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Silva FWL, Bernardino CAR, Ferreira JHA, Mahler CF, Santelli RE, Canevari TC, Cincotto FH. Disposable electrochemical sensor: Highly sensitive determination of nitrofurazone antibiotic in environmental samples and pharmaceutical formulations. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142481. [PMID: 38823428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The study presents the successful development of a new electrochemical sensor with low cost and disposability for application in nitrofurazone detection in environmental and pharmaceutical samples. The sensors were fabricated using materials obtained from local storage and conductive carbon ink. The modification of the screen-printed electrodes with the hybrid nanomaterial based on silver nanoparticles, carbon quantum dots, and carbon nanotubes showed synergistic contributions in the nitrofurazone electrooxidation, as observed in the wide linear range (0.008 at 15.051 μM), with a sensitivity of 0.650 μA/μM. The limit of detection obtained was 4.6 nM. Differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the electrochemical and structural characteristics. Studies of possible interferences were considered with nitrofurazone in the presence of the ions and organic molecules. The results were satisfactory, with a variation of 93.3% ± 4.39% at 100% ± 2.40%. The low volume used in the analyses (50 μL), disposability, high sensibility, selectivity, and low limit of detection are advantages that make the proposed sensor an electrochemical tool of high viability for the NFZ detection in environmental matrices and pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Walison Lima Silva
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - João H A Ferreira
- LabNaHm: Multifunctional Hybrid Nanomaterials Laboratory. Engineering School, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01302-907, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudio Fernando Mahler
- Departamento de Engenharia Civil, COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Erthal Santelli
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; National Institute of Science & Technology of Bioanalytics (INCTBio), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thiago C Canevari
- LabNaHm: Multifunctional Hybrid Nanomaterials Laboratory. Engineering School, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, 01302-907, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Henrique Cincotto
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; National Institute of Science & Technology of Bioanalytics (INCTBio), Campinas, Brazil.
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Zoubir J, Radaa C, Bougdour N, Idlahcen A, El Hayaoui W, Tajat N, El Mouhri W, Nadif I, Qourzal S, Tamimi M, Assabbane A, Bakas I. A sensor based on silver nanoparticles synthesized on carbon graphite sheets for the electrochemical detection of nitrofurazone: Application: Tap water, commercial milk and human urine. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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3
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Zirconium metal organic framework based opto-electrochemical sensor for nitrofurazone detection. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shellaiah M, Sun KW. Diamond-Based Electrodes for Detection of Metal Ions and Anions. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010064. [PMID: 35010014 PMCID: PMC8746347 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diamond electrodes have long been a well-known candidate in electrochemical analyte detection. Nano- and micro-level modifications on the diamond electrodes can lead to diverse analytical applications. Doping of crystalline diamond allows the fabrication of suitable electrodes towards specific analyte monitoring. In particular, boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have been reported for metal ions, anions, biomolecules, drugs, beverage hazards, pesticides, organic molecules, dyes, growth stimulant, etc., with exceptional performance in discriminations. Therefore, numerous reviews on the diamond electrode-based sensory utilities towards the specified analyte quantifications were published by many researchers. However, reviews on the nanodiamond-based electrodes for metal ions and anions are still not readily available nowadays. To advance the development of diamond electrodes towards the detection of diverse metal ions and anions, it is essential to provide clear and focused information on the diamond electrode synthesis, structure, and electrical properties. This review provides indispensable information on the diamond-based electrodes towards the determination of metal ions and anions.
