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Wang A, Ding R, Li Y, Liu M, Yang F, Zhang Y, Fang Q, Yan M, Xie J, Chen Z, Yan Z, He Y, Guo J, Sun X, Liu E. Redox Electrolytes-Assisting Aqueous Zn-Based Batteries by Pseudocapacitive Multiple Perovskite Fluorides Cathode and Charge Storage Mechanisms. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302333. [PMID: 37166023 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous Zn-based batteries (AZBs) have attracted intensive attention. However, to explore advanced cathode materials with in-depth elucidation of their charge storage mechanisms, improve energy storage capacity, and construct novel cell systems remain a great challenge. Herein, a new pseudocapacitive multiple perovskite fluorides (ABF3 ) cathode is designed, represented by KMF-(IV, V, and VI; M = NiCoMnZn/-Mg/-MgFe), and constructed Zn//KMF-(IV, V, and VI) AZBs and their flexible devices. Ex situ tests have revealed a typical bulk phase conversion mechanism of KMF-VI electrode for charge storage in alkaline media dominated by redox-active Ni/Co/Mn species, with transformation of ABF3 nanocrystals into amorphous metal oxide/(oxy)hydroxide nanosheets. By employing single or bipolar redox electrolyte strategies of 20 mm [Fe(CN)6 ]3- or/and 10 mm SO3 2- /Cu[(NH3 )4 ]2+ acting on KMF-(IV, V, and VI) cathode and Zn anode, the AZBs show an improved energy storage owing to additional capacity contribution of redox electrolytes. The as-designed Zn//polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-KOH-K3 [Fe(CN)6 ]//KMF-(IV, V, and VI) redox gel electrolytes-assisting flexible AZBs (RGE-FAZBs) exhibit remarkable performance under different bending angles because of slight dissolution corrosion of zinc anode compared with liquid electrolytes. Overall, the work demonstrates the novel idea of conversion-type multiple ABF3 cathode for redox electrolytes-assisting AZBs (RE-AZBs) and their flexible systems, showing great significance on electrochemical energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Rui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Miao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Qi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Miao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Jinmei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Ziyang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Yuming He
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Jian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Enhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China
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Yang N, Yu S, Zhang W, Cheng HM, Simon P, Jiang X. Electrochemical Capacitors with Confined Redox Electrolytes and Porous Electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202380. [PMID: 35413141 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical capacitors (ECs), including electrical-double-layer capacitors and pseudocapacitors, feature high power densities but low energy densities. To improve the energy densities of ECs, redox electrolyte-enhanced ECs (R-ECs) or supercapbatteries are designed through employing confined soluble redox electrolytes and porous electrodes. In R-ECs the energy storage is based on diffusion-controlled faradaic processes of confined redox electrolytes at the surface of a porous electrode, which thus take the merits of high power densities of ECs and high energy densities of batteries. In the past few years, there has been great progress in the development of this energy storage technology, particularly in the design and synthesis of novel redox electrolytes and porous electrodes, as well as the configurations of new devices. Herein, a full-screen picture of the fundamentals and the state-of-art progress of R-ECs are given together with a discussion and outlines about the challenges and future perspectives of R-ECs. The strategies to improve the performance of R-ECs are highlighted from the aspects of their capacitances and capacitance retention, power densities, and energy densities. The insight into the philosophies behind these strategies will be favorable to promote the R-EC technology toward practical applications of supercapacitors in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianjun Yang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, Siegen, 57076, Germany
| | - Siyu Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Patrice Simon
- CIRIMAT, UMR CNRS 5085, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - Xin Jiang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, Siegen, 57076, Germany
- Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Science), Qingdao, 266001, China
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Jyothibasu JP, Wang RH, Tien YC, Kuo CC, Lee RH. Lignin-Derived Quinone Redox Moieties for Bio-Based Supercapacitors. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153106. [PMID: 35956620 PMCID: PMC9370813 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their rapid charging and discharging, high power densities, and excellent cycling life stabilities, supercapacitors have great potential for use in electric vehicles, portable electronics, and for grid frequency modulation. The growing need for supercapacitors that are both efficient and ecologically friendly has generated curiosity in developing sustainable biomass-based electrode materials and electrolytes. Lignin, an aromatic polymer with remarkable electroactive redox characteristics and a large number of active functional groups, is one such candidate for use in renewable supercapacitors. Because its chemical structure features an abundance of quinone groups, lignin undergoes various surface redox processes, storing and releasing both electrons and protons. Accordingly, lignin and its derivatives have been tested as electroactive materials in supercapacitors. This review discusses recent examples of supercapacitors incorporating electrode materials and electrolytes derived from lignin, focusing on the pseudocapacitance provided by the quinone moieties, with the goal of encouraging the use of lignin as a raw material for high-value applications. Employing lignin and its derivatives as active materials in supercapacitor electrodes and as a redox additive in electrolytes has the potential to minimize environmental pollution and energy scarcity while also providing economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincy Parayangattil Jyothibasu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.P.J.); (R.-H.W.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Ruei-Hong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.P.J.); (R.-H.W.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - You-Ching Tien
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.P.J.); (R.-H.W.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan;
| | - Rong-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (J.P.J.); (R.-H.W.); (Y.-C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +88-64-2285-4308; Fax: +88-64-2285-4734
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Voltage controlled bio-organic inverse phototransistor. Biointerphases 2022; 17:021003. [PMID: 35303768 DOI: 10.1116/6.0001692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thin films of poly-d-lysine act as polar organic and are also light sensitive. The capacitance-voltage, current-voltage, and transistor behavior were studied to gauge the photoresponse of possible poly-d-lysine thin film devices both with and without methylene blue as an additive. Transistors fabricated from poly-d-lysine act as inverse phototransistors, i.e., the on-state current is greatest in the absence of illumination. The poly-d-lysine thin film capacitance and the transistor current decrease with illumination, both with and without methylene blue as an additive. This suggests that the unbinding of photo exciton is significantly hindered in this system which is supported by the significant charge carrier lifetime for poly-d-lysine films both with and without methylene blue. For the majority carrier, the transistor geometry appears to depend on the gate voltage; in other words, the majority carrier depends on the polarization of the poly-d-lysine films, both with and without methylene blue as an additive.
