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Sung SK, Choi M, Kim J, Nam US, Kim S, Lee J. Effect of nanoarray density on enhanced electron transfer efficiency and analytical sensitivity for electrochemical immunosensors. Talanta 2024; 279:126637. [PMID: 39106648 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
The fabrication of ordered nanoarray electrode (NAE) using UV imprinting and their application as electrochemical (EC) immunosensor is described in this study. Especially, the influence of the array density factors on the performance of NAE was characterized electrochemically and compared with flat-electrode. Low-density (hole: 200 nm, hole space = 600 nm), medium-density (hole: 200 nm, hole space = 400 nm), and high-density NAE (hole: 200 nm, hole space = 200 nm) which have the same active area were fabricated and their redox cycling was compared with empirical results. We observed that the high-density is the optimum NAE exhibiting the lowest charge transfer resistance and the highest redox cycling performance among all NAEs. Finally, to observe the effect of their EC performance as biosensor, an EC immunoassay was performed using Interleukine-6 (IL-6), and high-density NAE has lowest a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.45 pg/mL compared with other NAEs (medium-density: 3.91 pg/mL, low-density: 5.87 pg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Keun Sung
- Digital Health Care Research Center, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 39253, Republic of Korea
| | - MyeongGeun Choi
- Department of Medical IT Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - JeongWon Kim
- Department of Medical IT Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - USun Nam
- Department of Medical IT Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - SangHee Kim
- Department of Medical IT Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - JuKyung Lee
- Digital Health Care Research Center, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute (GERI), Gumi, Gyeongbuk, 39253, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Campagnol D, Karimian N, Paladin D, Rizzolio F, Ugo P. Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the ultrasensitive detection of cytochrome c. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 148:108269. [PMID: 36179393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is an important biomarker for the early stage of apoptosis that plays a role in the diagnosis and therapy of several diseases including cancer. Here, an electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the ultrasensitive detection of Cyt c is studied. It is prepared by electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine in the presence of Cyt c as template, followed by solvent extraction, resulting in the formation of Cyt c recognition sites. The MIP is characterised by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, using ferrocenecarboxylic acid as redox probe. Voltammetric data indicates that the MIP-sensor behaves as an electrode with partially blocked surface. The partition isotherm obtained fits the Langmuir model, indicating a high affinity for Cyt c, with an association constant Ka = 5 × 10 11 M-1. DPV measurements allow to achieve extremely high analytical sensitivity and low detection limit, in the femtomolar range, with negligible unspecific adsorption. Satisfactory analytical recovery tests performed in the presence of possible interfering proteins and in diluted human serum confirmed the selectivity of the MIP-sensor as well as its potential applicability for real samples analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campagnol
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Najmeh Karimian
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - Dino Paladin
- Dott. Dino Paladin, bic incubatori Fvg, via Flavia 23/1, 34148 Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy; Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Paolo Ugo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venice, Italy.
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Longo S, De Leo L, Not T, Ugo P. Nanoelectrode ensemble immunosensor platform for the anodic detection of anti-tissue transglutaminase isotype IgA. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Gaetani C, Gheno G, Borroni M, De Wael K, Moretto LM, Ugo P. Nanoelectrode ensemble immunosensing for the electrochemical identification of ovalbumin in works of art. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Habtamu HB, Not T, De Leo L, Longo S, Moretto LM, Ugo P. Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on Nanoelectrode Ensembles for the Serological Analysis of IgG-type Tissue Transglutaminase. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19051233. [PMID: 30862087 PMCID: PMC6427579 DOI: 10.3390/s19051233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a gluten-dependent autoimmune disorder affecting a significant percentage of the general population, with increasing incidence particularly for children. Reliable analytical methods suitable for the serological diagnosis of the disorder are urgently required for performing both the early diagnosis and the follow-up of a patient adhering to a gluten-free diet. Herein we report on the preparation and application of a novel electrochemical immunosensor based on the use of ensembles of gold nanoelectrodes (NEEs) for the detection of anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG), which is considered one reliable serological marker for CD. To this end, we take advantage of the composite nature of the nanostructured surface of membrane-templated NEEs by functionalizing the polycarbonate surface of the track-etched membrane with tissue transglutaminase. Incubation of the functionalized NEE in anti-tTG samples results in the capture of the anti-tTG antibody. Confirmation of the recognition event is achieved by incubating the NEE with a secondary antibody labelled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP): in the presence of H2O2 as substrate and hydroquinone as redox mediator, an electrocatalytic current is indeed generated whose increment is proportional to the amount of anti-tTG captured from the sample. The optimized sensor allows a detection limit of 1.8 ng mL−1, with satisfactory selectivity and reproducibility. Analysis of serum samples from 28 individuals, some healthy and some affected by CD, furnished analytical results comparable with those achieved by classical fluoroenzyme immunoassay (FEIA). We note that the NEE-based immunosensor developed here detects the IgG isotype of anti-tTG, while FEIA detects the IgA isotype, which is not a suitable diagnostic marker for IgA-deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henok B Habtamu
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca'Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy.
