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Jin M, Sun G, Wang Y, Yuan J, Zhao H, Wang G, Zhou J, Xie E, Pan X. Boosting Charge Transport and Catalytic Performance in MoS 2 by Zn 2+ Intercalation Engineering for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2017-2029. [PMID: 38193899 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been widely studied as catalysts for lithium-sulfur batteries due to their good catalytic properties. However, their poor electronic conductivity leads to slow sulfur reduction reactions. Herein, a simple Zn2+ intercalation strategy was proposed to promote the phase transition from semiconducting 2H-phase to metallic 1T-phase of MoS2. Furthermore, the Zn2+ between layers can expand the interlayer spacing of MoS2 and serve as a charge transfer bridge to promote longitudinal transport along the c-axis of electrons. DFT calculations further prove that Zn-MoS2 possesses better charge transfer ability and stronger adsorption capacity. At the same time, Zn-MoS2 exhibits excellent redox electrocatalytic performance for the conversion and decomposition of polysulfides. As expected, the lithium-sulfur battery using Zn0.12MoS2-carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as the cathode has high specific capacity (1325 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C), excellent rate performance (698 mAh g-1 at 3 C), and outstanding cycle performance (it remains 604 mAh g-1 after 700 cycles with a decay rate of 0.045% per cycle). This study provides valuable insights for improving electrocatalytic performance of lithium-sulfur batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Jin
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, and School of Physical Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guowen Sun
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, and School of Physical Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, and School of Physical Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junsheng Yuan
- School of Materials and Energy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haixing Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, and School of Physical Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, and School of Physical Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, and School of Physical Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Erqing Xie
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, and School of Physical Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaojun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, and School of Physical Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Liu F, Guan Y, Du X, Liu G, Sun D, Li J. A conductive and ordered macroporous structure design of titanium oxide-based catalytic cathode for lithium-sulfur batteries. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:125704. [PMID: 34852338 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3f15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is hindered by the insulating characteristic of sulfur and slow reaction kinetics of lithium polysulfides. Here, we propose a three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) structured conductive polar Ta-doped TiO2framework with supported Co active site (CoTa@TiO2) to enhance the conversion kinetics of polysulfides. The 3DOM structure serves as an efficient sulfur host for the active sulfur through abundant pores and adsorption site. At the same time, the macropores can buffer the volume expansion of sulfur and enlarged mass transfer. The strong electrostatic attraction between Ti-O bond and polysulfide also promotes the adsorption of polysulfides. Moreover, the doped-Ta improves the conductivity of TiO2by narrowing the band gap, whereas the supported Co can accelerate the catalytic transformation. Benefited from advanced structural design and synergistic effect of Co and Ta doped TiO2,the Li-S cell with 3DOM CoTa@TiO2cathode exhibits an impressive areal capacity of 3.4 mAh cm-2under a high sulfur loading of 5.1 mg cm-2. This work provides an alternative strategy for the development of carbon-based cathode materials for Li-S batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yani Guan
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohang Du
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Daolai Sun
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingde Li
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and High Efficient Energy Saving, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China
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Radhika G, Subadevi R, Sivakumar M. Sulfur Nested with Mixture of MnO2/AB Composite as Efficient Host for High-Performance Li–S Batteries. J CHEM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-020-1755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nisha S, Lakshminarayanan V, Senthil Kumar A. Electrochemical Reaction Assisted 2D π-Stacking of Benzene on a MWCNT Surface and its Unique Redox and Electrocatalytic Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9-19. [PMID: 31825230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Turning the π-structure and electronic properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a cutting-edge research topic in interdisciplinary areas of material chemistry. In general, chemical functionalization of CNT has been adopted for this purpose, which has resulted in a few monolayer thickness increment of CNT diameter size. Herein, we report an interesting observation of >10-fold increment in the apparent diameter of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) brought about by a process of self-assembly of the BZ moiety on MWCNT, which is formed by electrochemical oxidation of a surface-adsorbed benzene-water cluster, {BZ-nH2O}. From physicochemical characterizations by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman and IR spectroscopic techniques and electrochemical characterizations by several radical scavenger species, it has been revealed that benzene radical moieties as a series of π-stacked layers ([BZ]-π-stack) were self-assembled on the MWCNT surface. A possible mechanism for their formation was proposed to be electrochemical oxidation of H2O from the MWCNT@{BZ-nH2O}ads layer to oxygen gas via hydroxyl radical formation and benzene cationic radical species at 1.2 V vs Ag/AgCl followed by its self-assembly into a unique MWCNT@[BZ]-π-stack network. The scanning electrochemical microscopic (SECM) technique was used to identify the in situ •OH radical formation. The electrochemical studies of a glassy-carbon-modified MWCNT@[BZ]-π-stack system showed a well-defined and highly symmetrical redox peak at an equilibrium potential E1/2 = 0.2 V vs Ag/AgCl (pH 2 HCl/KCl), with a peak-to-peak potential separation of 0 V, highlighting the ideal-surface-confined electron-transfer nature of the redox couple. Furthermore, enhanced electrical conductivity over the unmodified MWCNT was observed when testing the surface-sensitive redox couple Fe3+/Fe2+ with the modified electrode. This new redox material showed a specific electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide at neutral pH (pH 7 phosphate buffer solution) unlike the quinone and other organic redox mediators, which show the reduction signal only in the presence of horseradish peroxidase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V Lakshminarayanan
