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Li T, Ciampi S, Darwish N. The Surface Potential of Zero Charge Controls the Kinetics of Diazonium Salts Electropolymerization. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiexin Li
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Simone Ciampi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
| | - Nadim Darwish
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley WA 6102 Australia
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2
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Electrografting a Hybrid Bilayer Membrane via Diazonium Chemistry for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Amyloid-β Aggregation. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040574. [PMID: 35457879 PMCID: PMC9029378 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel hybrid bilayer membrane is introduced as a platform to study the aggregation of amyloid-β1–42 (Aβ1–42) peptide on surfaces. The first layer was covalently attached to a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) via diazonium electrodeposition, which provided a highly stable template for the hybrid bilayer formation. To prepare the long-chain hybrid bilayer membrane (lcHBLM)-modified electrodes, GCE surfaces were modified with 4-dodecylbenzenediazonium (DDAN) followed by the modification with dihexadecyl phosphate (DHP) as the second layer. For the preparation of short-chain hybrid bilayer membrane (scHBLM)-modified electrodes, GCE surfaces were modified with 4-ethyldiazonium (EDAN) as the first layer and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHP) was utilized as the second layer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) were used to characterize the bilayer formation. Both positively charged [Ru(NH3)6]3+ and negatively charged ([Fe(CN)6]3-/4-) redox probes were used for electrochemical characterization of the modified surfaces using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS results showed a decrease in charge transfer resistance (Rct) upon incubation of Aβ1–42 on the hybrid bilayer-modified surfaces. This framework provides a promising electrochemical platform for designing hybrid bilayers with various physicochemical properties to study the interaction of membrane-bound receptors and biomolecules on surfaces.
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Lenne Q, Andrieux V, Levanen G, Bergamini JF, Nicolas P, Paquin L, Lagrost C, Leroux YR. Electrochemical grafting of aryl diazonium salts in deep eutectic solvents. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pilan L. Tailoring the performance of electrochemical biosensors based on carbon nanomaterials via aryldiazonium electrografting. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 138:107697. [PMID: 33486222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNs) offer some of the most valuable properties for electrochemical biosensing applications, such as good electrical conductivity, wide electrochemical stability, high specific surface area, and biocompatibility. Regardless the envisioned sensing application, endowing CNs with specific functions through controlled chemical functionalization is fundamental for promoting the specific binding of the analyte. As a versatile and straightforward method of surface functionalization, aryldiazonium chemistry have been successfully used to accommodate in a stable and reproducible way different functionalities, while the electrochemical route has become the favourite choice since the deposition conditions can be readily controlled and adapted to the substrate. In particular, the modification of CNs by electrochemical reduction of aryl diazonium salts is established as a powerful tool which allows tailoring the chemical and electronic properties of the sensing platform. By outlining the stimulating results disclosed in the last years, this article provides not only a comprehensively review, but also a rational assessment on contribution of aryldiazonium electrografting in developing CNs-based electrochemical biosensors. Furthermore, some of the emerging challenges to be surpassed to effectively implement this methodology for in vivo and point of care analysis are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Pilan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Gh Polizu 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
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5
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Mattiuzzi A, Lenne Q, Carvalho Padilha J, Troian-Gautier L, Leroux YR, Jabin I, Lagrost C. Strategies for the Formation of Monolayers From Diazonium Salts: Unconventional Grafting Media, Unconventional Building Blocks. Front Chem 2020; 8:559. [PMID: 32766206 PMCID: PMC7381217 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pioneered by J. Pinson and coll. in 1990s, the reductive grafting of aryldiazonium salts has become a powerful method for surface functionalization. Highly robust interfaces result from this surface attachment, resistant to heat, chemical degradation and ultrasonication. Importantly, this approach can be applied to many materials, ranging from conducting, semi-conducting, oxides to insulating substrates. In addition, either massive, flat surfaces or nanomaterials can be functionalized. The method is easy to process and fast. The grafting process involves the formation of highly reactive aryl radicals able to attack the substrate. However, the generated radicals can also react with already-grafted aryl species, leading to the formation of loosely-packed polyaryl multilayer films, typically of 10-15 nm thick. It is thus highly challenging to control the vertical extension of the deposited layer and to form well-ordered monolayers from aryldiazonium salts. In this mini review, we briefly describe the different strategies that have been developed to prepare well-ordered monolayers. We especially focus on two strategies successfully used in our laboratories, namely the use of unconventional solvents, i.e., room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), as grafting media and the use of calixarene macrocycles by taking benefit of their pre-organized structure. These strategies give large possibilities for the structuring of interfaces with the widest choice of materials and highlight the potential of aryldiazonium grafting as a competitive alternative to self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkyl thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janine Carvalho Padilha
