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Li T, Ciampi S, Darwish N. The Surface Potential of Zero Charge Controls the Kinetics of Diazonium Salts Electropolymerization. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiexin Li
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
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2
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Wu T, Brooksby PA, Fitchett CM, Downard AJ. Immobilisation of Iron Porphyrin from an Equilibrium Solution with Diazonium‐Functionalised Axial Ligand: Dependence of Film Composition on Grafting Potential. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Paula A. Brooksby
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Christopher M. Fitchett
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
| | - Alison J. Downard
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
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3
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Gross AJ, Tanaka S, Colomies C, Giroud F, Nishina Y, Cosnier S, Tsujimura S, Holzinger M. Diazonium Electrografting
vs
. Physical Adsorption of Azure A at Carbon Nanotubes for Mediated Glucose Oxidation with FAD‐GDH. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Gross
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM) Univ. Grenoble Alpes – CNRS 570 rue de la Chimie 38041 Grenoble France
| | - Shunya Tanaka
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM) Univ. Grenoble Alpes – CNRS 570 rue de la Chimie 38041 Grenoble France
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Science University of Tsukuba 1-1-1, Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-5358 Japan
| | - Clara Colomies
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM) Univ. Grenoble Alpes – CNRS 570 rue de la Chimie 38041 Grenoble France
| | - Fabien Giroud
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM) Univ. Grenoble Alpes – CNRS 570 rue de la Chimie 38041 Grenoble France
| | - Yuta Nishina
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences Okayama University 3-1-1, Tsushimanaka Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Serge Cosnier
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM) Univ. Grenoble Alpes – CNRS 570 rue de la Chimie 38041 Grenoble France
| | - Seiya Tsujimura
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Science University of Tsukuba 1-1-1, Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-5358 Japan
| | - Michael Holzinger
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM) Univ. Grenoble Alpes – CNRS 570 rue de la Chimie 38041 Grenoble France
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4
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Bangle R, Sampaio RN, Troian-Gautier L, Meyer GJ. Surface Grafting of Ru(II) Diazonium-Based Sensitizers on Metal Oxides Enhances Alkaline Stability for Solar Energy Conversion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:3121-3132. [PMID: 29272096 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The electrografting of [Ru(ttt)(tpy-C6H4-N2+)]3+, where "ttt" is 4,4',4″-tri-tert-butyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine, was investigated on several wide band gap metal oxide surfaces (TiO2, SnO2, ZrO2, ZnO, In2O3:Sn) and compared to structurally analogous sensitizers that differed only by the anchoring group, i.e., -PO3H2 and -COOH. An optimized procedure for diazonium electrografting to semiconductor metal oxides is presented that allowed surface coverages that ranged between 4.7 × 10-8 and 10.6 × 10-8 mol cm-2 depending on the nature of the metal oxide. FTIR analysis showed the disappearance of the diazonium stretch at 2266 cm-1 after electrografting. XPS analysis revealed a characteristic peak of Ru 3d at 285 eV as well as a peak at 531.6 eV that was attributed to O 1s in Ti-O-C bonds. Photocurrents were measured to assess electron injection efficiency of these modified surfaces. The electrografted sensitizers exhibited excellent stability across a range of pHs spanning from 1 to 14, where classical binding groups such as carboxylic and phosphonic derivatives were hydrolyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bangle
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Renato N Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Mano
- CNRS, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France
- University of Bordeaux, CRPP, UPR 8641, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Anne de Poulpiquet
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, BIP, 31, chemin Aiguier, 13402 Marseille, France
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6
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Ghasemi E, Alimardani E, Shams E, Koohmareh GA. Modification of glassy carbon electrode with iron-terpyridine complex and iron-terpyridine complex covalently bonded to ordered mesoporous carbon substrate: Preparation, electrochemistry and application to H 2 O 2 determination. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Groppi J, Bartlett PN, Kilburn JD. Toward the Control of the Creation of Mixed Monolayers on Glassy Carbon Surfaces by Amine Oxidation. Chemistry 2016; 22:1030-6. [PMID: 26637108 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A versatile and simple methodology for the creation of mixed monolayers on glassy carbon (GC) surfaces was developed, using an osmium-bipyridyl complex and anthraquinone as model redox probes. The work consisted in the electrochemical grafting on GC of a mixture of mono-protected diamine linkers in varying ratios which, after attachment to the surface, allowed orthogonal deprotection. After optimisation of the deprotection conditions, it was possible to remove one of the protecting groups selectively, couple a suitable osmium complex and cap the residual free amines. The removal of the second protecting group allowed the coupling of anthraquinone. The characterisation of the resulting surfaces by cyclic voltammetry showed the variation of the surface coverage of the two redox centres in relation to the initial ratio of the linking amine in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Groppi
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Philip N Bartlett
- Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Jeremy D Kilburn
- King's College, The University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK.