| | - Tarcisio Not
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34100 Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Luigina De Leo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", 34100 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Sara Longo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca'Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy.
| | - Ligia M Moretto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca'Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ugo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca'Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy.
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Karimian N, Stortini AM, Moretto LM, Costantino C, Bogialli S, Ugo P. Electrochemosensor for Trace Analysis of Perfluorooctanesulfonate in Water Based on a Molecularly Imprinted Poly( o-phenylenediamine) Polymer. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1291-1298. [PMID: 29911865 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This work is aimed at developing an electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of trace levels of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in water. Contamination of waters by perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) is a problem of global concern due to their suspected toxicity and ability to bioaccumulate. PFOS is the perfluorinated compound of major concern, as it has the lowest suggested control concentrations. The sensor reported here is based on a gold electrode modified with a thin coating of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), prepared by anodic electropolymerization of o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) in the presence of PFOS as the template. Activation of the sensor is achieved by template removal with suitable a solvent mixture. Voltammetry, a quartz crystal microbalance, scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis were used to monitor the electropolymerization process, template removal, and binding of the analyte. Ferrocenecarboxylic acid (FcCOOH) has been exploited as an electrochemical probe able to generate analytically useful voltammetric signals by competing for the binding sites with PFOS, as the latter is not electroactive. The sensor has a low detection limit (0.04 nM), a satisfactory selectivity, and is reproducible and repeatable, giving analytical results in good agreement with those obtained by HPLC-MS/MS analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Karimian
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Angela M. Stortini
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Ligia M. Moretto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Claudio Costantino
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Ugo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
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A versatile nanoarray electrode produced from block copolymer thin films for specific detection of proteins. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Karimian N, Moretto LM, Ugo P. Nanobiosensing with Arrays and Ensembles of Nanoelectrodes. SENSORS 2016; 17:s17010065. [PMID: 28042840 PMCID: PMC5298638 DOI: 10.3390/s17010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Since the first reports dating back to the mid-1990s, ensembles and arrays of nanoelectrodes (NEEs and NEAs, respectively) have gained an important role as advanced electroanalytical tools thank to their unique characteristics which include, among others, dramatically improved signal/noise ratios, enhanced mass transport and suitability for extreme miniaturization. From the year 2000 onward, these properties have been exploited to develop electrochemical biosensors in which the surfaces of NEEs/NEAs have been functionalized with biorecognition layers using immobilization modes able to take the maximum advantage from the special morphology and composite nature of their surface. This paper presents an updated overview of this field. It consists of two parts. In the first, we discuss nanofabrication methods and the principles of functioning of NEEs/NEAs, focusing, in particular, on those features which are important for the development of highly sensitive and miniaturized biosensors. In the second part, we review literature references dealing the bioanalytical and biosensing applications of sensors based on biofunctionalized arrays/ensembles of nanoelectrodes, focusing our attention on the most recent advances, published in the last five years. The goal of this review is both to furnish fundamental knowledge to researchers starting their activity in this field and provide critical information on recent achievements which can stimulate new ideas for future developments to experienced scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Karimian
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155-Mestre, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - Ligia M Moretto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155-Mestre, 30172 Venice, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ugo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155-Mestre, 30172 Venice, Italy.