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Wang R, Wang H, Zhou Y, Gao Z, Han Y, Jiang K, Zhang W, Wu D. Green Synthesis of N doped Porous carbon/Carbon dots Composite as Metal-Free Catalytic Electrode Materials for Iodide Mediated Quasi-solid Flexible Supercapacitor. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00017b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
P-nitroaniline is adopted as versatile precursor for preparation of N-doped porous carbon (PC) and carbon dots (CDs) with enriched N functionalities, and the CDs are further anchored onto PC to...
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6
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Unveiling the performance metrics for supercapacitor electrodes with adsorbed redox additives. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Guo B, Miura Y, Hoshino Y. Rational Design of Thermocells Driven by the Volume Phase Transition of Hydrogel Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:32184-32192. [PMID: 34197066 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermocells are thermoelectrochemical conversion systems for harvesting low-temperature thermal energy. Liquid-state thermocells are particularly desirable because of low cost and their high conversion efficiency at temperatures around physiological temperature, and they have, thus, been extensively studied. However, the performance of the thermocells has to be improved to utilize them as energy chargers and/or batteries. Recently, we reported that a liquid-state thermocell driven by the volume phase transition of hydrogel nanoparticles showed highly efficient thermoelectric conversion with Seebeck coefficient (Se) of -6.7 mV K-1. Here, we report the design rationale of the thermocells driven by the phase transition. A high Se of -9.5 mV K-1 was achieved at temperature between 36 and 40 °C by optimizing choice and amount of redox chemical species. The figure of merit (ZT) of the thermocell was improved by selecting appropriate electrolyte salt to increase the ionic conductivity and prevent the precipitation of nanoparticles. Furthermore, screening of nanoparticles revealed the high correlation between Se and the pH shift generated as a result of phase transition of the nanoparticles. After optimization, the maximum ZT of 8.0 × 10-2 was achieved at a temperature between 20 and 70 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benshuai Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yu Hoshino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Gunday ST, Qahtan T, Cevik E, Anil I, Alagha O, Bozkurt A. Highly Flexible and Tailorable Cobalt-Doped Cross-Linked Polyacrylamide-Based Electrolytes for Use in High-Performance Supercapacitors. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1438-1444. [PMID: 33834630 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A novel hydrogel polymer electrolyte was prepared by incorporation of 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BG) to cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM). The electrolyte (PAMBG) was modified with cobalt (II) sulfate with various doping ratios (PAMBGCoX) to increase the capacitance by increasing faradaic reactions. The supercapacitor device assembly was performed by using active carbon (AC) electrodes and hydrogel polymer electrolytes. The specific capacitance of the PAMBGCo5 device indicated 130 F g-1 , which is at least a seven-fold improvement due to the insertion of Co as a redox component. The electrolyte device, PAMBGCo5, displays superior performance having an energy density of 38 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 500 W kg-1 . Additionally, with the same hydrogel, the device performed 10,000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles via retaining 91% of the initial capacitance. A cost-effective electrolyte, PAMBGCo5, was tested in a carbon-based supercapacitor under bent and twisted conditions at various angles, confirming the robustness of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Tugba Gunday
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, West Campus, PO Box:1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Qahtan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Cevik
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, West Campus, PO Box:1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Anil
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, East Campus, PO Box:1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alagha
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, East Campus, PO Box:1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayhan Bozkurt
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, West Campus, PO Box:1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Naskar P, Chakraborty P, Kundu D, Maiti A, Biswas B, Banerjee A. Envisaging Future Energy Storage Materials for Supercapacitors: An Ensemble of Preliminary Attempts. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pappu Naskar
- Department of Chemistry Presidency University-Kolkata 86/1 College Street Kolkata 700073 India
| | - Priyanka Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry Presidency University-Kolkata 86/1 College Street Kolkata 700073 India
| | - Debojyoti Kundu
- Department of Chemistry Presidency University-Kolkata 86/1 College Street Kolkata 700073 India
| | - Apurba Maiti
- Department of Chemistry Presidency University-Kolkata 86/1 College Street Kolkata 700073 India
| | - Biplab Biswas
- Department of Chemistry Presidency University-Kolkata 86/1 College Street Kolkata 700073 India
| | - Anjan Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry Presidency University-Kolkata 86/1 College Street Kolkata 700073 India
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Gou Q, Zhao S, Wang J, Li M, Xue J. Recent Advances on Boosting the Cell Voltage of Aqueous Supercapacitors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:98. [PMID: 34138080 PMCID: PMC7770906 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to its ultra-fast charge/discharge rate, long cyclic life span, and environmental benignity, aqueous supercapacitor (SC) is considered as a proper next-generation energy storage device. Unfortunately, limited by undesirable water electrolysis and unreasonable electrode potential range, aqueous SC normally generates a narrow cell voltage, resulting in a low energy density. To address such challenge, enormous efforts have been made to construct high-voltage aqueous SCs. Despite these achievements, the systematic reviews about this field are still rare. To fill this knowledge gap, this review summarizes the recent advances about boosting the cell voltage of aqueous SCs. From the viewpoint of electrode, doping alkali cations, modulating the electrode mass ratio, and optimizing the surface charge density are regarded as three effective pathways to achieve this goal. However, adjusting the appropriate pH level, introducing redox mediators, and constructing "water-in-salt" electrolyte are other three universal routes from the electrolyte aspect. Furthermore, it is also effective to obtain the high-voltage aqueous SCs through asymmetric design, such as designing asymmetric SCs. The confronting challenges and future development tendency towards the high-voltage aqueous SCs are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhi Gou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junmin Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CQU-NUS Renewable Energy Materials and Devices Joint Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117573, Singapore