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Rajakumaran R, Sukanya R, Chen SM, Karthik R, Breslin CB, Shafi PM. Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrochlore-Type Praseodymium Stannate Nanoparticles: An Effective Electrocatalyst for Detection of Nitrofurazone Drug in Biological Samples. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2464-2476. [PMID: 33534999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Apart from perovskites, the development of different types of pyrochlore oxides is highly focused on various electrochemical applications in recent times. Based on this, we have synthesized pyrochlore-type praseodymium stannate nanoparticles (Pr2Sn2O7 NPs) by using a coprecipitation method and further investigated by different analytical and spectroscopic techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, high resolution-transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Followed by this, we have designed a unique and novel electrochemical sensor for nitrofurazone detection, by modifying the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with the prepared Pr2Sn2O7 NPs. For that, the electrochemical experiments were performed by using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. The Pr2Sn2O7 NPs modified GCE exhibits high sensitivity (2.11 μA μM-1 cm-2), selectivity, dynamic linear ranges (0.01-24 μM and 32-332 μM), and lower detection limit (4 nM). Furthermore, the Pr2Sn2O7 NPs demonstrated promising real sample analysis with good recovery results in biological samples (human urine and blood serum) which showed better results than the noble metal catalysts. Based on these results, the present work gives clear evidence that the pyrochlore oxides are highly suitable electrode materials for performing outstanding catalytic activity toward electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Rajakumaran
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ramaraj Sukanya
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shen Ming Chen
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Raj Karthik
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam Universit, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Carmel B Breslin
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare W23 FH6, Ireland
| | - P Muhammed Shafi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam Universit, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
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Sanz CG, Dias KA, Bacil RP, Serafim RA, Andrade LH, Ferreira EI, Serrano SH. Electrochemical characterization of para- and meta-nitro substituents in aqueous media of new antichagasic pharmaceutical leaders. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Manickavasagan A, Ramachandran R, Chen SM, Velluchamy M. Ultrasonic assisted fabrication of silver tungstate encrusted polypyrrole nanocomposite for effective photocatalytic and electrocatalytic applications. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 64:104913. [PMID: 32145518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonication is an emerging and evergreen technique for the efficient synthesis of the catalytically active heterostructured materials. In-situ one-pot ultrasonic-assisted synthesis method was demonstrated in this work for the fabrication of silver tungstate encrusted polypyrrole nanocomposite using semi-automatic ultrasonic probe maintained at 34°C/50 kHz ultrasonic frequency and at 150 W ultrasonic power. This material retains enhanced optical, electrical, morphological properties, photocatalytic behavior in photodegradation of congo red dye, tetracycline drug and its electrochemical sensing potential for the effective determination of a broad spectrum of antibacterial drug, nitrofurazone. Optical properties were investigated using UltraViolet-Visible diffuse reflectance spectral (UV-VIS DRS) data along with Tauc's bandgap energy calculations. The morphological properties were examined using FESEM and TEM micrographs. All the PXRD and XPS details prove the effective distribution of PPy on the surface of Ag2WO4 rods with the help of powerful ultrasonic assistance. PPy acted as a support for nucleation and growth of Ag2WO4 and an inhibitor of phase transformations. Ag2WO4/PPy exhibits great photocatalytic behavior while comparing with pure PPy and Ag2WO4 in the degradation of carcinogenic dye congo red and antibiotic drug tetracycline. In addition to that, Ag2WO4/PPy modified GCE exposed a widespread linear range from 0.1 to 107 µM along with a very low detection limit of 12 nM and huge sensitivity of 1.74 µA µM-1cm-2 in the electrochemical determination of nitrofurazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinaya Manickavasagan
- Department of Chemistry, V. H. N. Senthikumara Nadar College (Autonomous), Virudhunagar, India
| | - Rajakumaran Ramachandran
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan.
| | - Muthuraj Velluchamy
- Department of Chemistry, V. H. N. Senthikumara Nadar College (Autonomous), Virudhunagar, India.
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Wang H, Bo X, Zhou M, Guo L. DUT-67 and tubular polypyrrole formed a cross-linked network for electrochemical detection of nitrofurazone and ornidazole. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1109:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Electrochemical behavior of N-Nitrosodiphenylamine and its determination in synthetic urine samples using a graphite-polyurethane composite electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gan T, Li J, Xu L, Yao Y, Liu Y. Construction of a voltammetric sensor based on MIL-101 hollow cages for electrocatalytic oxidation and sensitive determination of nitrofurazone. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Vosáhlová J, Koláčná L, Daňhel A, Fischer J, Balintová J, Hocek M, Schwarzová-Pecková K, Fojta M. Voltammetric and adsorption study of 4-nitrophenyl-triazole-labeled 2′-deoxycytidine and 7-deazaadenosine nucleosides at boron-doped diamond electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Silva MPGD, Candido ACL, Lins SDL, Aquino TMD, Mendonça FJB, de Abreu FC. Electrochemical investigation of the toxicity of a new nitrocompound and its interaction with β-cyclodextrin and polyamidoamine third-generation. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jida M, Sanchez CP, Urgin K, Ehrhardt K, Mounien S, Geyer A, Elhabiri M, Lanzer M, Davioud-Charvet E. A Redox-Active Fluorescent pH Indicator for Detecting Plasmodium falciparum Strains with Reduced Responsiveness to Quinoline Antimalarial Drugs. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:119-131. [PMID: 28183182 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.5b00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mutational changes in the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT) have been associated with differential responses to a wide spectrum of biologically active compounds including current and former quinoline and quinoline-like antimalarial drugs. PfCRT confers altered drug responsiveness by acting as a transport system, expelling drugs from the parasite's digestive vacuole where these drugs exert, at least part of, their antiplasmodial activity. To preserve the efficacy of these invaluable drugs, novel functional tools are required for epidemiological surveys of parasite strains carrying mutant PfCRT variants and for drug development programs aimed at inhibiting or circumventing the action of PfCRT. