29
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Elsen A, Festersen S, Runge B, Koops CT, Ocko BM, Deutsch M, Seeck OH, Murphy BM, Magnussen OM. In situ X-ray studies of adlayer-induced crystal nucleation at the liquid-liquid interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:6663-8. [PMID: 23553838 PMCID: PMC3637733 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1301800110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystal nucleation and growth at a liquid-liquid interface is studied on the atomic scale by in situ Å-resolution X-ray scattering methods for the case of liquid Hg and an electrochemical dilute electrolyte containing Pb(2+), F(-), and Br(-) ions. In the regime negative of the Pb amalgamation potential Φ(rp) = -0.70 V, no change is observed from the surface-layered structure of pure Hg. Upon potential-induced release of Pb(2+) from the Hg bulk at Φ > Φ(rp), the formation of an intriguing interface structure is observed, comprising a well-defined 7.6-Å-thick adlayer, decorated with structurally related 3D crystallites. Both are identified by their diffraction peaks as PbFBr, preferentially aligned with their axis along the interface normal. X-ray reflectivity shows the adlayer to consist of a stack of five ionic layers, forming a single-unit-cell-thick crystalline PbFBr precursor film, which acts as a template for the subsequent quasiepitaxial 3D crystal growth. This growth behavior is assigned to the combined action of electrostatic and short-range chemical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Elsen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven Festersen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Benjamin Runge
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian T. Koops
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Benjamin M. Ocko
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
| | - Moshe Deutsch
- Physics Department, and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Oliver H. Seeck
- Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Bridget M. Murphy
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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Zhou XW, Gan YL, Dai ZX, Zhang RH. Monodispersed Pd nanospheres and their electrocatalytic properties for methanol oxidation in alkaline medium. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Abstract
The main aspects related to the charge transfer reactions occurring at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) are described. The particular topics to be discussed involve simple ion transfer. Focus is given on theoretical approaches, numerical simulations, and experimental methodologies. Concerning the theoretical procedures, different computational simulations related to simple ion transfer are reviewed. The main conclusions drawn from the most accepted models are described and analyzed in regard to their relevance for explaining different aspects of ion transfer. We describe numerical simulations implementing different approaches for solving the differential equations associated with the mass transport and charge transfer. These numerical simulations are correlated with selected experimental results; their usefulness in designing new experiments is summarized. Finally, many practical applications can be envisaged regarding the determination of physicochemical properties, electroanalysis, drug lipophilicity, and phase-transfer catalysis.
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34
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Electrochemical deposition of gold at liquid–liquid interfaces studied by thin organic film-modified electrodes. J Solid State Electrochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-011-1613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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35
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Kloke A, von Stetten F, Zengerle R, Kerzenmacher S. Strategies for the fabrication of porous platinum electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:4976-5008. [PMID: 22180890 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Porous platinum is of high technological importance due to its various applications in fuel cells, sensors, stimulation electrodes, mechanical actuators and catalysis in general. Based on a discussion of the general principles behind the reduction of platinum salts and corresponding deposition processes this article discusses techniques available for platinum electrode fabrication. The numerous, different strategies available to fabricate platinum electrodes are reviewed and discussed in the context of their tuning parameters, strengths and weaknesses. These strategies comprise bottom-up approaches as well as top-down approaches. In bottom-up approaches nanoparticles are synthesized in a fi rst step by chemical, photochemical or sonochemical means followed by an electrode formation step by e.g. thin fi lm technology or network formation to create a contiguous and conducting solid electrode structure. In top-down approaches fabrication starts with an already conductive electrode substrate. Corresponding strategies enable the fabrication of substrate-based electrodes by e.g. electrodeposition or the fabrication of self-supporting electrodes by dealloying. As a further top-down strategy, this review describes methods to decorate porous metals other than platinum with a surface layer of platinum. This way, fabrication methods not performable with platinum can be applied to the fabrication of platinum electrodes with the special benefit of low platinum consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Kloke
- Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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36
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Gründer Y, Ho HLT, Mosselmans JFW, Schroeder SLM, Dryfe RAW. Inhibited and enhanced nucleation of gold nanoparticles at the water|1,2-dichloroethane interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:15681-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21536a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Nieminen JJ, Hatay I, Ge P, Méndez MA, Murtomäki L, Girault HH. Hydrogen evolution catalyzed by electrodeposited nanoparticles at the liquid/liquid interface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:5548-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc10637f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen evolution by decamethylferrocene in 1,2-dichloroethane can be catalyzed efficiently by platinum and palladium nanoparticles electrogenerated in situ at the liquid–liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonas J. Nieminen
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Phyique et Analytiqu
- Station 6
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédédrale de Lausann
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Imren Hatay
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Phyique et Analytiqu
- Station 6