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Sulfur modification of carbon materials as well as the redox additive of Na2S for largely improving capacitive performance of supercapacitors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Creating a new electrode material of supercapacitors from the waste multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Jinisha B, Anilkumar KM, Manoj M, Ashraf CM, Pradeep VS, Jayalekshmi S. Solid-state supercapacitor with impressive performance characteristics, assembled using redox-mediated gel polymer electrolyte. J Solid State Electrochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-019-04428-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pal B, Yang S, Ramesh S, Thangadurai V, Jose R. Electrolyte selection for supercapacitive devices: a critical review. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:3807-3835. [PMID: 36132093 PMCID: PMC9417677 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00374f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytes are one of the vital constituents of electrochemical energy storage devices and their physical and chemical properties play an important role in these devices' performance, including capacity, power density, rate performance, cyclability and safety. This article reviews the current state of understanding of the electrode-electrolyte interaction in supercapacitors and battery-supercapacitor hybrid devices. The article discusses factors that affect the overall performance of the devices such as the ionic conductivity, mobility, diffusion coefficient, radius of bare and hydrated spheres, ion solvation, viscosity, dielectric constant, electrochemical stability, thermal stability and dispersion interaction. The requirements needed to design better electrolytes and the challenges that still need to be addressed for building better supercapacitive devices for the competitive energy storage market have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupender Pal
- Nanostructured Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang 26300 Gambang Kuantan Malaysia
| | - Shengyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China
| | - Subramaniam Ramesh
- Centre for Ionics University of Malaya, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | | | - Rajan Jose
- Nanostructured Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang 26300 Gambang Kuantan Malaysia
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Hu L, Zhai T, Li H, Wang Y. Redox-Mediator-Enhanced Electrochemical Capacitors: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1118-1132. [PMID: 30427120 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Supercapacitors deliver exceptional power densities, high cycling stability, and inherent safety but suffer from low energy densities. Many methods to enhance the energy density are based on exploring electrode materials with well-developed structures and designing asymmetric systems with wide voltage windows. The energy density is substantially enhanced at the compromise of power density by utilizing the sluggish kinetics of pseudocapacitive materials. Redox-active electrolytes can contribute additional pseudocapacitance from the reactions of redox mediators at the interface, which have attracted increasing attention of researchers. Redox-mediator-enhanced supercapacitors deliver high energy densities while retaining high power densities. This Minireview highlights the recently prominent progresses of single-, dual-, and ambipolar-redox-mediator-enhanced supercapacitors, the challenges they face, and approaches to suppress self-discharge and develop high-concentration redox-active electrolytes for performance promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die&Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die&Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die&Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Institute of New Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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Zhang H, Deng X, Huang H, Li G, Liang X, Zhou W, Guo J, Wei W, Tang S. Hetero-structure arrays of NiCoO2 nanoflakes@nanowires on 3D graphene/nickel foam for high-performance supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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17
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Design of a novel redox-active gel polymer electrolyte with a dual-role ionic liquid for flexible supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang F, Wu X, Yuan X, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Fu L, Zhu Y, Zhou Q, Wu Y, Huang W. Latest advances in supercapacitors: from new electrode materials to novel device designs. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:6816-6854. [PMID: 28868557 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00205j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Notably, many significant breakthroughs for a new generation of supercapacitors have been reported in recent years, related to theoretical understanding, material synthesis and device designs. Herein, we summarize the state-of-the-art progress toward mechanisms, new materials, and novel device designs for supercapacitors. Firstly, fundamental understanding of the mechanism is mainly focused on the relationship between the structural properties of electrode materials and their electrochemical performances based on some in situ characterization techniques and simulations. Secondly, some emerging electrode materials are discussed, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), MXenes, metal nitrides, black phosphorus, LaMnO3, and RbAg4I5/graphite. Thirdly, the device innovations for the next generation of supercapacitors are provided successively, mainly emphasizing flow supercapacitors, alternating current (AC) line-filtering supercapacitors, redox electrolyte enhanced supercapacitors, metal ion hybrid supercapacitors, micro-supercapacitors (fiber, plane and three-dimensional) and multifunctional supercapacitors including electrochromic supercapacitors, self-healing supercapacitors, piezoelectric supercapacitors, shape-memory supercapacitors, thermal self-protective supercapacitors, thermal self-charging supercapacitors, and photo self-charging supercapacitors. Finally, the future developments and key technical challenges are highlighted regarding further research in this thriving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faxing Wang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, and Institute for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu Province, China.
