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Interfacial Deposition of Titanium Dioxide at the Polarized Liquid-Liquid Interface. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062196. [PMID: 35329648 PMCID: PMC8950645 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial polycondensation of titanium dioxide was studied at the bare and fiberglass membrane supported polarized liquid–liquid interface (LLI). Titanium dioxide synthesis was derived from the titanium (IV) tetrabutoxide (initially dissolved in the 1,2-dichloroethane) interfacial hydrolysis followed by its condensation. Experimental parameters, such as the pH of the aqueous phase and the influence of titanium alkoxide concentration in the organic phase on the electrochemical signal and material morphology, were investigated. The latter was achieved with fiberglass membranes used as the LLI support during TiO2 interfacial deposition. Cyclic voltammetry was used for the in situ studies, whereas scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy were used during ex situ examination. The interfacial polycondensation reaction could be studied using electrified LLI and resulted in the material being a TiO2 film alone or film decorated with particles.
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2
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Viada BN, García MC, Yudi LM. Interfacial behaviour and quantitative analysis of hexadecyl phosphocholine drug at a polarized liquid/liquid interface. Analyst 2021; 147:109-119. [PMID: 34847570 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01641e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interfacial behaviour of the amphiphilic drug hexadecyl phosphocholine (HePC, also called miltefosine) was analysed by cyclic voltammetry applied at the water/1,2-dichloroethane interface. HePC is the only oral drug currently approved for the treatment of visceral, mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Because of its amphiphilic character, it can interact with biological membranes, solubilizing their compounds and leading to cell disruption. These interactions are responsible for its side effects and toxicity; therefore, HePC quantification in biological fluids and pharmaceutical preparations is extremely important. However, the lack of a chromophore in its structure prevents its spectroscopic determination. For this reason, the main challenge of this work was to propose an electroanalytical method for the quantification of this drug, which constitutes a simpler alternative than liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry already reported. With this aim, in the first part of this work, the mechanism of the electrochemical process occurring after polarizing the interface was studied. By varying the experimental conditions, it was possible to determine that in a first step, at open circuit or at low potential values, HePC spontaneously adsorbed to the interface. Later, as the potential increased, the transfer of the anions present in the organic phase towards the aqueous side of the interface, where the HePC polar head groups were present, occurred thus forming adsorbed "ion pairs" and producing an increase in positive current. Subsequently, in the negative sweep, the "ion pairs" dissociated and desorbed giving rise to a negative peak. In this way, both negative and positive currents were considered useful for quantitative purposes. In the second part of this work, an appropriate experimental procedure was designed and proposed as a quantitative methodology for the HePC determination, which consisted of cleaning the interface and controlling the time at open circuit, followed by the voltammetric analysis. A linear response of both, positive or negative, peak currents with drug concentration was obtained within an acceptable range, providing a simple solution for the HePC quantification problem. Future studies will be carried out to evaluate the quantification and selectivity in real matrices containing polymer micelles working as HePC nanocarriers with the aim of avoiding the adverse effects of HePC when it is orally or intravenously administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Nahuel Viada
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Córdoba, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, INFIQC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mónica Cristina García
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica, UNITEFA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lidia Mabel Yudi
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Córdoba, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, INFIQC, Córdoba, Argentina
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3
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Duan L, Wang C, Zhang W, Ma B, Deng Y, Li W, Zhao D. Interfacial Assembly and Applications of Functional Mesoporous Materials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14349-14429. [PMID: 34609850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Functional mesoporous materials have gained tremendous attention due to their distinctive properties and potential applications. In recent decades, the self-assembly of micelles and framework precursors into mesostructures on the liquid-solid, liquid-liquid, and gas-liquid interface has been explored in the construction of functional mesoporous materials with diverse compositions, morphologies, mesostructures, and pore sizes. Compared with the one-phase solution synthetic approach, the introduction of a two-phase interface in the synthetic system changes self-assembly behaviors between micelles and framework species, leading to the possibility for the on-demand fabrication of unique mesoporous architectures. In addition, controlling the interfacial tension is critical to manipulate the self-assembly process for precise synthesis. In particular, recent breakthroughs based on the concept of the "monomicelles" assembly mechanism are very promising and interesting for the synthesis of functional mesoporous materials with the precise control. In this review, we highlight the synthetic strategies, principles, and interface engineering at the macroscale, microscale, and nanoscale for oriented interfacial assembly of functional mesoporous materials over the past 10 years. The potential applications in various fields, including adsorption, separation, sensors, catalysis, energy storage, solar cells, and biomedicine, are discussed. Finally, we also propose the remaining challenges, possible directions, and opportunities in this field for the future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Changyao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Bing Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yonghui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Dongyuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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4
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Voltammetric study of cefotaxime at the macroscopic and miniaturized interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:413. [PMID: 34751834 PMCID: PMC8578136 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of cefotaxime (CTX+) was investigated at the polarized macro- and micro-interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) by cyclic voltammetry and alternating current voltammetry. Miniaturization was achieved with fused silica microcapillary tubing entrapped in a polymeric casing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed for the fabricated LLI support characterization. Voltammetric investigation of CTX+ at macro- and μ-ITIES allowed the determination of many physicochemical parameters, such as formal Galvani potential of the ion transfer reaction (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\Delta }_{org}^{aq}{\varPhi}^{\prime }$$\end{document}ΔorgaqΦ′), diffusion coefficients (D), formal free Gibbs energy of the ion transfer reaction (∆G′aq → org), and water-1,2-dichloroethane partition coefficient (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\log}{P}_{water/ DCE}^{CTX+}$$\end{document}logPwater/DCECTX+). Additionally, based on the results obtained the analytical parameters including voltammetric sensitivity, limits of detection and the limits of quantification (in micromolar range) were calculated. The applicability of the developed procedures was verified in spiked still mineral and tap water samples.