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédédrale de Lausann
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - PeiYu Ge
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Phyique et Analytiqu
- Station 6
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédédrale de Lausann
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Manuel A. Méndez
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Phyique et Analytiqu
- Station 6
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédédrale de Lausann
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | | | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Phyique et Analytiqu
- Station 6
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédédrale de Lausann
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
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38
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Peppler K, Pölleth M, Meiss S, Rohnke M, Janek J. Electrodeposition of Metals for Micro- and Nanostructuring at Interfaces between Solid, Liquid and Gaseous Conductors: Dendrites, Whiskers and Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2006.220.10.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrodeposition of a metal requires the reduction of metal ions by electrons and can in principle occur at any interface or in any boundary region between two electrically conducting phases with different ionic transference numbers. Here we summarize and review metal deposition at all possible five interfaces: solid|solid (short s|s), liquid|liquid (l|l), solid|liquid (s|l), solid|gas (s|g), liquid|gas (l|g), emphasizing processes at less studied interfaces. Cathodic deposition of a metal from a liquid electrolyte (s|l interface) is the most typical case and forms the basis of numerous applied galvanic processes. The equivalent deposition of a metal on a solid electrolyte (s|s interface) is much less usual, but phenomenologically identical. The deposition processes of a metal at the interface between two liquid electrolytes, or between a gaseous conductor and either a solid or a liquid conductor form three other possible situations. Examples for these five general cases (the s|l interface is only briefly treated) are reviewed and discussed with respect to the growth kinetics and the product morphology. Nano-sized memory devices, switches, electron beam induced formation of metals on solid electrolytes and plasma-cathodic metal deposition from ionic liquids, where in the first place the very low vapour pressure of ionic liquids facilitates the application of low-temperature plasmas, are discussed as possible new and unusual applications of electrochemical metal deposition.
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Corduneanu O, Diculescu VC, Chiorcea-Paquim AM, Oliveira-Brett AM. Shape-controlled palladium nanowires and nanoparticles electrodeposited on carbon electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Electrochemical processes at a flowing organic solvent∣aqueous electrolyte phase boundary. Electrochem commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2007.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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42
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43
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Electrodeposition at the liquid/liquid interface: The chronoamperometric response as a function of applied potential difference. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Bertoncello P, Peruffo M, Unwin PR. Formation and evaluation of electrochemically-active ultra-thin palladium–Nafion nanocomposite films. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:1597-9. [PMID: 17530071 DOI: 10.1039/b702537h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple method for producing electrochemically-active palladium nanoparticles within ultra-thin Nafion films is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bertoncello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UKCV4 7AL.
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45
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Random nucleation and growth of Pt nanoparticles at the polarised interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Fan D, Thomas PJ, O'Brien P. Deposition of CdS and ZnS thin films at the water/toluene interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b616004b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Trojánek A, Langmaier J, Samec Z. Electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction at a polarised interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions by electrochemically generated Pt particles. Electrochem commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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48
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Dryfe RAW. Modifying the liquid/liquid interface: pores, particles and deposition. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:1869-83. [PMID: 16633673 DOI: 10.1039/b518018j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The modification of the liquid/liquid interface with solid phases is discussed in this article. Modified interfaces can be formed with molecular assemblies, but here attention is focussed on solid materials such as mesoscopic particles, or microporous and mesoporous membranes. Charge transfer across the modified liquid/liquid interface is considered in particular. The most obvious consequence of the introduction of such modifying components is their effect on the transport to, and the transfer of material across, the liquid/liquid interface, as measured voltammetrically for example. One particularly interesting reaction is interfacial metal deposition, which can also be studied under electrochemical control: the initial formation of metal nuclei at the interface transforms it from the bare, pristine state to a modified state with very different reactivity. Deposition at interfaces between liquids is compared and contrasted with the cases of metal deposition in bulk solution and conventional heterogeneous deposition on conducting solid surfaces. Comparison is also made with work on the assembly of pre-formed micron and nanometre scale solids at the liquid/liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A W Dryfe
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK M13 9PL.
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49
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Binder WH. Supramolekulare Anordung von Nanopartikeln an Flüssig-flüssig-Grenzflächen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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50
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Binder WH. Supramolecular Assembly of Nanoparticles at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:5172-5. [PMID: 16035015 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H Binder
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Division of Macromolecular Chemistry, Vienna, Austria.
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