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Pratama JN, Song H, Kim H, Lee H, Shin D, Bae B. Evaluating the Durability of Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membranes in Fuel Cells Using Combined Open-Circuit Voltage-Accelerated Stability Testing. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1348. [PMID: 38794541 PMCID: PMC11125022 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the chemical and mechanical durability of membranes used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, highlighting the essential role of electrochemical tests in understanding the relationship between durability and performance. Our methodology integrates various electrochemical evaluation techniques to assess the degradation of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes. The results highlight the considerable improvement in the chemical and mechanical durability of annealed 3M PFSA-reinforced composite membranes (RCMs) compared with their non-annealed counterparts and other membrane types, indicating their superior resilience under challenging conditions. Moreover, the results of using a combined open-circuit voltage-accelerated stability testing protocol demonstrate that annealed 3M PFSA RCMs exhibit enhanced resilience, reaching 18,000 cycles before failure, considerably outperforming NR 211 (5000 cycles) and other membranes. In addition, membrane deterioration over time can be precisely measured by interpreting electrochemical indicators (electrochemically active surface area, circuit resistance, high-frequency resistance, and proton resistance). This approach provides a clear relationship between electrochemical data and durability, offering a comprehensive understanding of how different membranes withstand operational stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juniko Nur Pratama
- Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea; (J.N.P.); (H.S.); (D.S.)
- Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Song
- Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea; (J.N.P.); (H.S.); (D.S.)
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hansung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea; (J.N.P.); (H.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Dongwon Shin
- Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea; (J.N.P.); (H.S.); (D.S.)
- Hydrogen Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungchan Bae
- Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea; (J.N.P.); (H.S.); (D.S.)
- Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Alves-Lima D, Li X, Coulson B, Nesling E, Ludlam G, Degl’Innocenti R, Dawson R, Peruffo M, Lin H. Evaluation of water states in thin proton exchange membrane manufacturing using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lee DH, Yun GT, Doo G, Yuk S, Guim H, Kim Y, Jung WB, Jung HT, Kim HT. Hierarchical Wrinkle-Structured Catalyst Layer/Membrane Interface for Ultralow Pt-Loading Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1174-1182. [PMID: 35073103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The optimal architecture of three-dimensional (3D) interface between a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and catalyst layer (CL) is one of the most important issues to improve PEM fuel cells' (PEMFCs) performance. Here, we report the fabrication of hierarchical wrinkled PEM/CL interface over a large area. We fabricated the hierarchical wrinkles on a multiscale from nanometers to micrometers by bottom-up-based facile, scalable, and simple method. Notably, it allows one to go beyond the limit of the catalyst utilization by extremely enlarged interfacial area. The resulting hierarchical wrinkled PEM/CL displays a dramatically increased electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) and power performance by the enhancement factors of 89% and 67% compared with those of flat interface, which is one of the best enhancements compared to previous PEMFCs. We believe the scalability of hierarchical wrinkled interface can be exploited to design advanced 3D interfaces for high-performance PEMFCs even with ultralow Pt-loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Tae Yun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gisu Doo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Yuk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanuk Guim
- Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Yesol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Bin Jung
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Tak Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Battery Center, KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Colón-Ortiz J, Ramesh P, Tsilomelekis G, Neimark AV. Permeation dynamics of dimethyl methylphosphonate through polyelectrolyte composite membranes by in-situ Raman spectroscopy. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Shin SH, Nur PJ, Kodir A, Kwak DH, Lee H, Shin D, Bae B. Improving the Mechanical Durability of Short-Side-Chain Perfluorinated Polymer Electrolyte Membranes by Annealing and Physical Reinforcement. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19153-19163. [PMID: 31763538 PMCID: PMC6868593 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Physically reinforced short-side-chain perfluorinated sulfonic acid electrolyte membranes were fabricated by annealing and using a porous support. Five types of solution-cast membranes were produced from commercial perfluorinated ionomers (3M and Aquivion (AQ)) with different equivalent weights, annealed at different temperatures, and characterized in terms of ion conductivity, water uptake, and in-plane/through-plane swelling, while the effect of annealing on physical structure of membranes was evaluated by small-angle X-ray scattering and dynamic mechanical analysis. To create a reinforced composite membrane (RCM), we impregnated a polytetrafluoroethylene porous support with 3M 729 and AQ 720 electrolytes exhibiting excellent proton conductivity and water uptake. The electrolyte impregnation stability for the porous support was evaluated using a solvent resistance test, and the best performance was observed for the 3M 729 RCM annealed at 200 °C. Both annealed and nonannealed 3M 729 RCMs were used to produce membrane electrode assemblies, the durability of which was evaluated by open-circuit voltage combined wet-dry cycling tests. The nonannealed 3M 729 RCM survived 5800 cycles, while the 3M 729 RCM annealed at 200 °C survived 16 600 cycles and thus exhibited improved mechanical durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Shin
- Fuel
Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy
Research (KIER), 152,
Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Pratama Juniko Nur
- Fuel
Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy
Research (KIER), 152,
Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
- Renewable
Energy Engineering, University of Science
& Technology (UST), 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic
of Korea
| | - Abdul Kodir
- Fuel
Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy
Research (KIER), 152,
Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
- Renewable
Energy Engineering, University of Science
& Technology (UST), 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic
of Korea
| | - Da-Hee Kwak
- Fuel
Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy
Research (KIER), 152,
Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Fuel
Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy
Research (KIER), 152,
Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Shin
- Fuel
Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy
Research (KIER), 152,
Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungchan Bae
- Fuel
Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy
Research (KIER), 152,
Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
- Renewable
Energy Engineering, University of Science
& Technology (UST), 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic
of Korea
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Wang X, Habte BT, Zhang S, Yang H, Zhao J, Jiang F, He Q. Localized Electrochemical Impedance Measurements on Nafion Membranes: Observation and Analysis of Spatially Diverse Proton Transport Using Atomic Force Microscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11678-11686. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, China
| | - Bereket T. Habte
- Laboratory of Advanced Energy Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuomeng Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, China
| | | | - Jing Zhao
- Nanotechnology Measurement Division, Keysight Technologies, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Fangming Jiang
- Laboratory of Advanced Energy Systems, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Qinggang He
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, China
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Vinothkannan M, Kim AR, Nahm KS, Yoo DJ. Ternary hybrid (SPEEK/SPVdF-HFP/GO) based membrane electrolyte for the applications of fuel cells: profile of improved mechanical strength, thermal stability and proton conductivity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ternary hybrid membranes composed of sulfonated (poly ether ether ketone) (SPEEK), sulfonated polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (SPVdF-HFP) and 1, 3, 5 or 7 wt% graphene oxide (GO) were fabricated using a facile solution casting method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Vinothkannan
- Graduate School
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center
- Chonbuk National University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Rhan Kim
- R&D Center for Canutech
- Business Incubation Center of Chonbuk National University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Suk Nahm
- Graduate School
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center
- Chonbuk National University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Yoo
- Graduate School
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center
- Chonbuk National University
- Republic of Korea
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