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a pH-sensitive fluorescent chloroquine analogue consisting of 7-chloro-N-{2-[(propan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}quinolin-4-amine functionalized with the fluorochrome 7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD) (henceforth termed Fluo-CQ). In the parasite, Fluo-CQ accumulates in the digestive vacuole, giving rise to a strong fluorescence signal but only in parasites carrying the wild type PfCRT. In parasites carrying the mutant PfCRT, Fluo-CQ does not accumulate. The differential handling of the fluorescent probe, combined with live cell imaging, provides a diagnostic tool for quick detection of those P. falciparum strains that carry a PfCRT variant associated with altered responsiveness to quinoline and quinoline-like antimalarial drugs. In contrast to the accumulation studies, chloroquine (CQ)-resistant parasites were observed cross-resistant to Fluo-CQ when the chemical probe was tested in various CQ-sensitive and -resistant parasite strains. NBD derivatives were found to act as redox cyclers of two essential targets, using a coupled assay based on methemoglobin and the NADPH-dependent glutathione reductase (GRs) from P. falciparum. This redox activity is proposed to contribute to the dual action of Fluo-CQ on redox equilibrium and methemoglobin reduction via PfCRT-mediated drug efflux in the cytosol and then continuous redox-dependent shuttling between food vacuole and cytosol. Taking into account these physicochemical characteristics, a model was proposed to explain Fluo-CQ antimalarial effects involving the contribution of PfCRT-mediated transport, methemoglobin reduction, hematin binding, and NBD reduction activity catalyzed by PfGR in CQ-resistant versus CQ-sensitive parasites. Therefore, introduction of NBD fluorophore in drugs is not inert and should be taken into account in drug transport and imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamad Jida
- UMR 7509 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Cecilia P. Sanchez
- Zentrum
für Infektiologie, Parasitologie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karène Urgin
- UMR 7509 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Katharina Ehrhardt
- UMR 7509 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
- Zentrum
für Infektiologie, Parasitologie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saravanan Mounien
- UMR 7509 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurelia Geyer
- UMR 7509 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mourad Elhabiri
- UMR 7509 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michael Lanzer
- Zentrum
für Infektiologie, Parasitologie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Davioud-Charvet
- UMR 7509 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
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Factors influencing voltammetric reduction of 5-nitroquinoline at boron-doped diamond electrodes. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ni Y, Wang P, Kokot S. Voltammetric investigation of DNA damage induced by nitrofurazone and short-lived nitro-radicals with the use of an electrochemical DNA biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 38:245-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lima-Junior CG, Vasconcellos MLAA. Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts: biological activities and potentialities to the discovery of new cheaper drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3954-71. [PMID: 22632793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to present by the first time the Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts (MBHA) as a new class of bioactive compounds and highlight its potentialities to the discovery of new cheaper and efficient drugs. Now, most these compounds can be prepared fast and on a single synthetic step (one-pot reaction) in high yields and using ecofriendly synthetic protocols. We highlight here the aromatic MBHA, which have shown diverse biological activities as anti-Leishmania chagasi and Leishmania amazonensis (parasites that cause cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis), anti-Trypanosoma cruzi (parasite that cause Chagas disease), anti-Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei (parasites that cause malaria), lethal against Biomphalaria glabrata (the snail transmitter of schistosomiasis), antibacterial, antifungal, herbicide and actives against some human tumor cell lines. Understanding of the biological mechanisms of action of this new class of molecules is still in the infancy stage. However, we report here which has been described to date on the possibilities of biological mechanisms of action, and we present new analyzes based on literature in this area. The academic and industrial interest in selecting green and cheaper experiments to the drugs development has been the prime mover of the growth on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio G Lima-Junior
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal da Paraíba (LASOM-PB), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa PB 58059-900, Brazil
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Suryanarayanan V, Noel M. A comparative evaluation on the voltammetric behavior of boron-doped diamond (BDD) and glassy carbon (GC) electrodes in different electrolyte media. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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de Lima-Neto P, Correia AN, Portela RR, Julião MDS, Linhares-Junior GF, de Lima JE. Square wave voltammetric determination of nitrofurantoin in pharmaceutical formulations on highly boron-doped diamond electrodes at different boron-doping contents. Talanta 2010; 80:1730-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pecková K, Musilová J, Barek J. Boron-Doped Diamond Film Electrodes—New Tool for Voltammetric Determination of Organic Substances. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340903011812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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de Toledo RA, Santos MC, Suffredini HB, Homem-de-Mello P, Honorio KM, Mazo LH. DFT and electrochemical studies on nortriptyline oxidation sites. J Mol Model 2009; 15:945-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-009-0451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ribeiro F, Cardoso A, Portela R, Lima J, Machado S, de Lima-Neto P, De Souza D, Correia A. Electroanalytical Determination of Promethazine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Formulations on Highly Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes Using Square-Wave Adsorptive Voltammetry. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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