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Huang R, Liu T, Peng H, Liu J, Liu X, Ding L, Fang Y. Molecular design and architectonics towards film-based fluorescent sensing. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6960-6991. [PMID: 38836431 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00347k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed encouraging progress in the development of high-performance film-based fluorescent sensors (FFSs) for detecting explosives, illicit drugs, chemical warfare agents (CWAs), and hazardous volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), among others. Several FFSs have transitioned from laboratory research to real-world applications, demonstrating their practical relevance. At the heart of FFS technology lies the sensing films, which play a crucial role in determining the analytes and the resulting signals. The selection of sensing fluorophores and the fabrication strategies employed in film construction are key factors that influence the fluorescence properties, active-layer structures, and overall sensing behaviors of these films. This review examines the progress and innovations in the research field of FFSs over the past two decades, focusing on advancements in fluorophore design and active-layer structural engineering. It underscores popular sensing fluorophore scaffolds and the dynamics of excited state processes. Additionally, it delves into six distinct categories of film fabrication technologies and strategies, providing insights into their advantages and limitations. This review further addresses important considerations such as photostability and substrate effects. Concluding with an overview of the field's challenges and prospects, it sheds light on the potential for further development in this burgeoning area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
| | - Haonan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Liping Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, West Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China.
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Anupurath S, Rajaraman V, Gunasekaran S, Krishnan A, Sreedevi SM, Vinod SM, Dakshinamoorthi BM, Rajendran K. Electrochemical Investigation and Molecular Docking Techniques on the Interaction of Acridinedione Dyes with Water-Soluble Nonfluorophoric Simple Amino Acids. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30932-30941. [PMID: 34841136 PMCID: PMC8613813 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical studies of resorcinol-based acridinedione (AD) dyes with nonfluorophoric simple amino acids, glycine, alanine, and valine, were carried out in water. AD probes are classified into photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and non-PET-based dyes, wherein the electrochemical properties and photophysical and photochemical behavior vary significantly based on the nature of substituent groups and the nature of the solute. The oxidation potential of PET dye (ADR1) to that of non-PET-based dye (ADR2) differs significantly such that the addition of amino acids results in a shift of the oxidation peak to a less positive potential and the reduction peak to a lesser negative potential. The extent of shift of oxidation and reduction potential in PET dye is more pronounced than that of non-PET dye on the addition of valine rather than glycine. The variation in the shift is attributed to the presence of an electron-donating moiety (OCH3) group in the ninth position of ADR1 dye. Consequently, the quenching of fluorescence is observed in ADR2 with non fluorophoric amino acids that are authenticated by the shift of the anodic and cathodic peaks toward a lesser positive potential. Molecular docking (MD) studies of PET and non-PET dye with amino acids portray that neither hydrophobic interactions nor electrostatic or weak interactions such as van der Waals and pi-pi interactions govern the electrochemical nature of dye on the addition of amino acids. Furthermore, the formation of a conventional hydrogen bond between dye and amino acid is established from MD studies. The existence of dye-water-amino acid competitive hydrogen-bonding interactions is presumably well-oriented throughout the aqueous phase as observed through photophysical studies which support our electrochemical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Anupurath
- Department
of Chemistry, Anna Adarsh College for Women, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 040, India
| | - Vasanthi Rajaraman
- P.G
and Research Department of Chemistry, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss
Vaishnav College (Autonomous), University
of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 106, India
| | - Shoba Gunasekaran
- Department
of Biotechnology, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600
106, India
| | - Anju Krishnan
- Department
of Chemistry, Anna Adarsh College for Women, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 040, India
| | - Sangeetha Murugan Sreedevi
- P.G
and Research Department of Chemistry, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss
Vaishnav College (Autonomous), University
of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 106, India
| | - Seba Merin Vinod
- P.G
and Research Department of Chemistry, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss
Vaishnav College (Autonomous), University
of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 106, India
| | | | - Kumaran Rajendran