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8
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Berisha A, Chehimi M, Pinson J, Podvorica F. Electrode Surface Modification Using Diazonium Salts. ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY: A SERIES OF ADVANCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1201/b19196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Kumar R, Leech D. Immobilisation of Alkylamine-Functionalised Osmium Redox Complex on Glassy Carbon using Electrochemical Oxidation. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Ghilane J, Hauquier F, Lacroix JC. Oxidative and Stepwise Grafting of Dopamine Inner-Sphere Redox Couple onto Electrode Material: Electron Transfer Activation of Dopamine. Anal Chem 2013; 85:11593-601. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402994u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Ghilane
- Nano-Electro-Chemistry group, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue Jean-Antoine
de Baïf, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Hauquier
- Analyse chimique et bioanalyse, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 292 rue St Martin, 75003 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lacroix
- Nano-Electro-Chemistry group, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue Jean-Antoine
de Baïf, 75205 Paris, France
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11
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Lillethorup M, Torbensen K, Ceccato M, Pedersen SU, Daasbjerg K. Electron transport through a diazonium-based initiator layer to covalently attached polymer brushes of ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:13595-13604. [PMID: 24144237 DOI: 10.1021/la402535u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A versatile method based on electrografting of aryldiazonium salts was used to introduce covalently attached initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) on glassy carbon surfaces. Polymer brushes of ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate were prepared from the surface-attached initiators, and these films were thoroughly analyzed using various techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), ellipsometry, and electrochemistry. Of particular interest was the electrochemical characterization of the electron transfer through the diazonium-based initiator layer to the redox centers in the polymer brush films. It was found that the apparent rate constant of electron transfer decreases exponentially with the dry-state thickness of this layer. To investigate the electron transfer in the brushes themselves, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was applied, thereby allowing the effect from the initiator layer to be excluded. The unusual transition feature of the approach curves recorded suggests that an initial fast charge transfer to the outermost-situated ferrocenyl groups is followed by a slower electron transport involving the neighboring redox units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Lillethorup
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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12
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COATES MEGAN, NYOKONG TEBELLO. X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND SCANNING ELECTROCHEMICAL MICROSCOPY STUDIES OF BRANCHED MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBE PAPER MODIFIED BY ELECTROCHEMICAL GRAFTING AND CLICK CHEMISTRY. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x13500178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Modification of nanomaterials through electrochemical grafting is a useful approach to introduce linking groups on to the surface of these structures. This work shows the possibility of applying electrochemical grafting to branched multiwalled carbon nanotube paper with an electrical resistance of 0.1 ohm-cm, and subsequent reaction of the grafted 4-azidobenzenediazonium with ethynylferrocene through the Sharpless click chemistry reaction. A comparison is made between this paper electrode and adsorbed single-walled carbon nanotubes on a glassy carbon electrode, with electrochemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electrochemical microscopy used for characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- MEGAN COATES
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - TEBELLO NYOKONG
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Ghilane J, Lacroix JC. Formation of a Bifunctional Redox System Using Electrochemical Reduction of Platinum in Ferrocene Based Ionic Liquid and Its Reactivity with Aryldiazonium. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4722-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja310889z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Ghilane
- Nano-Electro-Chemistry Group, Université
Paris
Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue
Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lacroix
- Nano-Electro-Chemistry Group, Université
Paris
Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue
Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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14
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Chernyy S, Bousquet A, Torbensen K, Iruthayaraj J, Ceccato M, Pedersen SU, Daasbjerg K. Elucidation of the mechanism of redox grafting of diazotated anthraquinone. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:9573-9582. [PMID: 22686253 DOI: 10.1021/la301391s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Redox grafting of aryldiazonium salts containing redox units may be used to form exceptionally thick covalently attached conducting films, even in the micrometers range, in a controlled manner on glassy carbon and gold substrates. With the objective to investigate the mechanism of this process in detail, 1-anthraquinone (AQ) redox units were immobilized on these substrates by electroreduction of 9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-1-diazonium tetrafluoroborate. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance was employed to follow the grafting process during a cyclic voltammetric sweep by recording the frequency change. The redox grafting is shown to have two mass gain regions/phases: an irreversible one due to the addition of AQ units to the substrate/film and a reversible one due to the association of cations from the supporting electrolyte with the AQ radical anions formed during the sweeping process. Scanning electrochemical microscopy was used to study the relationship between the conductivity of the film and the charging level of the AQ redox units in the grafted film. For that purpose, approach curves were recorded at a platinum ultramicroelectrode for AQ-containing films on gold and glassy carbon surfaces using the ferro/ferricyanide redox system as redox probe. It is concluded that the film growth has its origin in electron transfer processes occurring through the layer mediated by the redox moieties embedded in the organic film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Chernyy
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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15
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Nickel (II) tetraphenylporphyrin modified surfaces via electrografting of an aryldiazonium salt. Electrochem commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2011.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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