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Nagahara S, Okada Y, Kitano Y, Chiba K. Biphasic electrochemical peptide synthesis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12911-12917. [PMID: 34745521 PMCID: PMC8513919 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The large amount of waste derived from coupling reagents is a serious drawback of peptide synthesis from a green chemistry viewpoint. To overcome this issue, we report an electrochemical peptide synthesis in a biphasic system. Anodic oxidation of triphenylphosphine (Ph3P) generates a phosphine radical cation, which serves as the coupling reagent to activate carboxylic acids, and produces triphenylphosphine oxide (Ph3P
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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O) as a stoichiometric byproduct. In combination with a soluble tag-assisted liquid-phase peptide synthesis, the selective recovery of desired peptides and Ph3PO was achieved. Given that methods to reduce Ph3PO to Ph3P have been reported, Ph3PO could be a recyclable byproduct unlike byproducts from typical coupling reagents. Moreover, a commercial peptide active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), leuprorelin, was successfully synthesized without the use of traditional coupling reagents. The large amount of waste derived from coupling reagents is a serious drawback of peptide synthesis from a green chemistry viewpoint.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nagahara
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 3-5-8- Saiwai-cho Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 3-5-8- Saiwai-cho Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kitano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 3-5-8- Saiwai-cho Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 3-5-8- Saiwai-cho Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
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OKADA Y. Redox-Neutral Radical-Cation Reactions: Multiple Carbon–Carbon Bond Formations Enabled by Single-Electron Transfer. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.20-00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei OKADA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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3
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Imada Y, Shida N, Okada Y, Chiba K. A Novel Thermomorphic System for Electrocatalytic Diels‐Alder Reactions. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Imada
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3‐5‐8 Saiwai‐cho, Fuchu Tokyo 183‐8509 Japan
| | - Naoki Shida
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3‐5‐8 Saiwai‐cho, Fuchu Tokyo 183‐8509 Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2‐24‐16 Naka‐cho, Koganei Tokyo 184‐8588 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3‐5‐8 Saiwai‐cho, Fuchu Tokyo 183‐8509 Japan
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4
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Okada Y, Yamaguchi Y, Chiba K. Substitution Pattern‐Selective Olefin Cross‐Couplings. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
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5
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Okada Y. “Snapshots” of Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Redox Tag-Guided [2 + 2] Cycloadditions. J Org Chem 2018; 84:1882-1886. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Nagahara S, Wakamatsu H, Okada Y, Chiba K. Photocatalytic Cycloadditions Enabled by a Lithium Perchlorate/Nitromethane Electrolyte Solution. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nagahara
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu 183-8509 Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroki Wakamatsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu 183-8509 Tokyo Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei 184-8588 Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu 183-8509 Tokyo Japan
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Kärkäs MD. Electrochemical strategies for C-H functionalization and C-N bond formation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:5786-5865. [PMID: 29911724 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 588] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for carrying out carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation are typically conducted at elevated temperatures, and rely on expensive catalysts as well as the use of stoichiometric, and perhaps toxic, oxidants. In this regard, electrochemical synthesis has recently been recognized as a sustainable and scalable strategy for the construction of challenging carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Here, electrosynthesis has proven to be an environmentally benign, highly effective and versatile platform for achieving a wide range of nonclassical bond disconnections via generation of radical intermediates under mild reaction conditions. This review provides an overview on the use of anodic electrochemical methods for expediting the development of carbon-hydrogen functionalization and carbon-nitrogen bond formation strategies. Emphasis is placed on methodology development and mechanistic insight and aims to provide inspiration for future synthetic applications in the field of electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Okada Y, Chiba K. Redox-Tag Processes: Intramolecular Electron Transfer and Its Broad Relationship to Redox Reactions in General. Chem Rev 2017; 118:4592-4630. [PMID: 29218989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Explosive growth in the use of open shell reactivity, including neutral radicals and radical ions, in the field of synthetic organic chemistry has been observed in the past decade, particularly since the advent of ruthenium complexes in 2008. These complexes generally induce single-electron transfer (SET) processes via visible-light absorption. Additionally, recent significant advancements in organic electrochemistry involving SET processes to provide open shell reactivity offer a complementary method to traditional polarity-driven reactions described by two-electron transfer processes. In this Review, we highlight the importance of intramolecular SET processes in the field of synthetic organic chemistry, which seem to be more elusive than the intermolecular versions, since they are net redox-neutral and thus cannot simply be regarded as oxidations or reductions. Such intramolecular SET processes can rationally be understood in combination with concomitant bond formations and/or cleavages, and are regulated by a structural motif that we call a "redox tag." In order to describe modern radical-driven reactions involving SET processes, we focus on a classical formalism in which electrons are treated as particles rather than waves, which offers a practical yet powerful approach to explain and/or predict synthetic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Naka-cho , Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho , Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509 , Japan
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Yamaguchi Y, Okada Y, Chiba K. Understanding the Reactivity of Enol Ether Radical Cations: Investigation of Anodic Four-Membered Carbon Ring Formation. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2626-38. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3028246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied
Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu,
Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Applied
Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu,
Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied
Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu,
Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Okada Y, Kamimura K, Chiba K. Cycloalkane-based thermomorphic systems for organic electrochemistry: an application to Kolbe-coupling. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Okada Y, Chiba K. Intermolecular Olefin Cross-Metathesis Initiated by the Umpolung of Enol Ethers. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2012. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.70.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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Li XX, Zhu LL, Zhou W, Chen Z. Formal intermolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of allenamide [corrected] with alkenes via gold catalysis. Org Lett 2011; 14:436-9. [PMID: 22201372 DOI: 10.1021/ol202703a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method was developed to construct the densely functionalized cyclobutane[corrected] adducts through formal intermolecular cycloaddition of allenamides [corrected] with electron-rich olefins via gold catalysis, in which vinyl ethers/amides and electron-rich styrenes worked very well. In addition, a series of allenamide [corrected] dimerization products were prepared from the same allenamide [corrected] substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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13
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Okada Y, Yamaguchi Y, Chiba K. Efficient Intermolecular Carbon-Carbon Bond-Formation Reactions Assisted by Surface-Condensed Electrodes. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Okada Y, Yoshioka T, Koike M, Chiba K. Heterogeneous continuous flow synthetic system using cyclohexane-based multiphase electrolyte solutions. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Okada Y, Nishimoto A, Akaba R, Chiba K. Electron-Transfer-Induced Intermolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions Based on the Aromatic “Redox Tag” Strategy. J Org Chem 2011; 76:3470-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200490q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okada
- Department of Applied Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Asaki Nishimoto
- Department of Applied Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Akaba
- Department of Chemistry, Gunma College of Technology, 580 Toriba-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Electron transfer-induced four-membered cyclic intermediate formation: Olefin cross-coupling vs. olefin cross-metathesis. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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