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Saeedikhani M, Vafakhah S, Blackwood DJ. Can Finite Element Method Obtain SVET Current Densities Closer to True Localized Corrosion Rates? MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113764. [PMID: 35683063 PMCID: PMC9181402 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the finite element method was used to simulate the response of the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) across an iron–zinc cut-edge sample in order to provide a deeper understanding of the localized corrosion rates measured using SVET. It was found that, if the diffusion layer was neglected, the simulated current density using the Laplace equation fitted the experimental SVET current density perfectly. However, the electrolyte was not perturbed by a vibrating SVET probe in the field, so a diffusion layer existed. Therefore, the SVET current densities obtained from the local conductivity of the electrolyte would likely be more representative of the true corrosion rates than the SVET current densities obtained from the bulk conductivity. To help overcome this difference between natural conditions and those imposed by the SVET experiment, a local electrolyte corrected conductivity SVET (LECC-SVET) current density was introduced, which was obtained by replacing the bulk electrolyte conductivity measured experimentally by the local electrolyte conductivity simulated using the Nernst−Einstein equation. Although the LECC-SVET current density did not fit the experimental SVET current density as perfectly as that obtained from the Laplace equation, it likely represents current densities closer to the true, unperturbed corrosion conditions than the SVET data from the bulk conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saeedikhani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore;
| | - Sareh Vafakhah
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Daniel J. Blackwood
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576, Singapore;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6516-6289
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Farooq A, Masood Chaudry U, Saleem A, Mairaj Deen K, Hamad K, Ahmad R. Sacrificial Dissolution of Zinc Electroplated and Cold Galvanized Coated Steel in Saline and Soil Environments: A Comparison. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040744. [PMID: 33562576 PMCID: PMC7915669 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To protect steel structures, zinc coatings are mostly used as a sacrificial barrier. This research aims to estimate the dissolution tendency of the electroplated and zinc-rich cold galvanized (ZRCG) coatings of a controlled thickness (35 ± 1 μm) applied via brush and dip coating methods on the mild steel. To assess the corrosion behavior of these coated samples in 3.5% NaCl and 10% NaCl containing soil solutions, open circuit potential (OCP), cyclic polarization (CP), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were performed. The more negative OCP and appreciably large corrosion rate of the electroplated and ZRCG coated samples in 3.5% NaCl solution highlighted the preferential dissolution of Zn coatings. However, in saline soil solution, the relatively positive OCP (>−850 mV vs. Cu/CuSO4) and lower corrosion rate of the electroplated and ZRCG coatings compared to the uncoated steel sample indicated their incapacity to protect the steel substrate. The CP scans of the zinc electroplated samples showed a positive hysteresis loop after 24 h of exposure in 3.5% NaCl and saline soil solutions attributing to the localized dissolution of the coating. Similarly, the appreciable decrease in the charge transfer resistance of the electroplated samples after 24 h of exposure corresponded to their accelerated dissolution. Compared to the localized dissolution of the electroplated and brush-coated samples, the dip-coated ZRCG samples exhibited uniform dissolution during the extended exposure (500 h) salt spray test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameeq Farooq
- Corrosion Control Research Cell, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (A.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Umer Masood Chaudry
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Ahsan Saleem
- Corrosion Control Research Cell, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (A.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Kashif Mairaj Deen
- Corrosion Control Research Cell, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (A.F.); (A.S.)
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Correspondence: (K.M.D.); (K.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Kotiba Hamad
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.M.D.); (K.H.); (R.A.)
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Corrosion Control Research Cell, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (A.F.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (K.M.D.); (K.H.); (R.A.)
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Soares Costa J, Prestat M, Lescop B, Rioual S, Tribollet B, Holzer L, Pélissier K, Thierry D. Oxygen Reduction Investigation on Sputtered ZnO Layers with Nano‐granular Structure. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Soares Costa
- French Corrosion Institute 220 rue Pierre Rivoalon 29200 Brest France
- Univ Brest, Lab-STICC, CNRS, UMR 6285 F-29200 Brest France
| | - Michel Prestat
- French Corrosion Institute 220 rue Pierre Rivoalon 29200 Brest France
| | - Benoit Lescop
- Univ Brest, Lab-STICC, CNRS, UMR 6285 F-29200 Brest France
| | | | - Bernard Tribollet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRSLaboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques LISE 75005 Paris France
| | - Lorenz Holzer
- Zurich University of Applied SciencesICP Institute of Computational Physics Wildbachstrasse 21 8400 Winterthur Switzerland
| | - Krystel Pélissier
- French Corrosion Institute 220 rue Pierre Rivoalon 29200 Brest France
| | - Dominique Thierry
- French Corrosion Institute 220 rue Pierre Rivoalon 29200 Brest France
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Initial stages of localized corrosion at cut-edges of adhesively bonded Zn and Zn-Al-Mg galvanized steel. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Simillion H, Van den Steen N, Terryn H, Deconinck J. Geometry influence on corrosion in dynamic thin film electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Tran TH, Vimalanandan A, Genchev G, Fickert J, Landfester K, Crespy D, Rohwerder M. Regenerative nano-hybrid coating tailored for autonomous corrosion protection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:3825-3830. [PMID: 26009860 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel bilayer coating system for autonomous corrosion-triggered self-healing is demonstrated. The storage of the encapsulated monomer and the catalyst is separated in two different layers. The encapsulated catalyst is stored inside a metallic coating, which ensures its activity even for an extended exposure time. The release from the capsules is triggered by corrosion and the correlated pH increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- The Hai Tran
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Georgi Genchev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Daniel Crespy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Rohwerder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Laska CA, Auinger M, Biedermann P, Iqbal D, Laska N, De Strycker J, Mayrhofer KJ. Effect of hydrogen carbonate and chloride on zinc corrosion investigated by a scanning flow cell system. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abodi L, Gonzalez-Garcia Y, Dolgikh O, Dan C, Deconinck D, Mol J, Terryn H, Deconinck J. Simulated and measured response of oxygen SECM-measurements in presence of a corrosion process. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Taryba MG, Lamaka SV. Plasticizer-free solid-contact pH-selective microelectrode for visualization of local corrosion. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dolgikh O, Demeter A, Bastos A, Topa V, Deconinck J. A practical way to model convection in non-agitated electrolytes. Electrochem commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Alvarez-Pampliega A, Taryba M, Van den Bergh K, De Strycker J, Lamaka S, Terryn H. Study of local Na+ and Cl− distributions during the cut-edge corrosion of aluminum rich metal-coated steel by scanning vibrating electrode and micro-potentiometric techniques. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Galvanic corrosion between zinc and carbon steel investigated by local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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