- Soft and Condensed Matter , Raman Research Institute , C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar , Bengaluru 560 080 , India
| | - Annamalai Senthil Kumar
- Soft and Condensed Matter , Raman Research Institute , C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar , Bengaluru 560 080 , India
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Tian Y, Li G, Zhang Y, Luo D, Wang X, Zhao Y, Liu H, Ji P, Du X, Li J, Chen Z. Low-Bandgap Se-Deficient Antimony Selenide as a Multifunctional Polysulfide Barrier toward High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904876. [PMID: 31697001 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The shuttling behavior and sluggish conversion kinetics of the intermediate lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) represent the main obstructions to the practical application of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Herein, an anion-deficient design of antimony selenide (Sb2 Se3- x ) is developed to establish a multifunctional LiPS barrier toward the inhibition of polysulfide shuttling and enhancement of battery performance. The defect chemistry in the as-developed Sb2 Se3- x promotes the intrinsic conductivity, strengthens the chemical affinity to LiPSs, and catalyzes the sulfur electrochemical conversion, which are verified by a series of computational and experimental results. Attributed to these unique superiorities, the obtained LiPS barrier efficiently promotes and stabilizes the sulfur electrochemistry, thus enabling excellent Li-S battery performance, e.g., outstanding cyclability over 500 cycles at 1.0 C with a minimum capacity fading rate of 0.027% per cycle, a superb rate capability up to 8.0 C, and a high areal capacity of 7.46 mAh cm-2 under raised sulfur loading. This work offers a defect engineering strategy toward fast and durable sulfur electrochemistry, holding great promise in developing practically viable Li-S batteries as well as enlightening the material design of related energy storage and conversion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Gaoran Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xin Wang
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Guangdong, 510631, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Puguang Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Xiaohang Du
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Jingde Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Liu X, Chen P, Chen J, Zeng Q, Wang Z, Li Z, Zhang L. A nitrogen-rich hyperbranched polymer as cathode encapsulated material for superior long-cycling lithium-sulfur batteries. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhang Y, Mu Z, Lai J, Chao Y, Yang Y, Zhou P, Li Y, Yang W, Xia Z, Guo S. MXene/Si@SiO x@C Layer-by-Layer Superstructure with Autoadjustable Function for Superior Stable Lithium Storage. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2167-2175. [PMID: 30689350 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite its very high capacity (4200 mAh g-1), the widespread application of the silicon anode is still hampered by severe volume changes (up to 300%) during cycling, which results in electrical contact loss and thus dramatic capacity fading with poor cycle life. To address this challenge, 3D advanced Mxene/Si-based superstructures including MXene matrix, silicon, SiO x layer, and nitrogen-doped carbon (MXene/Si@SiO x@C) in a layer-by-layer manner were rationally designed and fabricated for boosting lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The MXene/Si@SiO x@C anode takes the advantages of high Li+ ion capacity offered by Si, mechanical stability by the synergistic effect of SiO x, MXene, and N-doped carbon coating, and excellent structural stability by forming a strong Ti-N bond among the layers. Such an interesting superstructure boosts the lithium storage performance (390 mAh g-1 with 99.9% Coulombic efficiency and 76.4% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 10 C) and effectively suppresses electrode swelling only to 12% with no noticeable fracture or pulverization after long-term cycling. Furthermore, a soft package full LIB with MXene/Si@SiO x@C anode and Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 (NCM622) cathode was demonstrated, which delivers a stable capacity of 171 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C, a promising energy density of 485 Wh kg-1 based on positive active material, as well as good cycling stability for 200 cycles even after bending. The present MXene/Si@SiO x@C becomes among the best Si-based anode materials for LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelong Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P.R. China
- School of Applied Physics and Materials , Wuyi University , 22 Dongcheng Village , Jiangmen 529020 , P.R. China
| | - Zijie Mu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P.R. China
| | - Jianping Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P.R. China
| | - Yuguang Chao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P.R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P.R. China
| | - Yiju Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P.R. China
| | - Wenxiu Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P.R. China
| | - Zhonghong Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P.R. China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P.R. China
- BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , P.R. China
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9
