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Zarubin M, Andreev E, Kravchenko E, Pinaeva U, Nechaev A, Apel P. Developing tardigrade-inspired material: Track membranes functionalized with Dsup protein for cell-free DNA isolation. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3478. [PMID: 38699905 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
When developing functionalized biomaterials, the proteins from extremophilic organisms, in particular unique tardigrade disordered proteins, are of great value. The damage suppressor protein (Dsup), initially discovered in the tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus and found to be an efficient DNA protector under oxidative and irradiation stress, has been hypothesized to possess a good potential for the development of the material, which can isolate cell-free DNA. With this in mind, DNA-nonadsorbing polyethylene terephthalate track membranes have been functionalized using the Dsup protein via covalent bonding with glutaraldehyde. The filtration experiments have verified the ability of track membranes with the immobilized Dsup protein to adsorb cell-free DNA, with an accumulation capacity of 70 ± 19 mg m-2. The resulting track membrane-based biomaterial might be used in various devices for filtration and separation of cell-free DNA molecules from biological solutions and environmental samples, and also for their accumulation, storage, and further manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Zarubin
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, International Intergovernmental Organization Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (DLNP JINR), Dubna, Russia
| | - Evgeny Andreev
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, International Intergovernmental Organization Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (FLNR JINR), Dubna, Russia
| | - Elena Kravchenko
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, International Intergovernmental Organization Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (DLNP JINR), Dubna, Russia
| | - Uliana Pinaeva
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, International Intergovernmental Organization Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (FLNR JINR), Dubna, Russia
| | - Alexander Nechaev
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, International Intergovernmental Organization Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (FLNR JINR), Dubna, Russia
| | - Pavel Apel
- Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, International Intergovernmental Organization Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (FLNR JINR), Dubna, Russia
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Wu ZQ, Cao XQ, Hua Y, Yu CM. A Bifunctional Wearable Sensor Based on a Nanoporous Membrane for Simultaneous Detection of Sweat Lactate and Temperature. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38320230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Wearable sensors for non-invasive, real-time detection of sweat lactate have far-reaching implications in the fields of health care and exercise physiological responses. Here, we propose a wearable electrochemical sensor with gold nanoelectrode arrays fabricated on the nanoporous polycarbonate (PC) membrane by encapsulating lactate oxidase (LOx) in chitosan (CS) hydrogel for detecting body temperature and sweat lactate concurrently. Flexible gold nanoporous electrodes not only enhance electrode area but also offer a nanoconfined space to accelerate the catalytic reaction of LOx and control substrate concentration on the surface of LOx to decrease substrate inhibition. The proposed sensor has a long durability of 13 days and better selectivity for the detection of sweat lactate over a wide linear range (0.01-35 mM) with a low detection limit (0.144 μM). Furthermore, temperature-dependent transmembrane currents passing through the sensor are used to estimate body temperature. We then use multiple linear regression to adjust the effect of temperature on lactate detection and succeed in monitoring lactate molecules in sweat and body temperature during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Qiang Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Cao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Yu Hua
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Chun-Mei Yu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
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3
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Chen X, Zhou S, Wang Y, Zheng L, Guan S, Wang D, Wang L, Guan X. Nanopore Single-molecule Analysis of Biomarkers: Providing Possible Clues to Disease Diagnosis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023; 162:117060. [PMID: 38106545 PMCID: PMC10722900 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomarker detection has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to the minimally or non-invasive sampling process. Single entity analysis of biomarkers is expected to provide real-time and accurate biological information for early disease diagnosis and prognosis, which is critical to the effective disease treatment and is also important in personalized medicine. As an innovative single entity analysis method, nanopore sensing is a pioneering single-molecule detection technique that is widely used in analytical bioanalytical fields. In this review, we overview the recent progress of nanopore biomarker detection as new approaches to disease diagnosis. In highlighted studies, nanopore was focusing on detecting biomarkers of different categories of communicable and noncommunicable diseases, such as pandemic Covid-19, AIDS, cancers, neurologic diseases, etc. Various sensitive and selective nanopore detecting strategies for different types of biomarkers are summarized. In addition, the challenges, opportunities, and direction for future development of nanopore-based biomarker sensors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Shuo Zhou
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Sarah Guan
- Hinsdale Central High School, Hinsdale, IL 60521, USA
| | - Deqiang Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chongqing, 400714, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine Engineering for Hepatopancreatobiliary Diseases, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Xiyun Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
