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Balamurugan TST, Stelmaszczyk P, Wietecha-Posłuszny R, Poltorak L. Electroanalytical characterization of clozapine at the electrified liquid-liquid interface and its detection in soft and hard drinks. Analyst 2024; 149:2073-2083. [PMID: 38415352 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02188b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Clozapine (CZ) is a prescribed benzodiazepine psychiatric drug that is often possessed as an illicit drug and is associated with drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSA) due to its strong sedative capabilities. Hence, we propose an electrified liquid-liquid interface (eLLI) based transducing element as an alternative electroanalytical platform for rapid screening of CZ in soft and hard drinks which is habitually associated with DFSA crimes. First, molecular partitioning and the effect of chemical composition, pH, and the presence of ethanol in the biphasic configuration of the aqueous phase on the interfacial behaviour and analytical performance of the CZ at the eLLI have been investigated with voltammetry. Next, the electrochemical profiles of various soft and hard drinks were studied at the eLLI. The eLLI-based CZ sensor has shown a broad dynamic range (15-150 μM), lower detection limits (1μM), and adequate reliability towards rapid CZ screening in spiked soft and hard drink samples with reference to the standard chromatographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaraj S T Balamurugan
- Electrochemistry@Soft Interfaces Team, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Paweł Stelmaszczyk
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Electrochemistry@Soft Interfaces Team, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
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Mashita R, Sakae H, Nishiyama Y, Nagatani H. Spectroelectrochemical Analysis of Ion Transfer Mechanisms of Mitoxantrone at Liquid|Liquid Interfaces: Effects of Zwitterionic Dendrimer and Phospholipid Layer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2111-2119. [PMID: 38171364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The ionic partition property and transfer mechanism of the anthraquinone antitumor agent mitoxantrone (MTX) were studied in detail at the water|1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface by means of surface-sensitive spectroelectrochemical techniques. The interfacial mechanism of the cationic MTX species was composed of potential-driven ion transfer and adsorption processes. The ion association between MTX and zwitterionic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers with peripheral carboxy groups was also investigated in terms of the effects of pH and dendritic generation. The monovalent HMTX+ interacted effectively with the negatively charged dendrimers at neutral pH, while the divalent H2MTX2+ exhibited a weak association under acidic conditions. The higher stability of the dendrimer-MTX associates in the interfacial region was found for higher dendritic generations: G3.5 ≥ G2.5 > G1.5. The interfacial behavior of MTX and its dendrimer associates was further analyzed at the phospholipid-modified interface as a model biomembrane surface. The adsorption process of HMTX+ occurred mainly on the hydrophilic side of the phospholipid layer. The spectroelectrochemical results indicated that the dendrimers penetrate into the phospholipid layer and alter the transfer mechanism of HMTX+ across the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuto Mashita
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakae
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nishiyama
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Nagatani
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Takami T, Kanai S, Nishiyama Y, Lee HJ, Nagatani H. Transfer Mechanism of Anthracycline Antibiotics and Their Ion‐Association with PAMAM Dendrimer at Liquid|Liquid Interfaces. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshinari Takami
- Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology: Kanazawa Daigaku Daigakuin Shizen Kagaku Kenkyuka Division of Material Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Shohei Kanai
- Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology: Kanazawa Daigaku Daigakuin Shizen Kagaku Kenkyuka Division of Material Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Yoshio Nishiyama
- Kanazawa University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology: Kanazawa Daigaku Daigakuin Shizen Kagaku Kenkyuka Division of Material Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Kyungpook National University Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Hirohisa Nagatani
- Kanazawa University Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering Kakuma 920-1192 Kanazawa JAPAN
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Kowalewska K, Rodriguez-Prieto T, Skrzypek S, Cano J, Ramírez RG, Poltorak L. Electroanalytical study of five carbosilane dendrimers at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. Analyst 2021; 146:1376-1385. [PMID: 33403382 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02101f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work is focused on the electroanalytical study of a family of five imidazolium-terminated carbosilane dendrimers (from generation G1 to G3) at the polarized liquid-liquid interface formed between water and 1,2-dichloroethane solutions. All dendrimers with permanently and positively charged imidazolium groups located at the periphery within the branched carbosilane core were found to be electrochemically active. Based on the concentration and scan rate dependencies we have concluded that these molecules undergo interfacial ion transfer processes accompanied by interfacial adsorption/desorption rather than the electrochemically induced interfacial formation of the macromolecule-anion (tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate) from the organic phase complex. Also, we report several physicochemical and electroanalytical parameters (e.g. diffusion coefficients, LODs, and detection sensitivities) for the studied family of dendrimers. Our work aims to contribute to the understating of the interaction between branched macromolecules and biomimetic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kowalewska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Electroanalysis and Electrochemistry Group, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland.
