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Detection of Gadolinium with an Impedimetric Platform Based on Gold Electrodes Functionalized by 2-Methylpyridine-Substituted Cyclam. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21051658. [PMID: 33670860 PMCID: PMC7957611 DOI: 10.3390/s21051658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium is extensively used in pharmaceuticals and is very toxic, so its sensitive detection is mandatory. This work presents the elaboration of a gadolinium chemical sensor based on 2-methylpyridine-substituted cyclam thin films, deposited on gold electrodes, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The 2-methylpyridine-substituted cyclam (bis-N-MPyC) was synthesized in three steps, including the protection of cyclam by the formation of its CH2-bridged aminal derivative; the product was characterized by liquid 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Spin-coated thin films of bis-N-MPyC on gold wafers were characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy in ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) mode, contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy. The impedimetric chemical sensor was studied in the presence of increasing concentrations of lanthanides (Gd3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+). Nyquist plots were fitted with an equivalent electrical circuit including two RC circuits in series corresponding to the bis-N-MPyC film and its interface with the electrolyte. The main parameter that varies with gadolinium concentration is the resistance of the film/electrolyte interface (Rp), correlated to the rate of exchange between the proton and the lanthanide ion. Based on this parameter, the detection limit obtained is 35 pM. The bis-N-MPyC modified gold electrode was tested for the detection of gadolinium in spiked diluted negative urine control samples.
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Oiye ÉN, Ribeiro MFM, Katayama JMT, Tadini MC, Balbino MA, Eleotério IC, Magalhães J, Castro AS, Silva RSM, da Cruz Júnior JW, Dockal ER, de Oliveira MF. Electrochemical Sensors Containing Schiff Bases and their Transition Metal Complexes to Detect Analytes of Forensic, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Interest. A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 49:488-509. [PMID: 30767567 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1561242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Schiff bases and their transition metal complexes are inexpensive and easy to synthesize. These compounds display several structural and electronic features that allow their application in numerous research fields. Over the last three decades, electroanalytical scientists of various areas have developed electrochemical sensors from many compounds. The present review discusses the applicability of Schiff bases, their transition metal complexes and new materials containing these compounds as electrode modifiers in sensors to detect analytes of forensic, pharmaceutical and environmental interest. In forensic sciences, Schiff bases are mainly used to analyze illicit drugs: chemical reactions involving Schiff bases can help to elucidate illicit drug production and to determine analytes in seized samples. In the environmental area, given that most methodologies provide Limit of Detection (LOD) values below the values recommended by regulatory agencies, Schiff bases constitute a promising strategy. As for pharmaceutical applications, Schiff bases represent an approach for analysis of complex biological samples containing low levels of the target analytes in the presence of a large quantity of interfering compounds. This review will show that new highly specific materials can be synthesized based on Schiff bases and applied in the pharmaceutical industry, toxicological studies, electrocatalysis and biosensors. Most literature papers have reported on Schiff bases combined with carbon paste to give a chemically modified electrode that is easy and inexpensive to produce and which displays specific and selective sensing capacity for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Naomi Oiye
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Maria Fernanda Muzetti Ribeiro
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Juliana Midori Toia Katayama
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Maraine Catarina Tadini
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Marco Antonio Balbino
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Izabel Cristina Eleotério
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Juliana Magalhães
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Alex Soares Castro
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Ricardo Soares Mota Silva
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - José Wilmo da Cruz Júnior
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Educação, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , Blumenau , Santa Catarina , Brasil
| | - Edward Ralph Dockal
- Departamento de Química - Centro de Ciências Exatas e de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos , São Carlos , São Paulo , Brasil
| | - Marcelo Firmino de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química - Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brasil
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Sanavi-Khoshnod R, Zamani HA, Joz-Yarmohammadi F, Mohammadhosseini M, Abedi MR. A New Highly Selective Neodymium(III) Polyvinylchloride Membrane Electrode Based on 4-Hydroxypyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid as an Active Material. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934818010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ouari K, Merzougui M, Karmazin L. Crystal structure of 1,1'-{(pentane-1,5-di-yl)bis[(aza-niumylyl-idene)methanylyl-idene]}bis(naphthalen-2-olate). Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:1010-2. [PMID: 26396836 PMCID: PMC4555373 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015014437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The whole mol-ecule of the title compound, C27H26N2O2, is generated by twofold rotational symmetry, with the central C atom of the pentyl chain located on the twofold rotation axis. The compound crystallizes as a bis-zwitterion, and there are two intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds generating S(6) ring motifs. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by pairs of C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming ribbons propagating along [001], and enclosing R 2 (2)(22) ring motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Ouari
- Laboratoire d’lectrochimie, d’Ingénierie Moléculaire et de Catalyse Redox, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat Abbas Sétif-1, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Moufida Merzougui
- Laboratoire d’lectrochimie, d’Ingénierie Moléculaire et de Catalyse Redox, Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat Abbas Sétif-1, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Lydia Karmazin
- Service de Radiocristallographie, Institut de Chimie UMR 7177 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, BP296/R8, 67008 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Singhal D, Singh AK, Upadhyay A. Highly selective potentiometric and colorimetric determinations of cobalt (II) ion using thiazole based ligands. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 45:216-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Al Zoubi W, Al Mohanna N. Membrane sensors based on Schiff bases as chelating ionophores--a review. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 132:854-870. [PMID: 24947440 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of chemical sensors has received widespread attention during the past two decades because of their extensive use in environmental monitoring and clinical analysis via rapid, accurate, reproducible, and low-cost methods. Chemically modified CPEs have frequently been employed as potentiometric sensors in trace analysis for metal ions, organic pollutants and biological substances. Most of these electrodes are operated via the ion-exchange process of the active component incorporated into the carbon paste matrix. This review article concentrates on such achievements in the context of the general development across the field. An overview of potentiometric sensors that are capable of detecting metal ions in environmental samples is presented and discussed. A survey on important advances in potentiometric sensors with regard to high selectivity, lower detection limit, and fast response time is presented in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wail Al Zoubi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Damascus, Syria.
| | - NaDeem Al Mohanna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Damascus, Syria
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Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial, DNA cleavage and SOD activities of some 3d metal complexes of ethyl[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)methyleneamino]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylate. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bandi KR, Singh AK, Upadhyay A. Construction and performance characteristics of polymeric membrane electrode and coated graphite electrode for the selective determination of Fe³⁺ ion. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 36:187-93. [PMID: 24433903 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel Fe(3+) ion-selective polymeric membrane electrodes (PMEs) were prepared using three different ionophores N-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)thiazol-2-amine [L1], 5-((3-methylthiophene-2yl) methyleneamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol [L2] and N-((3-methylthiophene-2yl)methylene)thiazol-2-amine [L3] and their potentiometric characteristics were discussed. Effect of various plasticizers and anion excluders was also studied in detail and improved performance was observed. The best performance was obtained for the membrane electrode having a composition of L2:PVC:o-NPOE:NaTPB as 3:38.5:56:2.5 (w/w; mg). A coated graphite electrode (CGE) was also prepared with the same composition and compared. CGE is found to perform better as it shows a wider working concentration range of 8.3×10(-8)-1.0×10(-1)molL(-1), a lower detection limit of 2.3×10(-8)molL(-1), and a near Nernstian slope of 19.5 ± 0.4 mVdecade(-1) of activity with a response time of 10s. The CGE shows a shelf life of 6 weeks and in view of high selectivity, it can be used to quantify Fe(3+) ion in water, soil, vegetable and medicinal plants. It can also be used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of EDTA with Fe(3+) ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koteswara Rao Bandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ashok K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
| | - Anjali Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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