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19
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Han Y, Lai Z, Wang Z, Yu M, Tong Y, Lu X. Designing Carbon Based Supercapacitors with High Energy Density: A Summary of Recent Progress. Chemistry 2018; 24:7312-7329. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Zhengzhe Lai
- MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Zifan Wang
- MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Minghao Yu
- MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Dresden 01069 Germany
| | - Yexiang Tong
- MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Xihong Lu
- MOE of the Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
- School of Applied Physics and MaterialsWuyi University Jiangmen 529020 P.R. China
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20
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Slesinski A, Fic K, Frackowiak E. New Trends in Electrochemical Capacitors. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Luo Y, Zhang Q, Hong W, Xiao Z, Bai H. A high-performance electrochemical supercapacitor based on a polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide electrode and a copper(ii) ion active electrolyte. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:131-136. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07156f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High capacitance is obtained by using Cu(ii) ions as a cathodic active electrolyte to work with a polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxi Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Qin’e Zhang
- College of Materials, Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
- Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute
| | - Zongyuan Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Hua Bai
- College of Materials, Xiamen University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
- Graphene Industry and Engineering Research Institute
- Xiamen University
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22
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Yang J, Wang H, Yang Y, Wu J, Hu P, Guo L. Pseudocapacitive-dye-molecule-based high-performance flexible supercapacitors. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:9879-9885. [PMID: 28678288 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03385k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the development of novel, cheap and high-performance electrode materials for flexible energy-storage devices is being intensively pursued. Organic dyes are regarded as one of the most common water pollution sources, and their discharge not only damages the ecological balance but also wastes a lot of valuable chemical raw materials. With intrinsic redox functional groups, two types of widely used dyes including anthraquinone derivatives and phenothiazine dyes can be effectively removed from their effluent by a facile galvanostatic polymerization method, and resource utilized as electrochemical energy-storage materials. Based on this, a new kind of flexible supercapacitor based on dye molecules has been successfully fabricated, and exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, demonstrating a wise strategy for simultaneous wastewater treatment and preparation of functional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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23
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Zuo W, Li R, Zhou C, Li Y, Xia J, Liu J. Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices: Recent Progress and Future Prospects. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1600539. [PMID: 28725528 PMCID: PMC5514976 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Design and fabrication of electrochemical energy storage systems with both high energy and power densities as well as long cycling life is of great importance. As one of these systems, Battery-supercapacitor hybrid device (BSH) is typically constructed with a high-capacity battery-type electrode and a high-rate capacitive electrode, which has attracted enormous attention due to its potential applications in future electric vehicles, smart electric grids, and even miniaturized electronic/optoelectronic devices, etc. With proper design, BSH will provide unique advantages such as high performance, cheapness, safety, and environmental friendliness. This review first addresses the fundamental scientific principle, structure, and possible classification of BSHs, and then reviews the recent advances on various existing and emerging BSHs such as Li-/Na-ion BSHs, acidic/alkaline BSHs, BSH with redox electrolytes, and BSH with pseudocapacitive electrode, with the focus on materials and electrochemical performances. Furthermore, recent progresses in BSH devices with specific functionalities of flexibility and transparency, etc. will be highlighted. Finally, the future developing trends and directions as well as the challenges will also be discussed; especially, two conceptual BSHs with aqueous high voltage window and integrated 3D electrode/electrolyte architecture will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zuo
- School of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of TechnologyWuhanHubei430070P. R. China
- Institute of Nanoscience and NanotechnologyDepartment of Physics, Central China Normal UniversityWuhanHubei430079P. R. China
| | - Ruizhi Li
- Institute of Nanoscience and NanotechnologyDepartment of Physics, Central China Normal UniversityWuhanHubei430079P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Nanoscience and NanotechnologyDepartment of Physics, Central China Normal UniversityWuhanHubei430079P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of TechnologyWuhanHubei430070P. R. China
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and ProcessingWuhan University of TechnologyWuhanHubei430070P. R. China