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Kudas Z, Atmaca U, Saruhan T, Celik M, Ekinci D. Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen at Glassy Carbon Electrodes Coated with Diazonium‐derived Porphyrin/Metalloporphyrin Films. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuleyha Kudas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesAtatürk University 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Ufuk Atmaca
- Department of Food Processing, Oltu Vocational CollegeAtatürk University 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Tuba Saruhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesAtatürk University 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Murat Celik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesAtatürk University 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Duygu Ekinci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesAtatürk University 25240 Erzurum Turkey
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7
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Mattiuzzi A, Troian-Gautier L, Mertens J, Reniers F, Bergamini JF, Lenne Q, Lagrost C, Jabin I. Robust hydrophobic gold, glass and polypropylene surfaces obtained through a nanometric covalently bound organic layer. RSC Adv 2020; 10:13553-13561. [PMID: 35492995 PMCID: PMC9051540 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The (electro)chemical grafting of a polyfluorinated calix[4]arene on gold, polypropylene and glass is reported. The modified surfaces were characterized by ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A nanometric, robust and uniform monolayer of covalently surface-bound calix[4]arenes was obtained on the three different materials. For all surfaces, contact angles higher than 110° were recorded, highlighting the hydrophobic character given by this ∼2 nm thin organic monolayer. Remarkably, the contact angle values remained unchanged after 18 months under a laboratory atmosphere. The results presented herein thus present an attractive and sustainable strategy for bringing hydrophobic properties to the interface of a wide range of materials. The grafting of a polyfluorinated calix[4]arene-tetradiazonium derivative on various surfaces led to the formation of very robust and stable hydrophobic monolayers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Mattiuzzi
- X4C 128 Rue du Chêne Bonnet 6110 Montigny-le-Tilleul Belgium
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) CP 160/06, 50 Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - Jérémy Mertens
- Chemistry of Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanomaterials - ChemSIN, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) CP 255, Campus de la Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | - François Reniers
- Chemistry of Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanomaterials - ChemSIN, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) CP 255, Campus de la Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe 1050 Brussels Belgium
| | | | - Quentin Lenne
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | | | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) CP 160/06, 50 Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 1050 Brussels Belgium
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Troian-Gautier L, Mattiuzzi A, Reinaud O, Lagrost C, Jabin I. Use of calixarenes bearing diazonium groups for the development of robust monolayers with unique tailored properties. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3624-3637. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00070a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Calixarene-based diazonium salts can be easily synthesized in a few steps. This review surveys recent examples that illustrate the key advantages of these highly reactive molecular platforms for surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Mattiuzzi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
- X4C
| | - Olivia Reinaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques
- CNRS UMR 8601
- Université de Paris
- 75006 Paris
- France
| | | | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique
- Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
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9
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Macedo LJA, Lima FCDA, Amorim RG, Freitas RO, Yadav A, Iost RM, Balasubramanian K, Crespilho FN. Interplay of non-uniform charge distribution on the electrochemical modification of graphene. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:15048-15057. [PMID: 30052241 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03893g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is considered a model material for surfaces because it is stable despite being composed of a single layer of carbon atoms. Although the thermal and electronic properties of graphene are well reported, the behavior of graphene sheets with the addition of charges to the structure is not well understood. Combining infrared spectroscopy, electrochemical analysis, and computational simulations, we report the effect of an electrochemically induced covalent anchoring of 4-carboxyphenyl (4-CP) units on the optical and electronic properties of graphene. Charges in graphene become concentrated at specific sites of the sheet when electrochemically perturbed and the functionalization occurs inhomogeneously along the graphene sheet. We observed that, when graphene is covalently functionalized, the resistance to heterogeneous electron transfer is increased by a factor of 1.4. Furthermore, scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy show that the covalent functionalization affects drastically the optical and physical properties of the graphene/SiO2 system, especially the plasmon-phonon coupling after the functionalization. In addition, from these we infer that a comparatively higher degree of functionalization occurs near the electrode edges. These results are supported by computational simulations, which show that the covalent anchoring of 4-CP units weakens electron transfer because the charges are retained on the sp3-hybridized carbon atoms generated upon functionalization, suggesting that graphene properties are deeply influenced by the way the molecules are immobilized on its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyano J A Macedo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil.
