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Wu L, Garg S, Waite TD. Electrochemical treatment of wastewaters containing metal-organic complexes: A one-step approach for efficient metal complex decomposition and selective metal recovery. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133526. [PMID: 38278072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic complexes, especially those of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with metals such as copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) (denoted here as Cu-EDTA and Ni-EDTA), are common contaminants in wastewaters from chemical and plating industries. In this study, a multi-electrode (ME) system using a two-chamber reactor and two pairs of electrodes is proposed for simultaneous electrochemical oxidation of a wastewater containing both Cu-EDTA and Ni-EDTA complexes as well as separation and selective recovery of Cu and Ni onto two different cathodes via electrodeposition. Our results demonstrate that the ME system successfully achieved 90% EDTA removal, 99% solid Cu recovery at the Cu recovery cathode and 56% Ni recovery (33.3% on the Ni recovery cathode and 22.6% in the solution) after a four-hour operation. The system further achieved 85.5% Ni recovery after consecutive five cycles of operation for 20 h. While Cu removal was mainly driven by the direct reduction of EDTA-complexed Cu(II) at the cathode, oxidation of EDTA within the Ni-EDTA complex at the anode was a prerequisite for Ni removal. The oxidation of metal-bound EDTA and free EDTA was driven by •OH and direct electron transfer on the PbO2 anode surface and graphite anode, respectively. We further show that ME system performs well for all pH conditions, treatment of real wastewaters as well as wastewaters containing other metals ions (Cr and Zn) along with Cu/Ni. The separation efficiency of Cu and Ni is dependent on applied electrode potential as well as nature and concentration of binding ligand present with comparatively lower separation efficiency achieved in the presence of weaker binding capacity and/or at lower ligand concentration and lower applied electrode potential. As such, some optimization of electrode potential is required depending on the nature/concentration of ligands in the wastewaters. Overall, this study provides new insights into the design and operation of EAOP technology for effective organic abatement and metal recovery from wastewaters containing mixtures of various metal-organic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu 214206, PR China; UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shikha Garg
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu 214206, PR China; UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Kim JG, Kim HB, Lee S, Kwon EE, Baek K. Mechanistic investigation into flow-through electrochemical oxidation of sulfanilamide for groundwater using a graphite anode. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136106. [PMID: 35988764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The technical effectiveness/merit of electrochemical oxidation (EO) has been recognized. Nonetheless, its practical application to groundwater remediation has not been fully implemented due to several technical challenges. To overcome the technical incompleteness, this study adopted a graphite anode in the flow-through system and studied the mechanistic roles of a graphite anode. To this end, groundwater contaminated with sulfanilamide was remediated by means of EO, and sulfanilamide oxidation was quantitatively determined in this study. Approximately 60% of sulfanilamide was degraded at the anode zone, and such observation offered that the removal of sulfanilamide was not closely related with current variations (10-100 mA). However, this study delineated that sulfanilamide removal is contingent on the flow speed. For example, the removal of sulfanilamide was lowered from 59 to 25% owing to a short contact time when the flow velocity was increased from 0.14 to 0.55 cm/min. This study also delineated that a shorter anode-cathode distance could offer a favorable chance to enhance the removal of sulfanilamide even under an identical current. A shorter distance could offer a chance to save energy due to the lower voltage operation. This study also offered that chloride (Cl-) and sulfate (SO42-) electrolytes served a crucial role in the generation of active species. In contrast, bicarbonate (HCO3-) and synthetic groundwater electrolytes impeded the oxidation rate because HCO3- scavenged the other active species. In an effort to seek the oxidation mechanisms of a graphite anode, scavenger, cyclic voltammetry test, and electron https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_paramagnetic_resonanceparamagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis were done. From a series of the tests, it was inferred that a graphite anode did not directly affect the generation of the active species. Thus, the prevalence of the oxygenated functional groups on an anode surface could be the main mechanism in sulfanilamide removal due to the enhanced electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Gook Kim
- Department of Environment & Energy (BK21 FOUR), Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea; Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Bin Kim
- Department of Environment & Energy (BK21 FOUR), Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea; Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Lee
- Department of Environment & Energy (BK21 FOUR), Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea; Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environment & Energy (BK21 FOUR), Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea; Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea; School of Civil/Environmental/Resource and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Huang C, Huang W, Xiong J, Wang S. Mechanism and excellent performance of graphite felt as anodes in electrochemical system for Microcystis aeruginosa and microcystin-LR removal with no pH limitation nor chemical addition. