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Nanostructured Iridium Oxide: State of the Art. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10080115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iridium Oxide (IrO2) is a metal oxide with a rutile crystalline structure, analogous to the TiO2 rutile polymorph. Unlike other oxides of transition metals, IrO2 shows a metallic type conductivity and displays a low surface work function. IrO2 is also characterized by a high chemical stability. These highly desirable properties make IrO2 a rightful candidate for specific applications. Furthermore, IrO2 can be synthesized in the form of a wide variety of nanostructures ranging from nanopowder, nanosheets, nanotubes, nanorods, nanowires, and nanoporous thin films. IrO2 nanostructuration, which allows its attractive intrinsic properties to be enhanced, can therefore be exploited according to the pursued application. Indeed, IrO2 nanostructures have shown utility in fields that span from electrocatalysis, electrochromic devices, sensors, fuel cell and supercapacitors. After a brief description of the IrO2 structure and properties, the present review will describe the main employed synthetic methodologies that are followed to prepare selectively the various types of nanostructures, highlighting in each case the advantages brought by the nanostructuration illustrating their performances and applications.
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Islam MF, Rakib RH, Alamry KA, Rahman MM, Hasnat MA. Electrocatalytic oxidation of catechol using IrOx-ITO electrode in aqueous medium. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Seol D, Jung S, Kim B, Kim YT, Yi M, Lee H, Oh J, Jang JH, Kim Y. Data Mining of Heterogeneous Electrical Conduction in the Electrode Components of Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:23576-23583. [PMID: 32329334 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The electrodes of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) primarily contain a Pt/C catalyst and Nafion binder. Since these components play crucial roles in the redox reaction and proton transport, respectively, their distributions can directly affect the electrochemical reactivity and thus the device performance. Although analyzing the component distribution is important to understand its electrochemical reactivity and improve the device performance, determining it for the PEMFC electrode remains a challenging task. Herein, we propose a strategy for visualizing the spatial distribution of the electrode components and their heterogeneous electrical properties using multidimensional current-voltage (I-V) spectroscopy combined with data mining. The electrical properties of the electrode components, i.e., the Pt/C catalyst and Nafion binder, were explored by I-V spectroscopy, and their electrical heterogeneity was spatially classified based on the shapes of the measured I-V curves by cluster analysis. The results show that the components and their interfacial structure can be spatially visualized from the surface electrical heterogeneity. The proposed method is expected to be applicable for investigating in detail not only the spatial properties of PEMFC electrodes but also the properties of various material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehee Seol
- School of Advanced Materials and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonho Jung
- School of Advanced Materials and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- School of Advanced Materials and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Taek Kim
- Fuel Cell Technology Development Team, Hyundai Motor Group, Seoul 06797, Republic of Korea
| | - MiHye Yi
- MEA Engineering Design TEAM, Hyundai Motor Group, Yongin 16891, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonhee Lee
- MEA Engineering Design TEAM, Hyundai Motor Group, Yongin 16891, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyup Oh
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyuck Jang
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseok Kim
- School of Advanced Materials and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Technology, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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WO3 decorated carbon nanotube supported PtSn nanoparticles with enhanced activity towards electrochemical oxidation of ethylene glycol in direct alcohol fuel cells. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kwon S, Ham DJ, Kim T, Kwon Y, Lee SG, Cho M. Active Methanol Oxidation Reaction by Enhanced CO Tolerance on Bimetallic Pt/Ir Electrocatalysts Using Electronic and Bifunctional Effects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:39581-39589. [PMID: 30370757 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based metal alloys have been generally developed to provide high carbon monoxide resistance in the anodes of direct methanol fuel cells. We report the potential of bimetallic platinum/iridium electrocatalysts in preserving the outstanding carbon monoxide tolerance obtained from both experimental and theoretical studies, which represents the enhanced electrochemical performance of methanol oxidation and the in-depth and stepwise investigations for reaction mechanisms, respectively. In this study, the findings highlight the dual-enhancement characteristics of low carbon monoxide adsorption energy (electronic effect) and carbon monoxide oxidative removal (bifunctional effect) compared with various electrocatalysts such as platinum, iridium, and platinum/ruthenium alloys. In addition, the reaction affinity of platinum/iridium alloys for methanol dehydrogenation is also studied in accordance with atomistic properties, such as adsorption energy and electronic band gap, to understand the electrochemical performance compared to Pt. The results obtained indicate that the platinum/iridium alloy surface played diverse roles in terms of its multifunctional behaviors for carbon monoxide tolerance, including the favorable mechanism of methanol dehydrogenation. It turns out that throughout the theoretical in-depth studies, platinum/iridium alloys are promising candidates in terms of the extension for electrocatalytic material designs that differ from Ru in direct methanol fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong Jin Ham