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Li H, Sun L, Wang G. Self-Assembly of Polyethylene Glycol-Grafted Carbon Nanotube/Sulfur Composite with Nest-like Structure for High-Performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:6061-6071. [PMID: 26890092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The novel polyethylene glycol-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotube/sulfur (PEG-CNT/S) composite cathodes with nest-like structure are fabricated through a facile combination process of liquid phase deposition and self-assembly, which consist of the active material core of sulfur particle and the conductive shell of PEG-CNT network. The unique architecture not only provides a short and rapid charge transfer pathway to improve the reaction kinetics but also alleviates the volume expansion of sulfur during lithiation and minimizes the diffusion of intermediate polysulfides. Such an encouraging electrochemical environment ensures the excellent rate capability and high cycle stability. As a result, the as-prepared PEG-CNT/S composite with sulfur content of 75.9 wt % delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1191 and 897 mAh g(-1) after 200 cycles at 0.2 C with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.5%. Even at a high rate of 2 C, an appreciable capacity of 723 mAh g(-1) can still be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Gengchao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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Jin F, Xiao S, Lu L, Wang Y. Efficient Activation of High-Loading Sulfur by Small CNTs Confined Inside a Large CNT for High-Capacity and High-Rate Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:440-447. [PMID: 26675744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur with a high specific capacity of 1673 mAh g(-1) is yet to be used as commercial cathode for lithium batteries because of its low utilization rate and poor cycle stability. In this work, a tube-in-tube carbon structure is demonstrated to relieve the critical problems with sulfur cathode: poor electrical conductivity, dissolution of lithium polysulfides, and large volume change during cycling. A number of small carbon nanotubes (∼20 nm in diameter) and a high loading amount of 85.2 wt % sulfur are both filled completely inside a large amorphous carbon nanotube (∼200 nm in diameter). Owing to the presence of these electrically conductive, highly flexible and structurally robust small CNTs and a large CNT overlayer, sulfur material exhibits a high utilization rate and delivers a large discharge capacity of 1633 mAh g(-1) (based on the mass of sulfur) at 0.1 C, approaching its theoretical capacity (1673 mAh g(-1)). The obtained S-CNTs@CNT electrode demonstrates superior high-rate cycling performances. Large discharge capacities of ∼1146, 1121, and 954 mAh g(-1) are observed after 150 cycles at large current rates of 1, 2, and 5 C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiying Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shangda Road 99, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Suo Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shangda Road 99, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shangda Road 99, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shangda Road 99, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
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Wu D, Huang Y, Hu X. A sulfurization-based oligomeric sodium salt as a high-performance organic anode for sodium ion batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11207-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05727f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An attractive sulfurization-based oligomeric sodium salt of Na2PDS exhibits a highly reversible sodium-storage activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Yunhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Xianluo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
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12
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Guo L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Ma L, Ma S, Zhang Y, Wang E, Bi Y, Wang D, McKee WC, Xu Y, Chen J, Zhang Q, Nan C, Gu L, Bruce PG, Peng Z. Unlocking the energy capabilities of micron-sized LiFePO4. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7898. [PMID: 26235395 PMCID: PMC4532849 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilization of LiFePO4 as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries often requires size nanonization coupled with calcination-based carbon coating to improve its electrochemical performance, which, however, is usually at the expense of tap density and may be environmentally problematic. Here we report the utilization of micron-sized LiFePO4, which has a higher tap density than its nano-sized siblings, by forming a conducting polymer coating on its surface with a greener diazonium chemistry. Specifically, micron-sized LiFePO4 particles have been uniformly coated with a thin polyphenylene film via the spontaneous reaction between LiFePO4 and an aromatic diazonium salt of benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate. The coated micron-sized LiFePO4, compared with its pristine counterpart, has shown improved electrical conductivity, high rate capability and excellent cyclability when used as a 'carbon additive free' cathode material for rechargeable Li-ion batteries. The bonding mechanism of polyphenylene to LiFePO4/FePO4 has been understood with density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yelong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Lipo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Shunchao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yantao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Erkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Yujing Bi
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of science, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Deyu Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of science, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - William C. McKee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Jitao Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Cewen Nan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 China
| | - Peter G. Bruce
- Departments of Materials and Chemistry, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH UK
| | - Zhangquan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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