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Xiang F, Dong M, Zhang W, Liang S, Guan W. Modeling pyramidal silicon nanopores with effective ion transport. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:485503. [PMID: 36007456 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8c9c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While the electrical models of the membrane-based solid-state nanopores have been well established, silicon-based pyramidal nanopores cannot apply these models due to two distinctive features. One is its 35.3° half cone angle, which brings additional resistance to the moving ions inside the nanopore. The other is its rectangular entrance, which makes calculating the access conductance challenging. Here, we proposed and validated an effective transport model (ETM) for silicon-based pyramidal nanopores by introducing effective conductivity. The impact of half cone angle can be described equivalently using a reduced diffusion coefficient (effective diffusion coefficient). Because the decrease of diffusion coefficient results in a smaller conductivity, effective conductivity is used for the calculation of bulk conductance in ETM. In the classical model, intrinsic conductivity is used. We used the top-down fabrication method for generating the pyramidal silicon nanopores to test the proposed model. Compared with the large error (≥25% in most cases) when using the classical model, the error of ETM in predicting conductance is less than 15%. We also found that the ETM is applicable when the ratio of excess ion concentration and bulk ion concentration is smaller than 0.2. At last, it is proved that ETM can estimate the tip size of pyramidal silicon nanopore. We believe the ETM would provide an improved method for evaluating the pyramidal silicon nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feibin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Dong
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America
| | - Wenchang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengfa Liang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Guan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America
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5
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Tao W, Lin Z, Yuan Q, Gong P. Estimation of effective thickness of Cyclopore polycarbonate membrane by scanning electrochemical impedance microscopy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yilmaz D, Kaya D, Kececi K, Dinler A. Role of Nanopore Geometry in Particle Resolution by Resistive‐Pulse Sensing. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Durdane Yilmaz
- Nanoscience and Nanoengineering Program Istanbul Medeniyet University İstanbul Turkey
| | - Dila Kaya
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Medeniyet University İstanbul Turkey
| | - Kaan Kececi
- Department of Chemistry Istanbul Medeniyet University İstanbul Turkey
| | - Ali Dinler
- Department of Mathematics Istanbul Medeniyet University İstanbul Turkey
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8
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Ma Q, Liu T, Xu R, Du Q, Gao P, Xia F. Revealing the Critical Role of Probe Grafting Density in Nanometric Confinement in Ionic Signal via an Experimental and Theoretical Study. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1984-1990. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianle Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ranhao Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Qiujiao Du
- School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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Bakouei M, Abdorahimzadeh S, Taghipoor M. Effects of cone angle and length of nanopores on the resistive pulse quality. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25306-25314. [PMID: 33140790 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04728g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Resistive pulse sensing (RPS) has proved to be a viable method for the detection and characterization of micro and nano particles. Modern fabrication methods have introduced different nanopore geometries for resistive pulse sensors. In this paper, we have numerically studied the effects of membrane thickness and the pore's cone angle, as the main geometrical parameters, on the sensing performance of the nanopores used for nanoparticle detection in the resistive pulse sensing method. To compare the sensing performance, three resistive pulse quality parameters were investigated - sensitivity, pulse duration and pulse amplitude. The thorough investigation on the relations between the geometrical parameters and the pulse quality parameters produced several interesting results, which were categorized and summarized for different nanopore structures (as different nanopore platforms) enabling the readers to more effectively compare them with one another. The results revealed that large cone angle and low aspect ratio nanopores have higher pulse amplitude and sensitivity, but their low duration could be a challenge in the process of detecting the resistive pulse. In addition, our results show small variation in sensitivity and duration of large cone angle nanopores with respect to pore length change, which is explained using the effective length concept and the definition of electric field strength and length. The findings of the present work can be used in practical applications where choosing the optimal pore geometry is of crucial significance. Furthermore, the results provide several possible ways to improve the resistive pulse quality for better sensing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bakouei
- Micro Nano System Laboratory (MNSL), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Meyer N, Janot JM, Lepoitevin M, Smietana M, Vasseur JJ, Torrent J, Balme S. Machine Learning to Improve the Sensing of Biomolecules by Conical Track-Etched Nanopore. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10100140. [PMID: 33028025 PMCID: PMC7601669 DOI: 10.3390/bios10100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Single nanopore is a powerful platform to detect, discriminate and identify biomacromolecules. Among the different devices, the conical nanopores obtained by the track-etched technique on a polymer film are stable and easy to functionalize. However, these advantages are hampered by their high aspect ratio that avoids the discrimination of similar samples. Using machine learning, we demonstrate an improved resolution so that it can identify short single- and double-stranded DNA (10- and 40-mers). We have characterized each current blockade event by the relative intensity, dwell time, surface area and both the right and left slope. We show an overlap of the relative current blockade amplitudes and dwell time distributions that prevents their identification. We define the different parameters that characterize the events as features and the type of DNA sample as the target. By applying support-vector machines to discriminate each sample, we show accuracy between 50% and 72% by using two features that distinctly classify the data points. Finally, we achieved an increased accuracy (up to 82%) when five features were implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Meyer
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR5635, UM, ENSCM, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France; (N.M.); (J.-M.J.)
