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Yi H, Patel R, Patel KD, Bouchard LS, Jha A, Perriman AW, Patel M. Conducting polymer-based scaffolds for neuronal tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:11006-11023. [PMID: 37953707 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01838e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal tissue engineering has immense potential for treating neurological disorders and facilitating nerve regeneration. Conducting polymers (CPs) have emerged as a promising class of materials owing to their unique electrical conductivity and biocompatibility. CPs, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), polypyrrole (PPy), and polyaniline (PANi), have been extensively explored for their ability to provide electrical cues to neural cells. These polymers are widely used in various forms, including porous scaffolds, hydrogels, and nanofibers, and offer an ideal platform for promoting cell adhesion, differentiation, and axonal outgrowth. CP-based scaffolds can also serve as drug delivery systems, enabling localized and controlled release of neurotrophic factors and therapeutic agents to enhance neural regeneration and repair. CP-based scaffolds have demonstrated improved neural regeneration, both in vitro and in vivo, for treating spinal cord and peripheral nerve injuries. In this review, we discuss synthesis and scaffold processing methods for CPs and their applications in neuronal tissue regeneration. We focused on a detailed literature review of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagje Yi
- Bio-Convergence (BC), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, South Korea
| | - Rajkumar Patel
- Energy & Environmental Science and Engineering (EESE), Integrated Science and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsugu, Incheon, 21938, South Korea
| | - Kapil D Patel
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- Research School of Chemistry (RSC), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | - Amitabh Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Adam Willis Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- Research School of Chemistry (RSC), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- John Curtin School of Medical Research (JCSMR), Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
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2
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Cheah E, Bansal M, Nguyen L, Chalard A, Malmström J, O'Carroll SJ, Connor B, Wu Z, Svirskis D. Electrically responsive release of proteins from conducting polymer hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:87-100. [PMID: 36640949 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrically modulated delivery of proteins provides an avenue to target local tissues specifically and tune the dose to the application. This approach prolongs and enhances activity at the target site whilst reducing off-target effects associated with systemic drug delivery. The work presented here explores an electrically active composite material comprising of a biocompatible hydrogel, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and a conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), generating a conducting polymer hydrogel. In this paper, the key characteristics of electroactivity, mechanical properties, and morphology are characterized using electrochemistry techniques, atomic force, and scanning electron microscopy. Cytocompatibility is established through exposure of human cells to the materials. By applying different electrical-stimuli, the short-term release profiles of a model protein can be controlled over 4 h, demonstrating tunable delivery patterns. This is followed by extended-release studies over 21 days which reveal a bimodal delivery mechanism influenced by both GelMA degradation and electrical stimulation events. This data demonstrates an electroactive and cytocompatible material suitable for the delivery of protein payloads over 3 weeks. This material is well suited for use as a treatment delivery platform in tissue engineering applications where targeted and spatio-temporal controlled delivery of therapeutic proteins is required. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Growth factor use in tissue engineering typically requires sustained and tunable delivery to generate optimal outcomes. While conducting polymer hydrogels (CPH) have been explored for the electrically responsive release of small bioactives, we report on a CPH capable of releasing a protein payload in response to electrical stimulus. The composite material combines the benefits of soft hydrogels acting as a drug reservoir and redox-active properties from the conducting polymer enabling electrical responsiveness. The CPH is able to sustain protein delivery over 3 weeks, with electrical stimulus used to modulate release. The described material is well suited as a treatment delivery platform to deliver large quantities of proteins in applications where spatio-temporal delivery patterns are paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Cheah
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mahima Bansal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anaïs Chalard
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jenny Malmström
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon J O'Carroll
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bronwen Connor
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Cheah E, Wu Z, Thakur SS, O'Carroll SJ, Svirskis D. Externally triggered release of growth factors - A tissue regeneration approach. J Control Release 2021; 332:74-95. [PMID: 33600882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration aims to achieve functional restoration following injury by creating an environment to enable the body to self-repair. Strategies for regeneration rely on the introduction of biomaterial scaffolding, cells and bioactive molecules into the body, at or near the injury site. Of these bioactive molecules, growth factors (GFs) play a pivotal role in directing regenerative pathways for many cell populations. However, the therapeutic use of GFs has been limited by the complexity of biological injury and repair, and the properties of the GFs themselves, including their short half-life, poor tissue penetration, and off-target side effects. Externally triggered delivery systems have the potential to facilitate the delivery of GFs into the target tissues with considerations of the timing, sequence, amount, and location of GF presentation. This review briefly discusses the challenges facing the therapeutic use of GFs, then, we discuss approaches to externally trigger GF release from delivery systems categorised by stimulation type; ultrasound, temperature, light, magnetic fields and electric fields. Overall, while the use of GFs for tissue regeneration is still in its infancy, externally controlled GF delivery technologies have the potential to achieve robust and effective solutions to present GFs to injured tissues. Future technological developments must occur in conjunction with a comprehensive understanding of the biology at the injury site to ensure translation of promising technologies into real world benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Cheah