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Zhang Y, Zhou Q, Zhao W, Chu W, Zheng J. Array of recessed gold nanoelectrodes formed with polymethylmethacrylate for individual detection of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.06.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Pifferi V, Soliveri G, Panzarasa G, Cappelletti G, Meroni D, Falciola L. Photo-renewable electroanalytical sensor for neurotransmitters detection in body fluid mimics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7339-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jarczewska M, Kékedy-Nagy L, Nielsen JS, Campos R, Kjems J, Malinowska E, Ferapontova EE. Electroanalysis of pM-levels of urokinase plasminogen activator in serum by phosphorothioated RNA aptamer. Analyst 2016; 140:3794-802. [PMID: 25620243 DOI: 10.1039/c4an02354d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein biomarkers of cancer allow a dramatic improvement in cancer diagnostics as compared to the traditional histological characterisation of tumours by enabling a non-invasive analysis of cancer development and treatment. Here, an electrochemical label-free assay for urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), a universal biomarker of several cancers, has been developed based on the recently selected uPA-specific fluorinated RNA aptamer, tethered to a gold electrode via a phosphorothioated dA tag, and soluble redox indicators. The binding properties of the uPA-aptamer couple and interference from the non-specific adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were modulated by the electrode surface charge. A nM uPA electroanalysis at positively charged surfaces, complicated by the competitive adsorption of BSA, was tuned to the pM uPA analysis at negative surface charges of the electrode, being improved in the presence of negatively charged BSA. The aptamer affinity for uPA displayed via the binding/dissociation constant relationship correspondingly increased, ca. three orders of magnitude, from 0.441 to 367. Under optimal conditions, the aptasensor allowed 10(-12)-10(-9) M uPA analysis, also in serum, being practically useful for clinical applications. The proposed strategy for optimization of the electrochemical protein sensing is of particular importance for the assessment and optimization of in vivo protein ligand binding by surface-tethered aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Jarczewska
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Center for DNA Nanotechnology (CDNA), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Habtamu HB, Sentic M, Silvestrini M, De Leo L, Not T, Arbault S, Manojlovic D, Sojic N, Ugo P. A Sensitive Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor for Celiac Disease Diagnosis Based on Nanoelectrode Ensembles. Anal Chem 2015; 87:12080-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henok B. Habtamu
- Department
of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Milica Sentic
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Morena Silvestrini
- Department
of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Luigina De Leo
- Institute for
Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Tarcisio Not
- Institute for
Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephane Arbault
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Dragan Manojlovic
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neso Sojic
- Institut
des Sciences Moléculaires, CNRS UMR 5255, University of Bordeaux, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Paolo Ugo
- Department
of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University Ca’Foscari of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
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Habtamu HB, Ugo P. Miniaturized Enzymatic Biosensor via Biofunctionalization of the Insulator of Nanoelectrode Ensembles. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bottari F, Oliveri P, Ugo P. Electrochemical immunosensor based on ensemble of nanoelectrodes for immunoglobulin IgY detection: Application to identify hen's egg yolk in tempera paintings. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 52:403-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Functionalized ensembles of nanoelectrodes as affinity biosensors for DNA hybridization detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 40:265-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mardegan A, Dal Borgo S, Scopece P, Moretto L, Hočevar S, Ugo P. Bismuth modified gold nanoelectrode ensemble for stripping voltammetric determination of lead. Electrochem commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Ensembles of nanoelectrodes modified with gold nanoparticles: characterization and application to DNA-hybridization detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:995-1005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mardegan A, Scopece P, Lamberti F, Meneghetti M, Moretto LM, Ugo P. Electroanalysis of Trace Inorganic Arsenic with Gold Nanoelectrode Ensembles. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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