Effect of polymerization potential on the actuation of free standing poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene films in a propylene carbonate electrolyte

Electro-chemo-mechanical deformation properties of polypyrrole/dodecylbenzenesulfate linear actuators in aqueous and organic electrolyte

The immobilization of dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS⁻) in polypyrrole (PPy) during electropolymerization is typically expected to lead to cation-driven activity. Here we demonstrate that the actuation direction changed by using same electrolyte but different solvent.

Electrospun rubber fibre mats with electrochemically controllable pore sizes

Electroactive, elastomeric, microfiber mats that show controllable pore size variation upon electrochemical stimulation are produced from semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (s-IPNs).

Intrinsically conducting polymer nanowires for biosensing

The fabrication of conductive polymer nanowires and their sensing of nucleic acids, proteins and pathogens is reviewed in this feature article.

Pitfalls and Experimental Issues in Measuring Ion Flux from Actuating Conducting Polymers Using Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy

We discuss experimental issues associated with a novel operating mode of scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM). This mode characterizes the ion fluxes that emanate from conducting polymers (CPs) as they actuate, important for understanding CP applications ranging from artificial muscles to micropumps. The CP studied is a thin film of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) actuated out of plane. We outline the design principles underpinning our CP ion flux measurements and discuss experimental complications that arose - most notably a baseline current that may be attributable to a spatially varying CP oxidation state. We discuss the dependence of this baseline ion flux current on the separation distance between SICM tip and CP film, substrate type and substrate area.