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science of Technology , 77 Cheongam-ro , Nam-gu, Pohang 37673 , Gyeongbuk , Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences , Chonbuk National University , Iksan 54596 , Republic of Korea
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Üçtuğ FG, Nijem J. Effect of polymer sulfonation on the proton conductivity and fuel cell performance of polyvinylalcohol-mordenite direct methanol fuel cell membranes. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fehmi Görkem Üçtuğ
- Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science; Izmir University of Economics; 35330 Balçova Izmir Turkey
| | - Jinan Nijem
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering; Bahcesehir University; 34353, Besiktas Istanbul Turkey
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Carbon-Supported Pd and PdFe Alloy Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Cathodes. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10060580. [PMID: 28772937 PMCID: PMC5552173 DOI: 10.3390/ma10060580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are electrochemical devices that efficiently produce electricity and are characterized by a large flexibility for portable applications and high energy density. Methanol crossover is one of the main obstacles for DMFC commercialization, forcing the search for highly electro-active and methanol tolerant cathodes. In the present work, carbon-supported Pd and PdFe catalysts were synthesized using a sodium borohydride reduction method and physico-chemically characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray techniques such as photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The catalysts were investigated as DMFC cathodes operating at different methanol concentrations (up to 10 M) and temperatures (60 °C and 90 °C). The cell based on PdFe/C cathode presented the best performance, achieving a maximum power density of 37.5 mW·cm-2 at 90 °C with 10 M methanol, higher than supported Pd and Pt commercial catalysts, demonstrating that Fe addition yields structural changes to Pd crystal lattice that reduce the crossover effects in DMFC operation.
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Xu W, Yan L, Wang H, Liaw S, Luo H. Niobium-doped titanium dioxide on a functionalized carbon supported palladium catalyst for enhanced ethanol electro-oxidation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05208a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pd nanoparticles anchored on Nb-doped TiO2 with functionalized carbon support (denoted as Pd/Nb–TiO2–C) is synthesized through a controllable hydrolysis and impregnation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichuan Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- New Mexico 88003
- USA
| | - Litao Yan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- New Mexico 88003
- USA
| | - Huiqiang Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
- Agricultural University of Hebei
- Baoding 071001
- China
| | - Steven Liaw
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- New Mexico 88003
- USA
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- New Mexico 88003
- USA
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Lu T, Lin J, Liu X, Wang X, Zhang T. Structure Evolution and Hydrogenation Performance of IrFe Bimetallic Nanomaterials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2771-2779. [PMID: 26940131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
By a reverse microemulsion method, a series of IrFe bimetallic nanomaterials of variable morphologies and compositions is synthesized and characterized by (57)Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, XRD, XPS, and TEM. The structure evolution, such as IrFe alloy nanoparticles to Ir nanoparticles on Fe2O3 flakes, can be simply tuned by changing the molar ratio of Ir to Fe precursors. In terms of Fe, the relative content of IrFe alloy decreased with the increase of Fe species doped, while that of Fe2O3 flakes increased until reached 100%. The as-prepared IrFe bimetallic nanomaterials were served as catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of 3-nitrostyrene to 3-aminostyrene, and it is found that the catalytic performance was related to the morphology and composition of these nanomaterials. Ir1Fe4 was subsequently identified to be a highly active and exceedingly selective catalyst with good stability and recyclability for the hydrogenation of 3-nitrostyrene, underscoring a remarkable "synergistic effect" of the two metals appearing as the form of Ir nanoparticles loaded on Fe2O3 flakes. For Ir nanoparticles, they act as an active species for the hydrogenation; for Fe2O3 flakes, they favor the preferential adsorption of nitro groups, which account for the better chemoselectivity to objective product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
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Tapan NA, Günay ME, Yildirim R. Constructing global models from past publications to improve design and operating conditions for direct alcohol fuel cells. Chem Eng Res Des 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kakati N, Maiti J, Lee SH, Jee SH, Viswanathan B, Yoon YS. Anode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells in acidic media: do we have any alternative for Pt or Pt-Ru? Chem Rev 2015; 114:12397-429. [PMID: 25537109 DOI: 10.1021/cr400389f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitul Kakati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gachon University , 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Republic of Korea
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