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Zhang H, Yuan HR, Zhu ZJ, Zhang QH, Bai YH, Wang JY, Cao FH. A highly sensitive, long-time stable Ag/AgCl ultra-micro sensor for in situ monitoring chloride ions inside the crevice using SECM. Talanta 2024; 274:126026. [PMID: 38604039 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Tracking the variation of Cl- timely within the crevice is of great significance for comprehending the dynamic mechanism of crevice corrosion. The reported chloride ion selective electrodes are difficult to realize the long-time Cl- detection inside the confined crevice, due to their millimeter size or a relative limited lifespan. For this purpose, an Ag/AgCl ultra-micro sensor (UMS) with a radius of 12.5 μm was fabricated and optimized using laser drawing and electrodeposition techniques. Results show the AgCl film's structure is significantly impacted by the deposited current density, and further affects the linear response, life span and stability of Ag/AgCl UMS. The UMS prepared at current density of 0.1 mA/cm2 for 2 h shows a rapid response (several seconds), excellent stability and reproducibility, strong acid/alkali tolerance, sufficient linearity (R2 > 0.99), and long lifespan (86 days). Moreover, combined with the potentiometric mode of scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM), the Ag/AgCl UMS was successfully applied to monitor the in-situ radial Cl- concentration in micro-regions inside a 100 μm gap of stainless steel. The findings demonstrated that there was obvious radial difference in Cl- concentration inside the crevice, where the fastest rise in Cl- concentration was at the opening. The proposed method which combines the UMS with SECM has attractive practical applications for microzone Cl- monitoring in real time inside crevice. It may further promote the study of other localized corrosion mechanism and the development of microzone ions detection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Hao-Ran Yuan
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Ze-Jie Zhu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China.
| | - Qin-Hao Zhang
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Yi-Han Bai
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Jiang-Ying Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Fa-He Cao
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
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Bolsanello MF, Abreu García A, da Cruz Lima LX, Neto BK, Ferreira JL, Rossi JL, Costa I, Souto RM, Izquierdo J. Contributions to a More Realistic Characterization of Corrosion Processes on Cut Edges of Coated Metals Using Scanning Microelectrochemical Techniques, Illustrated by the Case of ZnAlMg-Galvanized Steel with Different Coating Densities. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1679. [PMID: 38612191 PMCID: PMC11012753 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Corrosion processes at cut edges of galvanized steels proceed as highly localized electrochemical reactions between the exposed bulk steel matrix and the protective thin metallic coating of a more electrochemically active material. Scanning microelectrochemical techniques can thus provide the spatially resolved information needed to assess the corrosion initiation and propagation phenomena, yet most methods scan cut edge sections as embedded in insulating resin to achieve a flat surface for scanning purposes. In this work, the galvanized coatings on both sides of the material were concomitantly exposed to simulated acid rain while characterizing the cut edge response using SECM and SVET techniques, thereby maintaining the coupled effects through the exposure of the whole system as rather realistic operation conditions. The cut edges were shown to strongly promote oxygen consumption and subsequent alkalization to pH 10-11 over the iron, while diffusion phenomena eventually yielded the complete depletion of oxygen and pH neutralization of the nearby electrolyte. In addition, the cathodic activation of the exposed iron was intensified with a thinner coating despite the lower presence of sacrificial anode, and preferential sites of the attack in the corners revealed highly localized acidification below pH 4, which sustained hydrogen evolution at spots of the steel-coating interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Fernandes Bolsanello
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN–SP, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (M.F.B.); (J.L.R.); (I.C.)
| | - Andrea Abreu García
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (A.A.G.); (R.M.S.)
| | | | | | | | - Jesualdo Luiz Rossi
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN–SP, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (M.F.B.); (J.L.R.); (I.C.)
| | - Isolda Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN–SP, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (M.F.B.); (J.L.R.); (I.C.)
| | - Ricardo M. Souto
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (A.A.G.); (R.M.S.)
- Institue of Materials and Nanotechnology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Javier Izquierdo
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (A.A.G.); (R.M.S.)
- Institue of Materials and Nanotechnology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
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da Silva RMP, Izquierdo J, Milagre MX, Betancor-Abreu AM, Costa I, Souto RM. Use of Amperometric and Potentiometric Probes in Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for the Spatially-Resolved Monitoring of Severe Localized Corrosion Sites on Aluminum Alloy 2098-T351. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041132. [PMID: 33561949 PMCID: PMC7915144 DOI: 10.3390/s21041132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Amperometric and potentiometric probes were employed for the detection and characterization of reactive sites on the 2098-T351 Al-alloy (AA2098-T351) using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Firstly, the probe of concept was performed on a model Mg-Al galvanic pair system using SECM in the amperometric and potentiometric operation modes, in order to address the responsiveness of the probes for the characterization of this galvanic pair system. Next, these sensing probes were employed to characterize the 2098-T351 alloy surface immersed in a saline aqueous solution at ambient temperature. The distribution of reactive sites and the local pH changes associated with severe localized corrosion (SLC) on the alloy surface were imaged and subsequently studied. Higher hydrogen evolution, lower oxygen depletion and acidification occurred at the SLC sites developed on the 2098-T351 Al-alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejane M. P. da Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares—IPEN, CNEN—Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242 São Paulo, Brazil; (M.X.M.); (I.C.)
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, E-38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands, Spain; (J.I.); (A.M.B.-A.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.P.d.S.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Javier Izquierdo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, E-38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands, Spain; (J.I.); (A.M.B.-A.)
- Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, E-38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Mariana X. Milagre
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares—IPEN, CNEN—Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242 São Paulo, Brazil; (M.X.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Abenchara M. Betancor-Abreu
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, E-38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands, Spain; (J.I.); (A.M.B.-A.)
| | - Isolda Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares—IPEN, CNEN—Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242 São Paulo, Brazil; (M.X.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Ricardo M. Souto
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, E-38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands, Spain; (J.I.); (A.M.B.-A.)
- Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Laguna, P.O. Box 456, E-38200 La Laguna (Tenerife), Canary Islands, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.P.d.S.); (R.M.S.)
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Coelho L, Taryba M, Alves M, Montemor M, Olivier MG. Unveiling the effect of the electrodes area on the corrosion mechanism of a graphite - AA2024-T3 galvanic couple by localised electrochemistry. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.04.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Scanning microelectrochemical characterization of the effect of polarization on the localized corrosion of 304 stainless steel in chloride solution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nazarov VA, Taryba MG, Zdrachek EA, Andronchyk KA, Egorov VV, Lamaka SV. Sodium- and chloride-selective microelectrodes optimized for corrosion studies. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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