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24
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Yu D, Wang H, Yang J, Niu Z, Lu H, Yang Y, Cheng L, Guo L. Dye Wastewater Cleanup by Graphene Composite Paper for Tailorable Supercapacitors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:21298-21306. [PMID: 28594545 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the energy crisis and environmental pollution are two critical challenges confronted by humans. The development of smart strategies to address the above-mentioned issues simultaneously is significant. As the main accomplices for water pollution, several kinds of organic dyes with intrinsic redox functional groups such as phenothiazines derivatives, anthraquinone, and indigoid dyes are potential candidates for the replacement of the conventional pseudocapacitive materials. In this work, three typical organic dyes can be efficiently removed by a facile adsorption procedure using reduced graphene oxide coated cellulose fiber (rGO@CF) paper. Flexible supercapacitors based on dye/rGO@CF electrodes exhibit excellent electrochemical performances that are superior to or comparable with those of conventional pseudocapacitive materials based devices, presenting a new type of promising electrode materials. Moreover, benefiting from the high flexibility and considerable mechanical strength of the graphene composite paper, the operating potential and capacitance of the devices can be easily adjusted by tailoring the hybrid electrodes into different specific shapes followed by rational integrating. The smart design of these dye/rGO@CF paper based electrodes shows that energy storage and environmental remediation can be achieved simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yu
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiqiang Niu
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huiting Lu
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yun Yang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liwei Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, China
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25
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Su L, Song Z, Guo J, Li J. Synthesis and Low-Temperature Capacitive Performances of Ternary Active Site CoNiFe Hydroxides. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Su
- College of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Science; Qingdao Agricultural University; Qingdao, Shandong 266109 PR China
| | - Zuwei Song
- College of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Science; Qingdao Agricultural University; Qingdao, Shandong 266109 PR China
| | - Jialiang Guo
- College of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Science; Qingdao Agricultural University; Qingdao, Shandong 266109 PR China
| | - Jiujiang Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Science; Qingdao Agricultural University; Qingdao, Shandong 266109 PR China
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26
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Shumakovich GP, Morozova O, Khlupova ME, Vasil'eva IS, Zaitseva EA, Yaropolov AI. Enhanced performance of a flexible supercapacitor due to a combination of the pseudocapacitances of both a PANI/MWCNT composite electrode and a gel polymer redox electrolyte. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04801g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of the pseudocapacitances of both an enzymatically synthesized polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube (PANI/MWCNT) composite and a gel polymer redox electrolyte was used to improve the specific characteristics of a supercapacitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. P. Shumakovich
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119071 Moscow
- Russia
| | - O. V. Morozova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119071 Moscow
- Russia
| | - M. E. Khlupova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119071 Moscow
- Russia
| | - I. S. Vasil'eva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119071 Moscow
- Russia
| | - E. A. Zaitseva
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - A. I. Yaropolov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 119071 Moscow
- Russia
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27
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Gorska B, Bujewska P, Fic K. Thiocyanates as attractive redox-active electrolytes for high-energy and environmentally-friendly electrochemical capacitors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:7923-7935. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00722a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript reports on the novel insight into the development of high voltage carbon/carbon electrochemical capacitors operating in aqueous solutions of alkali metals and ammonium thiocyanates (KSCN, NaSCN, LiSCN, and NH4SCN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gorska
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Paulina Bujewska
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Krzysztof Fic
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
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28
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Su L, Gong L, Ma C, Wang X, Sun Z. Outstanding Low-Temperature Capacitance of an AC-AC Supercapacitor in Acid Redox Electrolyte. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Su
- College of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Science; Qingdao Agricultural University; No. 700 Changcheng Road Qingdao 266109 PR China
| | - Liangyu Gong
- College of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Science; Qingdao Agricultural University; No. 700 Changcheng Road Qingdao 266109 PR China
| | - Chuanli Ma
- College of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Science; Qingdao Agricultural University; No. 700 Changcheng Road Qingdao 266109 PR China
| | - Xiuxia Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Science; Qingdao Agricultural University; No. 700 Changcheng Road Qingdao 266109 PR China
| | - Zongdong Sun
- College of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Science; Qingdao Agricultural University; No. 700 Changcheng Road Qingdao 266109 PR China
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29
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Díaz P, González Z, Santamaría R, Granda M, Menéndez R, Blanco C. Enhancing energy density of carbon-based supercapacitors using Prussian Blue modified positive electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Xie HJ, Gélinas B, Rochefort D. Redox-active electrolyte supercapacitors using electroactive ionic liquids. Electrochem commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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31