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Susan Bagheri, Gholami M, Nazari S. Performance Evaluation of Tannic Acid Removal by Nano Polyamidoamine Dendrimer from Aqueous Solution. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x20050033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sakae H, Toda Y, Yokoyama T. Electrochemical behavior of ferritin at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane interface. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Nagatani H, Fujisawa M, Imura H. Mechanistic Analysis of Ion Association between Dendrigraft Poly-l-lysine and 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate at Liquid|Liquid Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:3237-3243. [PMID: 29457910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular association between biocompatible dendritic polymers, dendrigraft poly-l-lysines (DGLs), and an anionic fluorescent probe, 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS-), was studied at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface. The fluorescence intensity of ANS measured in aqueous solution was enhanced by the coexistence of DGLs over a wide pH range (2 < pH < 10), where ANS and DGL exist as a monoanionic form and a polycation, respectively. The voltammetric responses indicated that the positively charged DGLs were adsorbed at the water|DCE interface, whereas ANS- was transferred across the interface accompanied by the adsorption process. The interfacial behavior of the DGL-ANS associates was analyzed by potential-modulated fluorescence (PMF) spectroscopy. The PMF results demonstrated that the ion association between DGLs and ANS at the water|DCE interface is strongly affected by the applied potential and the dendritic generation of DGL. By applying appropriate potentials, the ANS anion was dissociated from its ion associate with DGLs at the interface and transferred into the organic phase, whereas DGLs remained in the aqueous phase. The Gibbs free energy of ion association (Δ GD···ANS) was estimated for the second-fourth generation DGLs (DGL-G2-G4) and the G4 polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer as a control. The highest stability of the DGL-G4-ANS associate manifested itself through Δ GD···ANS: DGL-G4-ANS (>G4 PAMAM dendrimer-ANS) > DGL-G3-ANS > DGL-G2-ANS. The results elucidated the efficient anion-binding ability of higher generation DGLs and its potential dependence at the liquid|liquid interface.
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Poltorak L, Sudhölter EJ, de Smet LC. Effect of charge of quaternary ammonium cations on lipophilicity and electroanalytical parameters: Task for ion transfer voltammetry. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Sakae H, Fujisawa M, Nagatani H, Imura H. Molecular association between flavin derivatives and dendritic polymers at the water|1,2-dichloroethane interface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Ion transfer and adsorption behavior of ionizable drugs affected by PAMAM dendrimers at the water|1,2- dichloroethane interface. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Poltorak L, Morakchi K, Herzog G, Walcarius A. Electrochemical characterization of liquid-liquid micro-interfaces modified with mesoporous silica. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Nagatani H, Sakae H, Torikai T, Sagara T, Imura H. Photoinduced Electron Transfer of PAMAM Dendrimer-Zinc(II) Porphyrin Associates at Polarized Liquid|Liquid Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6237-6244. [PMID: 25989445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous photoinduced electron-transfer reaction of the ion associates between NH2-terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato zinc(II) (ZnTPPS(4-)) was studied at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface. The positive photocurrent arising from the photoreduction of ZnTPPS(4-) by a lipophilic quencher, decamethylferrocene, in the interfacial region was significantly enhanced by the ion association with the PAMAM dendrimers. The photocurrent response of the dendrimer-ZnTPPS(4-) associates was dependent on the pH condition and on the generation of dendrimer. A few cationic additives such as polyallylamine and n-octyltrimethyammonium were also examined as alternatives to the PAMAM dendrimer, but the magnitude of the photocurrent enhancement was rather small. The high photoreactivity of the dendrimer-ZnTPPS(4-) associates was interpreted mainly as a result of the high interfacial concentration of photoreactive porphyrin units associated stably with the dendrimer which was preferably adsorbed at the polarized water|DCE interface. The photochemical data observed in the second and fourth generation PAMAM dendrimer systems demonstrated that the higher generation dendrimer which can incorporate a porphyrin molecule more completely in the interior is less efficient for the photocurrent enhancement at the interface. These results indicated that the photoreactivity of ionic reactant at a polarized liquid|liquid interface can readily be modified via ion association with the charged dendrimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Nagatani
- †Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- §Department of Materials Engineering and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology and ∥Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakae
- †Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- §Department of Materials Engineering and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology and ∥Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Taishi Torikai
- †Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- §Department of Materials Engineering and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology and ∥Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sagara
- †Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- §Department of Materials Engineering and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology and ∥Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hisanori Imura