- Department
of Biotechnology, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600
106, India
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Nazar MF, Yasir Siddique M, Saleem MA, Zafar M, Nawaz F, Ashfaq M, Khan AM, Abd Ur Rahman HM, Tahir MB, Mat Lazim A. Fourth-Generation Antibiotic Gatifloxacin Encapsulated by Microemulsions: Structural and Probing Dynamics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:10603-10612. [PMID: 30109940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the increased disease rate, utilization of the versatile broad spectrum antibiotic drugs in controlled drug-delivery systems has been a challenging and complex consignment. However, with the development of microemulsion (μE)-based formulations, drugs can be effectively encapsulated and transferred to the target source. Herein, two biocompatible oil-in-water (o/w) μE formulations comprising clove oil/Tween 20/ethylene glycol/water (formulation A) and clove oil/Tween 20/1-butanol/water (formulation B) were developed for encapsulating the gatifloxacin (GTF), a fourth-generation antibiotic. The pseudoternary phase diagrams were mapped at a constant surfactant/co-surfactant (1:1) ratio to bound the existence of a monophasic isotropic region for as-formulated μEs. Multiple complementary characterization techniques, namely, conductivity (σ), viscosity (η), and optical microscopy analyses, were used to study the gradual changes that occurred in the microstructure of the as-formulated μEs, indicating the presence of a percolation transformation to a bicontinuous permeate flow. GTF showed good solubility, 3.2 wt % at pH 6.2 and 4.0 wt % at pH 6.8, in optimum μE of formulation A and formulation B, respectively. Each loaded μE formulation showed long-term stability over 8 months of storage. Moreover, no observable aggregation of GTF was found, as revealed by scanning transmission electron microscopy and peak-to-peak correlation of IR analysis, indicating the stability of GTF inside the formulation. The average particle size of each μE, measured by dynamic light scattering, increased upon loading GTF, intending the accretion of drug in the interfacial layers of microdomains. Likewise, fluorescence probing sense an interfacial hydrophobic environment to GTF molecules in any of the examined formulations, which may be of significant interest for understanding the kinetics of drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Faisal Nawaz
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities , University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (Faisalabad Campus) , Faisalabad 54890 , Pakistan
| | | | - Asad Muhammad Khan
- Department of Chemistry , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Abbottabad 22060 , Pakistan
| | | | | | - Azwan Mat Lazim
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology , University Kebangsaan Malaysia , Bangi 43600 , Selangor , Malaysia
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Nazar MF, Saleem MA, Bajwa SN, Yameen B, Ashfaq M, Zafar MN, Zubair M. Encapsulation of Antibiotic Levofloxacin in Biocompatible Microemulsion Formulation: Insights from Microstructure Analysis. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:437-443. [PMID: 28006901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b09326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microemulsions (μEs) are unique systems that offer exciting perspectives in biophysical research for mimicing biomembranes at the molecular level. In the present study, biocompatible μE formulation of a new oil-in-water (o/w) system comprising clove oil/Tween 20/2-propanol/water was accomplished for encapsulating an antibiotic, levofloxacin (LVF). The pseudoternary phase diagram was delineated at a constant cosurfactant/surfactant (2:1) ratio to meet the economic feasibility. The gradual changes occurring in the microstructure of the as-formulated four-component μEs were explored via multiple complementary characterization techniques. The results of electrical conductivity (σ), viscosity (η), and optical microscopic measurements suggested the existence of a percolation transition to a bicontinuous structure in the microregions of the as-formulated μE. LVF displayed a high solubility (5.0 wt %) at the pH of 6.9 in an optimum μE formulation comprising 2-propanol (36.4%), Tween 20 (18.2%), clove oil (20.7%), and water (24.7%). The LVF-loaded μE composition showed long-term stability for over 6 months of storage. Fourier transform IR analysis showed that LVF was stable inside the μE formulation, indicating the absence of any possible aggregation of LVF. Dynamic light scattering revealed that the average particle size of drug-free μE (64.5 ± 3.4 nm) increases to 129.7 ± 5.8 nm upon loading of LVF, suggesting the accumulation of LVF in the interfacial layers of the micelles. Moreover, fluorescence measurements indicated that LVF might be localized in the interfacial film of μE system, which may result in a controlled release of drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sana Nawaz Bajwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat , Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Basit Yameen
- Department of Chemistry, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) , Lahore 54790, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat , Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat , Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