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Zhong C, Deng Y, Hu W, Qiao J, Zhang L, Zhang J. A review of electrolyte materials and compositions for electrochemical supercapacitors. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 44:7484-539. [PMID: 26050756 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00303b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1027] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytes have been identified as some of the most influential components in the performance of electrochemical supercapacitors (ESs), which include: electrical double-layer capacitors, pseudocapacitors and hybrid supercapacitors. This paper reviews recent progress in the research and development of ES electrolytes. The electrolytes are classified into several categories, including: aqueous, organic, ionic liquids, solid-state or quasi-solid-state, as well as redox-active electrolytes. Effects of electrolyte properties on ES performance are discussed in detail. The principles and methods of designing and optimizing electrolytes for ES performance and application are highlighted through a comprehensive analysis of the literature. Interaction among the electrolytes, electro-active materials and inactive components (current collectors, binders, and separators) is discussed. The challenges in producing high-performing electrolytes are analyzed. Several possible research directions to overcome these challenges are proposed for future efforts, with the main aim of improving ESs' energy density without sacrificing existing advantages (e.g., a high power density and a long cycle-life) (507 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yida Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenbin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinli Qiao
- School of Environmental Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Energy, Mining & Environment, National Research Council of Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- Energy, Mining & Environment, National Research Council of Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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32
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Zhang L, Xu D, Chen XY, Zhang ZJ. Large capacitive enhancement of N-doped nanoporous carbon by the addition of novel redox additive of diphenylcarbazide. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.10.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Nanocomposites of Graphene Nanosheets/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Electrodes for In-plane Supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Nie YF, Wang Q, Chen XY, Zhang ZJ. Synergistic effect of novel redox additives of p-nitroaniline and dimethylglyoxime for highly improving the supercapacitor performances. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:2718-29. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06147d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In present work, we demonstrate a simple but effective strategy for high-performance supercapacitors by adding the p-nitroaniline (PNA) into an alkaline electrolyte of KOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fu Nie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Controllable Chemistry Reaction & Material Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Controllable Chemistry Reaction & Material Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Controllable Chemistry Reaction & Material Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Zhong Jie Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Polymer Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230039
- P. R. China
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35
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Ike IS, Sigalas I, Iyuke S. Understanding performance limitation and suppression of leakage current or self-discharge in electrochemical capacitors: a review. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 18:661-80. [PMID: 26659405 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05459a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Self-discharge is known to have considerable adverse effects on the performance and application of electrochemical capacitors (ECs). Thus, obtaining an understanding of EC self-discharge mechanism(s) and subsequent derivation and solution of EC models, subject to a particular mechanism or combination of mechanisms during charging, discharging and storage of the device, is the only way to solve problems associated with EC self-discharge. In this review, we summarize recent progress with respect to EC self-discharge by considering the two basic types, electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC) and pseudocapacitors, and their hybrids with their respective charge storage mechanisms, distinguishable self-discharge mechanisms, charge redistribution and charge/energy loss during self-discharge. It was clearly observed that most of the voltage reduction is not purely due to the self-discharge effect but is basically due to redistribution of charge carriers deep inside pores and can therefore be retrieved from a capacitor during long-time discharging. Tuning the self-discharge rate is therefore feasible for single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) ECs and can be achieved by simply adjusting the surface chemistry of the nanotubes. The effects of surface chemistry modification on EC self-discharge are very important in studying and suppressing the self-discharge process and will benefit potential applications of ECs with respect to energy retention. Self-discharge can be averted by the use of redox couples that are transformed to insoluble species via electrolysis and adsorbed onto the activated carbon electrode in redox-couple EDLCs, thus transforming the EDLC electrolyte into a material that can store charge. Self-discharge in ECs can also be successfully suppressed by utilizing an ion-interchange layer (ion-exchange membrane), separator or CuSO4 mobile electrolyte that can be converted into an insoluble species by electrolysis during the charge/discharge process. This will help in producing a modern-day blueprint for ECs with high capacitance and improved energy sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent S Ike
- Materials for Energy Research Group (MERG), University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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36