- †Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- §Department of Materials Engineering and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology and ∥Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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Sakae H, Nagatani H, Morita K, Imura H. Spectroelectrochemical characterization of dendrimer-porphyrin associates at polarized liquid|liquid interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:937-945. [PMID: 24397699 DOI: 10.1021/la404079m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular encapsulation of anionic porphyrins in NH2-terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers and the interfacial behavior of the dendrimer-porphyrin associates were studied at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) interface. Formation of the ion associates was significantly dependent on the pH condition and on generation of dendrimers. 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (ZnTPPS(4-)) associated with the positively charged fourth-generation (G4) PAMAM dendrimer was highly stabilized in acidic aqueous solution without protolytic demetalation in a wide range of pH values (pH > 2). In contrast to the zinc(II) complex, the free base porphyrin (H2TPPS(4-)) was readily protonated under acidic conditions even in the presence of the dendrimers. In addition, the J-aggregates of diprotonated species, (H4TPPS(2-))n, were preferably formed on the dendrimer. The interfacial mechanism of the dendrimer-porphyrin associates was analyzed in detail by potential-modulated fluorescence (PMF) spectroscopy. PMF results indicated that the dendrimers incorporating porphyrin molecules were transferred across the positively polarized water|DCE interface via adsorption step, whereas the transfer responses of the porphyrin ions released from the dendrimers were observed at negatively polarized conditions. A negative shift of the transfer potential of porphyrin ions compared to the intrinsic transfer potential was apparently observed for each ion association system. The ion association stability between the dendrimer and the porphyrin molecules could be estimated from a negative shift of the transfer potential. ZnTPPS(4-) exhibited relatively strong interaction with the higher generation dendrimer, whereas H2TPPS(4-) was less effectively associated with the dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sakae
- Division of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology and ‡Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University , Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Spiral nanoporous gold electrode: A simple strategy for enhancing the attenuated-total-reflection infrared spectroelectrochemical sensitivity. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Herzog G, Flynn S, Johnson C, Arrigan DW. Electroanalytical Behavior of Poly-l-Lysine Dendrigrafts at the Interface between Two Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions. Anal Chem 2012; 84:5693-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300856w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Herzog
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shane Flynn
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colm Johnson
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Cork, Ireland
| | - Damien W.M. Arrigan
- Nanochemistry Research Institute,
Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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Wang J, Li CQ, An N, Yang Y. Synthesis and Demulsification of Two Lower Generation Hyperbranched Polyether Surfactants. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2011.644879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
The main aspects related to the charge transfer reactions occurring at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) are described. The particular topics to be discussed involve simple ion transfer. Focus is given on theoretical approaches, numerical simulations, and experimental methodologies. Concerning the theoretical procedures, different computational simulations related to simple ion transfer are reviewed. The main conclusions drawn from the most accepted models are described and analyzed in regard to their relevance for explaining different aspects of ion transfer. We describe numerical simulations implementing different approaches for solving the differential equations associated with the mass transport and charge transfer. These numerical simulations are correlated with selected experimental results; their usefulness in designing new experiments is summarized. Finally, many practical applications can be envisaged regarding the determination of physicochemical properties, electroanalysis, drug lipophilicity, and phase-transfer catalysis.
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González-Fuentes MA, Manríquez J, Antaño-López R, Godínez LA. Kinetic and thermodynamic study of the transfer of anionic polyamidoamine dendrimers across two immiscible liquids. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nagatani H, Sakamoto T, Torikai T, Sagara T. Encapsulation of anilinonaphthalenesulfonates in carboxylate-terminated PAMAM dendrimer at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:17686-17694. [PMID: 20939496 DOI: 10.1021/la1032477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular encapsulation of water-soluble anionic fluorescent dye molecules, 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS), and its bimolecular derivative (bis-ANS), in the generation 3.5 polyamidoamine (G3.5 PAMAM) dendrimer was investigated in the bulk aqueous phase and at the polarized water|1,2-dichloroethane interface. ANS(-) was electrostatically incorporated in the dendrimer, and the fluorescence enhancement with a blue shift of the emission maximum was observed at pH values <6, where the interior of the dendrimer was positively charged. The fluorescence enhancement of ANS was maximized around pH 3 and then decreased under more acidic conditions. The potential dependences of the molecular encapsulation and the interfacial mechanism were studied in detail by means of potential modulated fluorescence (PMF) spectroscopy. Under acidic conditions, the dendrimer incorporated ANS(-) at the positively polarized interface as well as in the aqueous phase. ANS(-) was released from the dendrimer at the intrinsic transfer potential and independently transferred across the interface. Bis-ANS exhibited relatively strong interaction with the dendrimer over a wide pH range (1 < pH < 8), and a negative shift of the transfer potential was observed under the corresponding pH condition. The PMF analysis clearly demonstrated that the interfacial mechanism of the dendrimer involves transfer and adsorption processes depending on the pH condition and the Galvani potential difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Nagatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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The immobilization of Cytochrome c on MWNT–PAMAM–Chit nanocomposite incorporated with DNA biocomposite film modified glassy carbon electrode for the determination of nitrite. J Solid State Electrochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-010-1010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Electrochemically driven transfer of carboxyl-terminated PAMAM dendrimers at the water/dichloroethane interface. Electrochem commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Méndez MA, Su B, Girault HH. Voltammetry for surface-active ions at polarisable liquid|liquid interfaces. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Perera JM, Stevens GW. Spectroscopic studies of molecular interaction at the liquid–liquid interface. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:1019-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Scanlon MD, Jennings E, Arrigan DWM. Electrochemical behaviour of hen-egg-white lysozyme at the polarised water/1, 2-dichloroethane interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:2272-80. [DOI: 10.1039/b815589e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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