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Zimei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sachin S Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon J O'Carroll
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Jalal NR, Madrakian T, Afkhami A, Ghoorchian A. Graphene oxide nanoribbons/polypyrrole nanocomposite film: Controlled release of leucovorin by electrical stimulation. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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5
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Xu Y, Huang Z, Pu X, Yin G, Zhang J. Fabrication of Chitosan/Polypyrrole‐coated poly(L‐lactic acid)/Polycaprolactone aligned fibre films for enhancement of neural cell compatibility and neurite growth. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12588. [PMID: 30972893 PMCID: PMC6536449 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zhongbing Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ximing Pu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Guangfu Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jiankai Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Shang L, Huang Z, Pu X, Yin G, Chen X. Preparation of Graphene Oxide-Doped Polypyrrole Composite Films with Stable Conductivity and Their Effect on the Elongation and Alignment of Neurite. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1268-1278. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhongbing Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ximing Pu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guangfu Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xianchun Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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7
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Zhu M, Hao Y, Ma X, Feng L, Zhai Y, Ding Y, Cheng G. Construction of a graphene/polypyrrole composite electrode as an electrochemically controlled release system. RSC Adv 2019; 9:12667-12674. [PMID: 35515836 PMCID: PMC9063647 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00800d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A biocompatible conductive composite electrode GN–PPy–FL can realize controlled release of a drug model triggered by low voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
| | - Ying Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- P. R. China
| | - Xun Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanxin Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- P. R. China
| | - Yaping Ding
- Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- P. R. China
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8
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Lalegül-Ülker Ö, Elçin AE, Elçin YM. Intrinsically Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites for Cellular Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1078:135-153. [PMID: 30357622 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0950-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically conductive polymer nanocomposites have a remarkable potential for cellular applications such as biosensors, drug delivery systems, cell culture systems and tissue engineering biomaterials. Intrinsically conductive polymers transmit electrical stimuli between cells, and induce regeneration of electroactive tissues such as muscle, nerve, bone and heart. However, biocompatibility and processability are common issues for intrinsically conductive polymers. Conductive polymer composites are gaining importance for tissue engineering applications due to their excellent mechanical, electrical, optical and chemical functionalities. Here, we summarize the different types of intrinsically conductive polymers containing electroactive nanocomposite systems. Cellular applications of conductive polymer nanocomposites are also discussed focusing mainly on poly(aniline), poly(pyrrole), poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) and poly(thiophene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Lalegül-Ülker
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Eser Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Murat Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey. .,Biovalda Health Technologies, Inc., Ankara, Turkey.
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9
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Wang Q, Hu S, Yang T, Ma S, Liu Y, Ma C, Wan M, Mao C. A novel H2O2 biosensor based on three-dimensional micro/nano-biointerfaces. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:4233-4238. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00353f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel H2O2 biosensor was first reported to directly grow living cells on three-dimensional micro/nano-biointerfaces to promote electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
| | - Sisheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- School of Life Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Tian Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
| | - Shangshang Ma
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
| | - Yuhong Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
| | - Chunxue Ma
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
| | - Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
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Enhancement of neurite adhesion, alignment and elongation on conductive polypyrrole-poly(lactide acid) fibers with cell-derived extracellular matrix. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 149:217-225. [PMID: 27768911 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) can promote peripheral nerve repair. In this study, a conductive fiber-film (CFF) with core-sheath structure and conductivity of ∼10Scm-1 was prepared by electrospinning of aligned poly(l-lactide acid) (PLLA) fibers and electrochemical deposition of polypyrole (PPy) nanoparticles. Then the multiple components of ECM, including laminin, fibronectin and collagen, were coated on the surface of CFF by culturing and lysing L929 cells to fabricate the bioactive scaffold of ECM-linked CFF (ECM-CFF). The electrical stimulation (ES) of 100mV/cm for 14days and 2h per day did not significantly decrease the conductivity of ECM-CFF. The results of PC12 cells test indicated that, cells adhesion rate, neurite-bearing cell rate and neurite alignment rate on ECM-CFF were ∼95%, ∼77%, ∼70%, respectively, significantly larger than the corresponding values on bare CFF (17%, 29% and 14%, respectively). The neurites length on ECM-CFF (∼79mm) was also larger than that on bare CFF (∼25mm). ES of 100mV/cm onto PC12 cells through ECM-CFF could significantly promote neurite extension in first 3days of the neurite growth. These results indicated that, the combination of ECM-CFF with ES could improve the nerve regeneration by encouraging neural-cell adhesion, neurite growth and extension.
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