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Zhang L, Yi HT, Chen XY, Zhang ZJ. Diphenylcarbazide-based carbon materials: Novel redox additives for simply and largely improving the electrochemical performance. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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High Rate Performance Nanocomposite Electrode of Mesoporous Manganese Dioxide/Silver Nanowires in KI Electrolytes. NANOMATERIALS 2015; 5:1638-1653. [PMID: 28347086 PMCID: PMC5304779 DOI: 10.3390/nano5041638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, manganese dioxide has become a research hotspot as an electrode material because of its low price. However, it has also become an obstacle to industrialization due to its low ratio of capacitance and the low rate performance which is caused by the poor electrical conductivity. In this study, a KI solution with electrochemical activity was innovatively applied to the electrolyte, and we systematically investigated the rate performance of the mesoporous manganese dioxide and the composite electrode with silver nanowires in supercapacitors. The results showed that when mesoporous manganese dioxide and mesoporous manganese dioxide/silver nanowires composite were used as electrodes, the strength of the current was amplified five times (from 0.1 to 0.5 A/g), the remaining rates of specific capacitance were 95% (from 205.5 down to 197.1 F/g) and 92% (from 208.1 down to 191.7 F/g) in the KI electrolyte, and the rate performance was much higher than which in an Na₂SO₄ electrolyte with a remaining rate of 25% (from 200.3 down to 49.1 F/g) and 60% (from 187.2 down to 113.1 F/g). The morphology and detail structure were investigated by Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The electrochemical performance was assessed by cyclic voltammograms, galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
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38
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Chun SE, Evanko B, Wang X, Vonlanthen D, Ji X, Stucky GD, Boettcher SW. Design of aqueous redox-enhanced electrochemical capacitors with high specific energies and slow self-discharge. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7818. [PMID: 26239891 PMCID: PMC4532795 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical double-layer capacitors exhibit high power and long cycle life but have low specific energy compared with batteries, limiting applications. Redox-enhanced capacitors increase specific energy by using redox-active electrolytes that are oxidized at the positive electrode and reduced at the negative electrode during charging. Here we report characteristics of several redox electrolytes to illustrate operational/self-discharge mechanisms and the design rules for high performance. We discover a methyl viologen (MV)/bromide electrolyte that delivers a high specific energy of ∼14 Wh kg(-1) based on the mass of electrodes and electrolyte, without the use of an ion-selective membrane separator. Substituting heptyl viologen for MV increases stability, with no degradation over 20,000 cycles. Self-discharge is low, due to adsorption of the redox couples in the charged state to the activated carbon, and comparable to cells with inert electrolyte. An electrochemical model reproduces experiments and predicts that 30-50 Wh kg(-1) is possible with optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Eun Chun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Brian Evanko
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Xingfeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - David Vonlanthen
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Xiulei Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Galen D Stucky
- 1] Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA [2] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Shannon W Boettcher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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Zhong J, Fan LQ, Wu X, Wu JH, Liu GJ, Lin JM, Huang ML, Wei YL. Improved energy density of quasi-solid-state supercapacitors using sandwich-type redox-active gel polymer electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Enhanced energy density of carbon-based supercapacitors using Cerium (III) sulphate as inorganic redox electrolyte. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Zu L, Cui X, Jiang Y, Hu Z, Lian H, Liu Y, Jin Y, Li Y, Wang X. Preparation and Electrochemical Characterization of Mesoporous Polyaniline-Silica Nanocomposites as an Electrode Material for Pseudocapacitors. MATERIALS 2015; 8:1369-1383. [PMID: 28788006 PMCID: PMC5507039 DOI: 10.3390/ma8041369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous polyaniline-silica nanocomposites with a full interpenetrating structure for pseudocapacitors were synthesized via the vapor phase approach. The morphology and structure of the nanocomposites were deeply investigated by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis and nitrogen adsorption-desorption tests. The results present that the mesoporous nanocomposites possess a uniform particle morphology and full interpenetrating structure, leading to a continuous conductive polyaniline network with a large specific surface area. The electrochemical performances of the nanocomposites were tested in a mixed solution of sulfuric acid and potassium iodide. With the merits of a large specific surface area and suitable pore size distribution, the nanocomposite showed a large specific capacitance (1702.68 farad (F)/g) due to its higher utilization of the active material. This amazing value is almost three-times larger than that of bulk polyaniline when the same mass of active material was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Specialty Elastomer Composite Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiuguo Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Specialty Elastomer Composite Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Yanhua Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Specialty Elastomer Composite Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Zhongkai Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Specialty Elastomer Composite Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Huiqin Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Specialty Elastomer Composite Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Specialty Elastomer Composite Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Yushun Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Specialty Elastomer Composite Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Specialty Elastomer Composite Materials, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China.