- Mécanismes Moléculaires dans les Démences Neurodégénératives, U1198, UM, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Jean-Marc Janot
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR5635, UM, ENSCM, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France; (N.M.); (J.-M.J.)
| | - Mathilde Lepoitevin
- Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris UMR8004, CNRS, ENS, ESPCI, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Michaël Smietana
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (J.-J.V.)
| | - Jean-Jacques Vasseur
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (J.-J.V.)
| | - Joan Torrent
- Mécanismes Moléculaires dans les Démences Neurodégénératives, U1198, UM, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Sébastien Balme
- Institut Européen des Membranes, UMR5635, UM, ENSCM, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France; (N.M.); (J.-M.J.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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JIANG XJ, LIANG RN, QIN W. Research Advances in Ion Channel-based Electrochemical Sensing Techniques. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(18)61108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Peng R, Li D. Particle detection on microfluidic chips by differential resistive pulse sensing (RPS) method. Talanta 2018; 184:418-428. [PMID: 29674063 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The resistive pulse sensing (RPS) method has been widely used for characterization of particles, cells, and biomolecules due to its merits of high sensitivity and resolution. This paper investigates working parameters involved in detecting submicron and micron-sized particles by the differential RPS method on microfluidic chips. Effects of particle-to-sensor size ratio, ionic concentration and pH of the electrolyte solution, and applied electric field are studied systematically by using polystyrene particles with a size range from 140 nm to 5 µm. The results show that both the amplitude and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the RPS signals increase with the particle-to-sensor size ratio as well as the ionic concentration of the electrolyte media. The amplitude of the RPS signals also increases with increasing applied voltage, while the SNR experiences an upslope at low voltages and a decline under the condition of high voltages. pH has little effect on the background noise of the differential RPS signals but reduces the amplitude of the RPS signals at high pH. Grouping of RPS signals is considered to be caused by interactions between the sensor walls and the particles. Nanoparticle detection by the differential RPS method can be enhanced by optimizing these working parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Peng
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.
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Zhang S, Geryak R, Geldmeier J, Kim S, Tsukruk VV. Synthesis, Assembly, and Applications of Hybrid Nanostructures for Biosensing. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12942-13038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaidi Zhang
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Ren Geryak
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Jeffrey Geldmeier
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Sunghan Kim
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Vladimir V. Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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Song Y, Zhang J, Li D. Microfluidic and Nanofluidic Resistive Pulse Sensing: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E204. [PMID: 30400393 PMCID: PMC6190343 DOI: 10.3390/mi8070204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The resistive pulse sensing (RPS) method based on the Coulter principle is a powerful method for particle counting and sizing in electrolyte solutions. With the advancement of micro- and nano-fabrication technologies, microfluidic and nanofluidic resistive pulse sensing technologies and devices have been developed. Due to the unique advantages of microfluidics and nanofluidics, RPS sensors are enabled with more functions with greatly improved sensitivity and throughput and thus have wide applications in fields of biomedical research, clinical diagnosis, and so on. Firstly, this paper reviews some basic theories of particle sizing and counting. Emphasis is then given to the latest development of microfuidic and nanofluidic RPS technologies within the last 6 years, ranging from some new phenomena, methods of improving the sensitivity and throughput, and their applications, to some popular nanopore or nanochannel fabrication techniques. The future research directions and challenges on microfluidic and nanofluidic RPS are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Song
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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McCurry DA, Bailey RC. Electrolyte Gradient-Based Modulation of Molecular Transport through Nanoporous Gold Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1552-1562. [PMID: 28107634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanopores, and nanoporous materials in general, are interesting for applications in chemical and biomolecular transport as pore sizes are on the same scale as the dimension of many (bio)chemical species. Many studies have focused on either single pores or small arrays of cylindrical pores, which are convenient in terms of their amenability toward computational modeling of transport phenomenon. However, the limited overall porosity may inhibit transport flux as well as the eventual implementation of these materials as active separation elements. Inspired by its relatively high porosity, we have explored nanoporous gold (NPG) as a membrane across which small molecular species can be transported. NPG offers a random, bicontinuous pore geometry, while also being inherently conductive and readily amenable to surface modification-attributes that may be enabling in the pursuit of size- and charge-based approaches to molecular separations. NPG was fabricated via a free-corrosion process whereby immersion of Au-containing alloys in concentrated nitric acid preferentially dissolves the less noble metals (e.g., Ni, Cu). Average pore diameters of 50 ± 20 nm were obtained as verified under scanning electron microscopy. NPG membranes were sandwiched between two reservoirs, and the selective transport of chemical species across the membrane in the presence of an ionic strength gradient was investigated. The flux of small molecules were monitored by UV-vis absorption spectrometry and found to be dependent upon the direction and magnitude of the ionic strength gradient. Moreover, transport trends underscored the effects of surface charge in a confined environment, considering that the pore diameters were on the same scale as the electrical double layer experienced by molecules transiting the membrane. Under such conditions, the transport of anions and cations through NPG was found to depend on an induced electric field as well as ion advection. Further electrical and surface chemical modulations of transport are expected to engender increased membrane functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A McCurry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois , 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ryan C Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois , 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Lepoitevin M, Bechelany M, Balanzat E, Janot JM, Balme S. Non-Fluorescence label protein sensing with track-etched nanopore decorated by avidin/biotin system. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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