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Kowalewska K, Rodriguez-Prieto T, Skrzypek S, Cano J, Ramírez RG, Poltorak L. Electroanalytical study of five carbosilane dendrimers at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. Analyst 2021; 146:1376-1385. [PMID: 33403382 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02101f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work is focused on the electroanalytical study of a family of five imidazolium-terminated carbosilane dendrimers (from generation G1 to G3) at the polarized liquid-liquid interface formed between water and 1,2-dichloroethane solutions. All dendrimers with permanently and positively charged imidazolium groups located at the periphery within the branched carbosilane core were found to be electrochemically active. Based on the concentration and scan rate dependencies we have concluded that these molecules undergo interfacial ion transfer processes accompanied by interfacial adsorption/desorption rather than the electrochemically induced interfacial formation of the macromolecule-anion (tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate) from the organic phase complex. Also, we report several physicochemical and electroanalytical parameters (e.g. diffusion coefficients, LODs, and detection sensitivities) for the studied family of dendrimers. Our work aims to contribute to the understating of the interaction between branched macromolecules and biomimetic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kowalewska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Electroanalysis and Electrochemistry Group, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland.
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Borgul P, Rudnicki K, Chu L, Leniart A, Skrzypek S, Sudhölter EJ, Poltorak L. Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of polyelectrolytes at the surface of a fiberglass membrane used as a support of the polarized liquid–liquid interface. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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7
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8
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Kowalewska K, Sipa K, Leniart A, Skrzypek S, Poltorak L. Electrochemistry at the liquid–liquid interface rediscovers interfacial polycondensation of nylon-6,6. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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9
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Vaněčková E, Bouša M, Vivaldi F, Gál M, Rathouský J, Kolivoška V, Sebechlebská T. UV/VIS spectroelectrochemistry with 3D printed electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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10
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Lakshminarayanan V, Poltorak L, Bosma D, Sudhölter EJR, van Esch JH, Mendes E. Locally pH controlled and directed growth of supramolecular gel microshapes using electrocatalytic nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9092-9095. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04238e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Micro-shapes of supramolecular hydrogels composed of oriented fibres were grown from locally deposited electrocatalytic Pt NPs after electrochemical pH modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Delft University of Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
- University of Lodz
| | - Duco Bosma
- Delft University of Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. R. Sudhölter
- Delft University of Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Jan H. van Esch
- Delft University of Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Mendes
- Delft University of Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
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11
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Poltorak L, van der Meijden N, Oonk S, Sudhölter EJ, de Puit M. Acid phosphatase behaviour at an electrified soft junction and its interfacial co-deposition with silica. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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12
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Collins MC, Hébrant M, Herzog G. Ion transfer at polarised liquid-liquid interfaces modified with adsorbed silica nanoparticles. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Poltorak L, Eggink I, Hoitink M, Sudhölter EJR, de Puit M. Electrified Soft Interface as a Selective Sensor for Cocaine Detection in Street Samples. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7428-7433. [PMID: 29781600 PMCID: PMC6011179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A straightforward,
direct, and selective method is presented for
electrochemical cocaine identification in street samples. The sensing
mechanism is based on a simple ion transfer reaction across the polarized
liquid–liquid interface. The interfacial behavior of a number
of cutting agents is also reported. Interfacial miniaturization has
led to improved electroanalytical properties of the liquid–liquid
interface based sensor as compared with the macroscopic analogue.
The reported method holds great potential to replace colorimetric
tests with poor selectivity for on-site street sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Poltorak
- Delft University of Technology , Department of Chemical Engineering , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | | | - Marnix Hoitink
- Delft University of Technology , Department of Chemical Engineering , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J R Sudhölter
- Delft University of Technology , Department of Chemical Engineering , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Marcel de Puit
- Delft University of Technology , Department of Chemical Engineering , Van der Maasweg 9 , 2629 HZ Delft , The Netherlands.,Netherlands Forensic Institute, Forensic Biometric Traces , Laan van Ypenburg 6 , 2497 GB The Hague , The Netherlands
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14
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Determination of the critical micellar concentration of perfluorinated surfactants by cyclic voltammetry at liquid/liquid interfaces. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Poltorak L, Sudhölter EJ, de Smet LC. Effect of charge of quaternary ammonium cations on lipophilicity and electroanalytical parameters: Task for ion transfer voltammetry. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Xie L, Huang X, Lin X, Su B. Nanoscopic liquid/liquid interface arrays supported by silica isoporous membranes: Trans-membrane resistance and ion transfer reactions. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Huang X, Xie L, Lin X, Su B. Permselective Ion Transport Across the Nanoscopic Liquid/Liquid Interface Array. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6563-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Institute of Analytical
Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lisiqi Xie
- Institute of Analytical
Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingyu Lin
- Institute of Analytical
Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical
Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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18
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Local pH changes triggered by photoelectrochemistry for silica condensation at the liquid-liquid interface. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.11.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Herzog G. Recent developments in electrochemistry at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions for ion sensing. Analyst 2015; 140:3888-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00601e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The most recent developments on electrochemical sensing of ions at the liquid–liquid interface are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Herzog
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement (LCPME)
- UMR 7564
- CNRS – Université de Lorraine
- Villers-lès-Nancy
- France
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