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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42
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Tian Y, Xue R, Zhou X, Liu Z, Huang L. Double layer capacitor based on active carbon and its improved capacitive properties using redox additive electrolyte of anthraquinonedisulphonate. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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43
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Nie YF, Wang Q, Yi HT, Chen XY, Zhang ZJ. Remarkable capacitive enhancement of templated carbon materials by the redox additive electrolyte of p-phenylenediamine. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11187k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoporous carbon materials with hierarchical porosities have been produced via a template carbonization method, in which potassium citrate (or gelatin) serves as the carbon precursor and Mg(OH)2 powder as the hard template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fu Nie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Controllable Chemistry Reaction & Material Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Controllable Chemistry Reaction & Material Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Hai Tao Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Controllable Chemistry Reaction & Material Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Controllable Chemistry Reaction & Material Chemical Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Zhong Jie Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Polymer Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230039
- P. R. China
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44
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Park J, Kim B, Yoo YE, Chung H, Kim W. Energy-density enhancement of carbon-nanotube-based supercapacitors with redox couple in organic electrolyte. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:19499-19503. [PMID: 25425124 DOI: 10.1021/am506258s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate for the first time that the incorporation of a redox-active molecule in an organic electrolyte can increase the cell voltage of a supercapacitor. The redox molecule also contributes to increasing the cell capacitance by a faradaic redox reaction, and therefore the energy density of the supercapacitor can be significantly increased. More specifically, the addition of redox-active decamethylferrocene in an organic electrolyte results in an approximately 27-fold increase in the energy density of carbon-nanotube-based supercapacitors. The resulting high energy density (36.8 Wh/kg) stems from the increased cell voltage (1.1 V→2.1 V) and cell capacitance (8.3 F/g→61.3 F/g) resulting from decamethylferrocene addition. We found that the voltage increase is associated with the potential of the redox species relative to the electrochemical stability window of the supporting electrolyte. These results will be useful in identifying new electrolytes for high-energy-density supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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45
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Roldán S, Barreda D, Granda M, Menéndez R, Santamaría R, Blanco C. An approach to classification and capacitance expressions in electrochemical capacitors technology. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 17:1084-92. [PMID: 25412831 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05124f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of novel types and designs of electrochemical capacitors makes it necessary to obtain a better understanding of the behavior of these systems together with a more systematic classification of them. In this study a rational classification of supercapacitors based on the charge storage mechanism and the active material of each electrode is proposed. The internationally accepted terminology - the terms symmetric, asymmetric and hybrid - is also clarified in an attempt to standardize the current definitions and facilitate the systematic classification of each device. Additionally, the selection of suitable mathematical expressions to calculate the capacitance of each kind of system is rationalized throughout the discussion taking into account the behavioral characteristics of each electrode. An examination of the potential evolution profile of each electrode during the galvanostatic cycling of the supercapacitor is presented as a key tool for understanding the fundamental behavior of these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Roldán
- Instituto Nacional del Carbón, INCAR-CSIC, Apdo. 73, 33080-Oviedo, Spain.
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46
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Vonlanthen D, Lazarev P, See KA, Wudl F, Heeger AJ. A stable polyaniline-benzoquinone-hydroquinone supercapacitor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:5095-5100. [PMID: 24923597 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A Polyaniline-Supercapacitor with quinone electrolytes remains stable over 50 000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles. The quinones provide superior stability by preventing the conversion of porous polyaniline to a highly reactive state. Our work shows that highly stable polymer-supercapacitors can be engineered by combining electrochemically active polymers and redox-active electrolytes with concerted electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vonlanthen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, 93106-5090, USA
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47
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Zhu Y, Liu E, Luo Z, Hu T, Liu T, Li Z, Zhao Q. A hydroquinone redox electrolyte for polyaniline/SnO2 supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Su L, Gong L, Zhao Y. A new strategy to enhance low-temperature capacitance: combination of two charge-storage mechanisms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:681-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53747a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Radel JC, Whitehead LA. Electrically controlled diffraction employing electrophoresis, supercapacitance, and total internal reflection. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:7469-7478. [PMID: 24216645 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.007469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The reflectance of a surface can be altered by controlling the concentration of dye ions in a region adjacent to an optically transparent and electrically conductive thin film. We present a method for nonmechanical light deflection achieved by altering the reflectance of a diffraction grating, an approach that creates new diffraction peaks that lie between those associated with the original grating spacing. We have demonstrated this effect by applying an electrical potential difference between interdigitated indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes and measuring the intensity of one of the new diffraction peaks. The measured diffraction peak intensities were found to reversibly deflect approximately 7% of the reflected light to previously nonexistent peaks. The diffraction grating was formed by patterning a thin film of planar, untreated ITO on a glass substrate using standard photolithography techniques. The size scale for this method of electrically controlled diffraction is limited only by the lithographic process; thus there is potential for the grating to deflect light to angles greater than those achievable using other methods. This approach could be used in applications such as telecommunications, where large deflection angles are required, or other applications where alternate beam-steering methods are cost prohibitive.
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50
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Yu F, Huang M, Wu J, Qiu Z, Fan L, Lin J, Lin Y. A redox-mediator-doped gel polymer electrolyte applied in quasi-solid-state supercapacitors. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuda Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials; Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University; Quanzhou 362021 Fujian China
| | - Miaoliang Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials; Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University; Quanzhou 362021 Fujian China
| | - Jihuai Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials; Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University; Quanzhou 362021 Fujian China
| | - Zhaoyuan Qiu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials; Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University; Quanzhou 362021 Fujian China
| | - Leqing Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials; Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University; Quanzhou 362021 Fujian China
| | - Jianming Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials; Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University; Quanzhou 362021 Fujian China
| | - Yibing Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials; Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University; Quanzhou 362021 Fujian China
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