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Ilkar Erdagi S, Doganci E, Uyanik C, Yilmaz F. Heterobifunctional poly(ε-caprolactone): Synthesis of α-cholesterol-ω-pyrene PCL via combination of ring-opening polymerization and “click” chemistry. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Chang X, Wang G, Yu C, Wang Y, He M, Fan J, Fang Y. Studies on the photochemical stabilities of some fluorescent films based on pyrene and pyrenyl derivatives. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kong N, Gooding JJ, Liu J. Protein sensors based on reversible π–π stacking on basal plane HOPG electrodes. J Solid State Electrochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-014-2606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zong X, Kong N, Liu J, Yang W, Cao M, Gooding JJ. The Influence of Graphene on the Electrical Communication Through Organic Layers on Graphite and Gold Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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A novel surfactant-like fluorophore and its probing ability to the aggregation of amphiphilic compounds. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gu PY, Lu CJ, Xu QF, Ye GJ, Chen WQ, Duan XM, Wang LH, Lu JM. Star-shaped polymer PFStODO by atom transfer radical polymerization: Its synthesis, characterization, and fluorescence property. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lü F, Fang Y, Blanchard GJ. Probing the microenvironment of surface-attached pyrene formed by a thermo-responsive oligomer. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 74:991-999. [PMID: 19796986 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have constructed a novel molecular assembly attached to quartz, oxidized silicon and indium-doped tin oxide coated substrates, where a tethered pyrene derivative is co-immobilized with oligo-N-isopropyl acrylamide (oligo-NIPAM). The addition of tethered oligo-NIPAM to the adlayer creates two different, temperature-dependent microenvironments for the surface-bound pyrene. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ellipsometry measurements demonstrate the covalent attachment of both oligo-NIPAM and pyrene in our adlayers. Contact angle results confirm the thermo-responsive nature of the oligo-NIPAM on the substrate surface. Steady-state fluorescence data show that the presence of oligo-NIPAM moieties reduces the extent of pyrene excimer formation and provides different environments for the chromophore at temperatures above and below the phase transition. Fluorescence lifetime decay data on surface-bound pyrene are biexponential, consistent with multiple local environments, regardless of whether tethered oligo-NIPAM is present or not. Quenching studies reveal that we can manipulate the sensing properties of this new film simply by adjusting the conformations of oligo-NIPAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Lü
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
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Nazar MF, Khan AM, Shah SS. Microemulsion system with improved loading of piroxicam: a study of microstructure. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:1286-94. [PMID: 19876741 PMCID: PMC2799594 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Formulation of a new oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsion composed of castor oil/Tween 80/ethanol/phosphate buffer for enhancing the loading capacity of an anti-inflammatory drug piroxicam has been accomplished. The pseudo-ternary phase diagram has been delineated at constant surfactant/cosurfactant ratio (1:2). The internal structure of so created four-component system was elucidated by means of an analysis of isotropic area magnitudes in the phase diagram. Conductivity (sigma), kinematic viscosity (keta), and surface tension (gamma) studies with the variation in Phiw (weight fraction of aqueous phase) show the occurrence of structural changes from water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion to oil-in-water (o/w). Along with the solubility and partition studies of piroxicam in microemulsion components, the changes in the microstructure of the microemulsion after incorporation of drug have been evaluated using pH, sigma, gamma, keta, and density studies. Piroxicam, a poorly water-soluble drug displayed high solubility (1.0%) in an optimum microemulsion formulation using ethanol (55.0%), Tween 80 (26.5%), castor oil (7.5%), and phosphate buffer (11.0%). The results have shown that the microemulsion remained stable after the incorporation of piroxicam. Fluorescence spectra analysis taking pyrene as fluorescent probe was performed, and the results showed that pyrene was completely solubilized in the oil phases of the bicontinuous microemulsions. The fluorescence spectrum of the model drug piroxicam was used to probe the intramicellar region of nonionic microemulsion. The results showed that the piroxicam was localized in the interfacial film of microemulsion systems more deeply in the palisade layer with ethanol as the cosurfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asad Muhammad Khan
- />Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
- />Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), 54600 Lahore, Pakistan
- />School of Science and Engineering, LUMS, Opposite U Block, DHA, 54792 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sakhawat Shah
- />Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320 Islamabad, Pakistan
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