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Tang Z, Xu S, Yin N, Yang Y, Deng Q, Shen J, Zhang X, Wang T, He H, Lin X, Zhou Y, Zou Z. Reaction Site Designation by Intramolecular Electric Field in Tröger's-Base-Derived Conjugated Microporous Polymer for Near-Unity Selectivity of CO 2 Photoconversion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210693. [PMID: 36760097 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To facilitate solar-driven overall CO2 and H2 O convsersion into fuels and O2 , a series of covalent microporous polymers derived from Tröger's base are synthesized featuring flexural backbone and unusual charge-transfer properties. The incorporation of rigid structural twist Tröger's base unit grants the polymers enhanced microporosity and CO2 adsorption/activation capacity. Density function theory calculations and photo-electrochemical analyses reveal that an electric dipole moment (from negative to positive) directed to the Tröger's base unit is formed across two obliquely opposed molecular fragments and induces an intramolecular electric field. The Tröger's base unit located at folding point becomes an electron trap to attract photogenerated electrons in the molecular network, which brings about suppression of carrier recombination and designates the reaction site in synergy with the conjugated network. In response to the discrepancy in reaction pathways across the reaction sites, the product allocation in the catalytic reaction is thereby regulated. Optimally, CMP-nTB achieves the highest photocatalytic CO production of 163.53 µmol g-1 h-1 with approximately unity selectivity, along with H2 O oxidation to O2 in the absence of any photosensitizer or co-catalyst. This work provides new insight for developing specialized artificial organic photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Nan Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jinyou Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Huichao He
- Institute of Environmental Energy Materials and Intelligent Devices, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engnieering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Zou
- Eco-Materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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Electrodeposition and Characterization of Conducting Polymer Films Obtained from Carbazole and 2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)acetic Acid. ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem3020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation of electrolyte solutions containing carbazole (Cz) and 2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)acetic acid (CzA) monomers was performed in acetonitrile solutions. Different Cz and CzA feed ratios were used to electrodeposit solid polymer films of various compositions, and to study the influence of the monomer ratio on the physicochemical properties (electroactivity, topography, adhesion, stiffness, wettability) of the polymer films. Thus, electrochemical oxidation led to the deposition of a solid film of micrometric thickness, but only for the solutions containing at least 30% of Cz. The proportion of Cz and CzA in the electrodeposited polymer films has little impact on the adhesion strength values measured by AFM. On the contrary, this proportion significantly modifies the stiffness of the films. Indeed, the stiffness of the polymer films varies from 9 to 24 GPa depending on the monomer ratio, which is much lower than the value obtained for unmodified polycarbazole (64 GPa). This leads to the absence of cracks in the films, which all have a fairly homogeneous globular structure. Moreover, among the different polymer films obtained, those prepared from 70:30 and 50:50 ratios in Cz:CzA monomer solutions seem to be the most interesting because these green films are conductive, thick, low in stiffness, do not show cracks and are resistant to prolonged immersion in water.
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den Hartog S, Neukermans S, Samanipour M, Ching HV, Breugelmans T, Hubin A, Ustarroz J. Electrocatalysis under a magnetic lens: A combined electrochemistry and electron paramagnetic resonance review. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Guzel M, Celik E, Kart SO, Tasli PT, Karatas E, Ak M. Experimental and theoretical investigation of the substitution effects on N-substituted carbazole derivatives functionalized with azomethine bonds. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Low band gap donor-acceptor-donor compounds containing carbazole and naphthalene diimide units: Synthesis, electropolymerization and spectroelectrochemical behaviour. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Drewniak A, Tomczyk MD, Knop K, Walczak KZ, Ledwon P. Multiple Redox States and Multielectrochromism of Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers with Aromatic Diimide Pendant Groups. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Drewniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mateusz D. Tomczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Karol Knop
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Z. Walczak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Ledwon
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Pander P, Swist A, Zassowski P, Soloducho J, Lapkowski M, Data P. Electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of polymers based on D-A-D and D-D-D bis(N-carbazolyl) monomers, effect of the donor/acceptor core on their properties. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Kozlov OV, Liu X, Luponosov YN, Solodukhin AN, Toropynina VY, Min J, Buzin MI, Peregudova SM, Brabec CJ, Ponomarenko SA, Pshenichnikov MS. Triphenylamine-Based Push-Pull Molecule for Photovoltaic Applications: From Synthesis to Ultrafast Device Photophysics. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2017; 121:6424-6435. [PMID: 28413568 PMCID: PMC5388901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Small push-pull molecules attract much attention as prospective donor materials for organic solar cells (OSCs). By chemical engineering, it is possible to combine a number of attractive properties such as broad absorption, efficient charge separation, and vacuum and solution processabilities in a single molecule. Here we report the synthesis and early time photophysics of such a molecule, TPA-2T-DCV-Me, based on the triphenylamine (TPA) donor core and dicyanovinyl (DCV) acceptor end group connected by a thiophene bridge. Using time-resolved photoinduced absorption and photoluminescence, we demonstrate that in blends with [70]PCBM the molecule works both as an electron donor and hole acceptor, thereby allowing for two independent channels of charge generation. The charge-generation process is followed by the recombination of interfacial charge transfer states that takes place on the subnanosecond time scale as revealed by time-resolved photoluminescence and nongeminate recombination as follows from the OSC performance. Our findings demonstrate the potential of TPA-DCV-based molecules as donor materials for both solution-processed and vacuum-deposited OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V. Kozlov
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- International Laser Center and Faculty