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Cao C, Zhang Y, Jiang C, Qi M, Liu G. Advances on Aryldiazonium Salt Chemistry Based Interfacial Fabrication for Sensing Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:5031-5049. [PMID: 28124552 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aryldiazonium salts as coupling agents for surface chemistry have evidenced their wide applications for the development of sensors. Combined with advances in nanomaterials, current trends in sensor science and a variety of particular advantages of aryldiazonium salt chemistry in sensing have driven the aryldiazonium salt-based sensing strategies to grow at an astonishing pace. This review focuses on the advances in the use of aryldiazonium salts for modifying interfaces in sensors and biosensors during the past decade. It will first summarize the current methods for modification of interfaces with aryldiazonium salts, and then discuss the sensing applications of aryldiazonium salts modified on different transducers (bulky solid electrodes, nanomaterials modified bulky solid electrodes, and nanoparticles). Finally, the challenges and perspectives that aryldiazonium salt chemistry is facing in sensing applications are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaomin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | - Meng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University , North Ryde 2109, Australia
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11
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Breton T, Downard AJ. Controlling Grafting from Aryldiazonium Salts: A Review of Methods for the Preparation of Monolayers. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch17262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification by grafting from aryldiazonium salts has been widely studied and applied to many substrates as a simple and versatile method for preparing strongly adherent organic coatings. Unless special precautions or conditions are used, the usual film structure is a loosely packed disordered multilayer; however, over the past decade, attention has been paid to establishing strategies for grafting just a monolayer of modifiers to the surface. To date, four general approaches to monolayer preparation have emerged: use of aryldiazonium ions with cleavable protection groups; use of aryldiazonium ions with steric constraints; grafting in the presence of a radical scavenger; and grafting from ionic liquids. This review describes these approaches, illustrates some of their applications, and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each.
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12
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Menanteau T, Dabos-Seignon S, Levillain E, Breton T. Impact of the Diazonium Grafting Control on the Interfacial Reactivity: Monolayer versus Multilayer. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Menanteau
- MOLTECH-Anjou; Université d'Angers, UMR CNRS 6200; 2 Boulevard Lavoisier 49045 Angers France
| | - Sylvie Dabos-Seignon
- MOLTECH-Anjou; Université d'Angers, UMR CNRS 6200; 2 Boulevard Lavoisier 49045 Angers France
| | - Eric Levillain
- MOLTECH-Anjou; Université d'Angers, UMR CNRS 6200; 2 Boulevard Lavoisier 49045 Angers France
| | - Tony Breton
- MOLTECH-Anjou; Université d'Angers, UMR CNRS 6200; 2 Boulevard Lavoisier 49045 Angers France
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13
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Carvalho Padilha J, Noël JM, Bergamini JF, Rault-Berthelot J, Lagrost C. Functionalization of Carbon Materials by Reduction of Diazonium Cations Produced in Situ in a Brønstedt Acidic Ionic Liquid. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201500434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Carvalho Padilha
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes- UMR 6226; CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; 35042 Rennes Cedex France
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana; Av. Tancredo Neves, 6731 85867-970 Foz do Iguaçu Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Noël
- ITODYS-UMR 7086; CNRS Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15; rue J-A de Baïf 75205 Paris Cedex 13 France
| | - Jean-François Bergamini
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes- UMR 6226; CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Joëlle Rault-Berthelot
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes- UMR 6226; CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; 35042 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Corinne Lagrost
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes- UMR 6226; CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; 35042 Rennes Cedex France
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Berisha A, Chehimi M, Pinson J, Podvorica F. Electrode Surface Modification Using Diazonium Salts. ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY: A SERIES OF ADVANCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1201/b19196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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Phenothiazines grafted on the electrode surface from diazonium salts as molecular layers for photochemical generation of singlet oxygen. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Greaves TL, Drummond CJ. Protic Ionic Liquids: Evolving Structure-Property Relationships and Expanding Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:11379-448. [PMID: 26426209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar L Greaves
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Calum J Drummond
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University , GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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17
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Shul G, Weissmann M, Bélanger D. Electrochemical characterization of glassy carbon electrode modified with 1,10-phenanthroline groups by two pathways: reduction of the corresponding diazonium ions and reduction of phenanthroline. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.12.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Menanteau T, Levillain E, Downard AJ, Breton T. Evidence of monolayer formation via diazonium grafting with a radical scavenger: electrochemical, AFM and XPS monitoring. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:13137-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01401h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AFM monitoring of controlled surface modification with a radical scavenger.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Menanteau
- MOLTECH-Anjou
- Université d'Angers
- UMR CNRS 6200
- 49045 Angers
- France
| | - E. Levillain
- MOLTECH-Anjou
- Université d'Angers
- UMR CNRS 6200
- 49045 Angers
- France
| | - A. J. Downard
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Canterbury
- Christchurch 8140
- New Zealand
| | - T. Breton
- MOLTECH-Anjou
- Université d'Angers
- UMR CNRS 6200
- 49045 Angers
- France
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