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhu Y, Qiu S, Deng F, Ma F, Li G, Zheng Y. Three-dimensional nickel foam electrode for efficient electro-Fenton in a novel reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:730-740. [PMID: 30160203 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1509890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the bottlenecks often encountered in electro-Fenton technology is its low ability to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Thus, the hunt of suitable electrodes and reactor are a must to be tackled in order to improve the efficiency of the system. In this study, three-dimensional nickel foam was selected as cathode for in situ generating H2O2 efficiently and graphite was the control group in an enhanced oxygen mass transfer reactor. The micro-structure and electrochemical performance of electrodes were tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel polarization techniques, respectively. The concentration of H2O2 produced by nickel foam cathode was 780.63 μmol/L and the removal efficiency of rhodamine B (RhB) was reached to 92.5% in 60 min. SEM and Tafel results showed that both nickel foam and graphite electrodes were porous structure cathodes. Moreover, CV and EIS experimental results indicated nickel foam electrode was controlled by charge transfer process while had a better transfer than graphite electrode. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra results demonstrated that the main oxidant species involved was ·OH, accounting for RhB degradation in electro-Fenton progress. Therefore, in terms of pollutant degradation in the electro-Fenton process, nickel foam electrode together with novel reactor was a promising technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshi Zhu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Qiu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Deng
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Ma
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanshi Zheng
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Sun M, Zhang Y, Liu HH, Zhang F, Zhai LF, Wang S. Room-temperature air oxidation of organic pollutants via electrocatalysis by nanoscaled Co-CoO on graphite felt anode. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:104977. [PMID: 31295645 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) in air is an eco-friendly and economical oxidant. However, its activation is an energy-intensive process requiring high operation temperature. Herein, we report the synthesis of nanoscaled Co-CoO on a graphite felt (GF) as an anode material for electrocatalytic wet air oxidation (ECWAO) of water contaminants at room temperature. Such an ECWAO process shows extensive effectiveness in mineralizing a variety of biorefractory organic pollutants. A probe pollutant, bisphenol A (BPA), is rapidly degraded in 180 min with mineralization efficiencies higher than 85% over a wide pH range from 3.0 to 11.0. The Co-CoO/GF electrode exhibits excellent stability in the ECWAO process, without loss of activity and leaching of metal. The ECWAO process is confirmed to be initiated by the electrochemical activation of O2 through a non-radical pathway. The CoO on the surface of Co nanoparticle is identified as the catalytically active site, at which O2 molecules are first converted to chemisorbed oxygen species and then electrochemically oxidized to their activated states. The ECWAO process with the Co-CoO/GF electrode presents the merits of high efficiency, low energy input and environmental friendliness, and has a great potential for practical wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hui-Hui Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Lin-Feng Zhai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA5005, Australia.
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Sun M, Zhang Y, Kong SY, Zhai LF, Wang S. Excellent performance of electro-assisted catalytic wet air oxidation of refractory organic pollutants. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 158:313-321. [PMID: 31051376 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is a clean process for the treatment of toxic and/or biorefractory contaminants while it is a challenge to perform the CWAO at room temperature. Herein, we report an electro-assisted CWAO (ECWAO) process using partially oxidized nickel (Ni@NiO) immobilized on a porous graphite felt (GF) as a catalytic anode. Such a process demonstrates extensive effectiveness and good stability in the deep oxidation of various organic pollutants including triclosan (TCS), bisphenol A, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, congo red, crystal violent and rodamine B at room temperature. The typical pollutant TCS is rapidly degraded within 105 min with a mineralization efficiency of 86.0 ± 1.4%, at specific energy consumption of 5.3 ± 0.3 kW h kg-TOC-1. NiO is identified as the catalytically active site at which O2 is dissociated and electro-activated to oxidize the TCS at room temperature. The ECWAO process on the anodic Ni@NiO/GF presents a great potential as an environmental-friendly and energy-saving process for treating high concentrations of refractory organic pollutants under ambient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Shi-Yu Kong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Lin-Feng Zhai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA5005, Australia.
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Wang S, Yang B, Liu Y. Synthesis of a hierarchical SnS2 nanostructure for efficient adsorption of Rhodamine B dye. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 507:225-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Photoelectrocatalysis of Rhodamine B and Solar Hydrogen Production by TiO 2 and Pd/TiO 2 Catalyst Systems. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang Y, Lu Z, Zhu Z, Zhao X, Gao N, Wang D, Hua Z, Yan Y, Huo P, Song M. Enhanced selective photocatalytic properties of a novel magnetic retrievable imprinted ZnFe2O4/PPy composite with specific recognition ability. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07132e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of the selective photocatalytic degradation of different organic contaminants over imprinted ZnFe2O4/PPy composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youshan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Ziyang Lu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Nailing Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Dandan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Zhoufa Hua
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Pengwei Huo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- P. R. China
| | - Minshan Song
- School of Mathematics and Physics
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
- Zhenjiang 212003
- PR China
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