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Volgmann K, Epp V, Langer J, Stanje B, Heine J, Nakhal S, Lerch M, Wilkening M, Heitjans P. Solid-State NMR to Study Translational Li Ion Dynamics in Solids with Low-Dimensional Diffusion Pathways. Z PHYS CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2017-0952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fundamental research on lithium ion dynamics in solids is important to develop functional materials for, e.g. sensors or energy storage systems. In many cases a comprehensive understanding is only possible if experimental data are compared with predictions from diffusion models. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), besides other techniques such as mass tracer or conductivity measurements, is known as a versatile tool to investigate ion dynamics. Among the various time-domain NMR techniques, NMR relaxometry, in particular, serves not only to measure diffusion parameters, such as jump rates and activation energies, it is also useful to collect information on the dimensionality of the underlying diffusion process. The latter is possible if both the temperature and, even more important, the frequency dependence of the diffusion-induced relaxation rates of actually polycrystalline materials is analyzed. Here we present some recent systematic relaxometry case studies using model systems that exhibit spatially restricted Li ion diffusion. Whenever possible we compare our results with data from other techniques as well as current relaxation models developed for 2D and 1D diffusion. As an example, 2D ionic motion has been verified for the hexagonal form of LiBH4; in the high-temperature limit the diffusion-induced 7Li NMR spin-lattice relaxation rates follow a logarithmic frequency dependence as is expected from models introduced for 2D diffusion. A similar behavior has been found for Li
x
NbS2. In Li12Si7 a quasi-1D diffusion process seems to be present that is characterized by a square root frequency dependence and a temperature behavior of the 7Li NMR spin-lattice relaxation rates as predicted. Most likely, parts of the Li ions diffuse along the Si5 rings that form chains in the Zintl phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Volgmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstr. 3 – 3a, D-30167 Hannover , Germany
- ZFM – Center for Solid State Chemistry and New Materials , Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstr. 3 – 3a, D-30167 Hannover , Germany
| | - Viktor Epp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstr. 3 – 3a, D-30167 Hannover , Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries , Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz) , Stremayrgasse 9 , A-8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Julia Langer
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries , Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz) , Stremayrgasse 9 , A-8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Bernhard Stanje
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries , Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz) , Stremayrgasse 9 , A-8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Jessica Heine
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstr. 3 – 3a, D-30167 Hannover , Germany
- ZFM – Center for Solid State Chemistry and New Materials , Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstr. 3 – 3a, D-30167 Hannover , Germany
| | - Suliman Nakhal
- Institut für Chemie, Sekr. C2 , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Martin Lerch
- Institut für Chemie, Sekr. C2 , Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135 , D-10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Martin Wilkening
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstr. 3 – 3a, D-30167 Hannover , Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Lithium Batteries , Graz University of Technology (NAWI Graz) , Stremayrgasse 9 , A-8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Paul Heitjans
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstr. 3 – 3a, D-30167 Hannover , Germany
- ZFM – Center for Solid State Chemistry and New Materials , Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstr. 3 – 3a, D-30167 Hannover , Germany
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Fan K, Tang J, Wu S, Yang C, Hao J. Adsorption and diffusion of lithium in a graphene/blue-phosphorus heterostructure and the effect of an external electric field. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:267-275. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05983j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption and diffusion behavior of Li in a G/BP heterostructure can be modulated by an external electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Fan
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing
- Sichuan University of Arts and Science
- Dazhou
- China
| | - Jing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University of Arts and Science
- Dazhou
- China
| | - Shiyun Wu
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing
- Sichuan University of Arts and Science
- Dazhou
- China
| | - Chengfu Yang
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing
- Sichuan University of Arts and Science
- Dazhou
- China
| | - Jiabo Hao
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing
- Sichuan University of Arts and Science
- Dazhou
- China
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