of Physics and Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuriy N. Luponosov
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials and Nesmeyanov Institute
of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy
of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N. Solodukhin
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials and Nesmeyanov Institute
of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy
of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victoria Y. Toropynina
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials and Nesmeyanov Institute
of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy
of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Jie Min
- Institute
of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mikhail I. Buzin
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials and Nesmeyanov Institute
of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy
of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana M. Peregudova
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials and Nesmeyanov Institute
of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy
of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Institute
of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian Center
for Applied
Energy Research (ZAE Bayern), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sergei A. Ponomarenko
- International Laser Center and Faculty
of Physics and Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials and Nesmeyanov Institute
of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy
of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim S. Pshenichnikov
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Pander P, Data P, Turczyn R, Lapkowski M, Swist A, Soloducho J, Monkman A. Synthesis and characterization of chalcogenophene-based monomers with pyridine acceptor unit. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.05.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Ates M, Uludag N. Carbazole derivative synthesis and their electropolymerization. J Solid State Electrochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Data P, Zassowski P, Lapkowski M, Grazulevicius J, Kukhta N, Reghu R. Electrochromic behaviour of triazine based ambipolar compounds. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.01.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Laba K, Data P, Zassowski P, Karon K, Lapkowski M, Wagner P, Officer DL, Wallace GG. Electrochemically Induced Synthesis of Poly(2,6-carbazole). Macromol Rapid Commun 2015. [PMID: 26218573 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The formation of a poly(2,6-carbazole) derivative during an electrochemical polymerization process is shown. Comparison of 3,5-bis(9-octyl-9H-carbazol-2-yl)pyridine and 3,5-bis(9-octyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)pyridine by electrochemical and UV-Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemical measurements and DFT (density functional theory) calculation prove the formation of a poly(2,6-carbazole) derivative. Both of the compounds form stable and electroactive conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Laba
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Ks. M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.,Center of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Science, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Data
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Ks. M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.,Center of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Science, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland.,Physics Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Pawel Zassowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Ks. M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Karon
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Ks. M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mieczyslaw Lapkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Ks. M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.,Center of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Science, M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34, 41-819, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Pawel Wagner
- ARC Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - David L Officer
- ARC Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Gordon G Wallace
- ARC Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Karon K, Lapkowski M, Dabuliene A, Tomkeviciene A, Kostiv N, Grazulevicius JV. Spectroelectrochemical characterization of conducting polymers from star-shaped carbazole-triphenylamine compounds. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Suarez MB, Durantini J, Otero L, Dittrich T, Santo M, Milanesio ME, Durantini E, Gervaldo M. Electrochemical Generation of Porphyrin-Porphyrin and Porphyrin-C60 Polymeric Photoactive Organic Heterojunctions. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Jarosz T, Lapkowski M, Ledwon P. Advances in Star-Shaped π-Conjugated Systems: Properties and Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:1006-32. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Jarosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers; Silesian University of Technology; 44-100 Gliwice M. Strzody 9 Poland
| | - Mieczyslaw Lapkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers; Silesian University of Technology; 44-100 Gliwice M. Strzody 9 Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials; Polish Academy of Sciences; 41-819 Zabrze Curie-Sklodowskiej 34 Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Ledwon
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers; Silesian University of Technology; 44-100 Gliwice M. Strzody 9 Poland
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Data P, Zassowski P, Lapkowski M, Domagala W, Krompiec S, Flak T, Penkala M, Swist A, Soloducho J, Danikiewicz W. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical comparison of alternated monomers and their copolymers based on carbazole and thiophene derivatives. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Karon K, Lapkowski M, Juozas G. Electrochemical and UV-Vis/ESR spectroelectrochemical properties of polymers obtained from isomeric 2,7- and 3,6- linked carbazole trimers; influence of the linking topology on polymers properties. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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González-Diéguez N, Colina A, López-Palacios J, Heras A. Spectroelectrochemistry at Screen-Printed Electrodes: Determination of Dopamine. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9146-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3018444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia González-Diéguez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos
s/n, E-09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Alvaro Colina
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos
s/n, E-09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Jesús López-Palacios
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos
s/n, E-09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Heras
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos
s/n, E-09001 Burgos, Spain
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