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Yang H, Lin S, Qu Y, Wang G, Xiang S, Liu F, Wang C, Tang H, Wang D, Wang Z, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wu Y. An Ultra-Low Self-Discharge Aqueous|Organic Membraneless Battery with Minimized Br 2 Cross-Over. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307780. [PMID: 38168899 PMCID: PMC10870083 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Batteries dissolving active materials in liquids possess safety and size advantages compared to solid-based batteries, yet the intrinsic liquid properties lead to material cross-over induced self-discharge both during cycling and idle when the electrolytes are in contact, thus highly efficient and cost-effective solutions to minimize cross-over are in high demand. An ultra-low self-discharge aqueous|organic membraneless battery using dichloromethane (CH2 Cl2 ) and tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) added to a zinc bromide (ZnBr2 ) solution as the electrolyte is demonstrated. The polybromide is confined in the organic phase, and bromine (Br2 ) diffusion-induced self-discharge is minimized. At 90% state of charge (SOC), the membraneless ZnBr2 |TBABr (Z|T) battery shows an open circuit voltage (OCV) drop of only 42 mV after 120 days, 152 times longer than the ZnBr2 battery, and superior to 102 previous reports from all types of liquid active material batteries. The 120-day capacity retention of 95.5% is higher than commercial zinc-nickel (Zn-Ni) batteries and vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB, electrolytes stored separately) and close to lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Z|T achieves >500 cycles (2670 h, 0.5 m electrolyte, 250 folds of membraneless ZnBr2 battery) with ≈100% Coulombic efficiency (CE). The simple and cost-effective design of Z|T provides a conceptual inspiration to regulate material cross-over in liquid-based batteries to realize extended operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- School of Energy Sciences and EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingJiangsu211816China
| | - Shiyu Lin
- School of Energy Sciences and EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingJiangsu211816China
| | - Yunpeng Qu
- College of PhysicsGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China
| | - Guotao Wang
- School of Energy Sciences and EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingJiangsu211816China
| | - Shuangfei Xiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Smart Fiber MaterialsZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Fuzhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringYangzhou UniversityYangzhouJiangsu225002China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Energy Sciences and EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingJiangsu211816China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Energy Sciences and EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingJiangsu211816China
| | - Zhoulu Wang
- School of Energy Sciences and EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingJiangsu211816China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Energy Sciences and EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingJiangsu211816China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Energy Sciences and EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingJiangsu211816China
| | - Yutong Wu
- School of Energy Sciences and EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingJiangsu211816China
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Liu J, Long J, Huang W, Xu W, Qi X, Li J, Zhang Y. Enhanced proton selectivity and stability of branched sulfonated polyimide membrane by hydrogen bonds construction strategy for vanadium flow battery. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Long J, Huang W, Li J, Yu Y, Zhang B, Li J, Zhang Y, Duan H. A novel permselective branched sulfonated polyimide membrane containing crown ether with remarkable proton conductance and selectivity for application in vanadium redox flow battery. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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4
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Sulfonated polyimide membrane containing poly [bis (4-aminodiphenyl bissulfonate) phosphoronitrile] flexible chains for vanadium redox flow battery. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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He Z, Wang G, Wei S, Li G, Zhang J, Chen J, Wang R. A novel fluorinated acid-base sulfonated polyimide membrane with sulfoalkyl side-chain for vanadium redox flow battery. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Kwon HG, Bae I, Choi SH. Crosslinked poly(arylene ether ketone) membrane with high anion conductivity and selectivity for non-aqueous redox flow batteries. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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A new long-side-chain sulfonated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) /polybenzimidazole (PBI) amphoteric membrane for vanadium redox flow battery. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Long J, Yang H, Wang Y, Xu W, Liu J, Luo H, Li J, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Branched Sulfonated Polyimide/Sulfonated Methylcellulose Composite Membranes with Remarkable Proton Conductivity and Selectivity for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P.R.China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P.R.China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P.R.China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P.R.China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P.R.China
| | - Huan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P.R.China
| | - Jinchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P.R.China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P.R.China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P.R.China
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Roh SH, Lim MH, Sadhasivam T, Jung HY. Investigation on physico-chemical and electrochemical performance of poly(phenylene oxide)-based anion exchange membrane for vanadium redox flow battery systems. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.134944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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11
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Chu F, Chu X, Lv T, Chen Z, Ren Y, Zhang S, Yuan N, Lin B, Ding J. Amphoteric Membranes Based on Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone and Imidazolium‐Functionalized Polyphenylene Oxide for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Applications. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and EngineeringChangzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Xufeng Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and EngineeringChangzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Teng Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and EngineeringChangzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Zhouyi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and EngineeringChangzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Yurong Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and EngineeringChangzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and EngineeringChangzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Ningyi Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and EngineeringChangzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Bencai Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and EngineeringChangzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Jianning Ding
- Micro/Nano Science and Technology CenterJiangsu University Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013 China
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Acid resistant PVDF-co-HFP based copolymer proton exchange membrane for electro-chemical application. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Polybenzimidazole membranes embedded with ionic liquids for use in high proton selectivity vanadium redox flow batteries. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.11.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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High Proton Selectivity Sulfonated Polyimides Ion Exchange Membranes for Vanadium Flow Batteries. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10121315. [PMID: 30961240 PMCID: PMC6402033 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High proton selectivity is the ultimate aim for the ion exchange membranes (IEMs). In this study, two kinds of sulfonated polyimides (SPI)—non-fluorinated and fluorine-containing polyimide—with about 40% sulfonation degree were synthesized by one-step high temperature polymerization. High proton selectivity IEMs were prepared and applied in vanadium flow batteries (VFB). The chemical structures, physicochemical properties and single cell performance of these membranes were characterized. The results indicate that high molecular weight of SPIs can guarantee the simultaneous achievement of good mechanical and oxidative stability for IEMs. Meanwhile, the proton selectivity of SPI membrane is five times higher than that of Nafion115 membranes due to the introduction of fluorocarbon groups. Consequently, the single cell assembled with SPI membranes exhibits excellent energy efficiency up to 84.8% at a current density of 100 mA·cm−2, which is 4.6% higher than Nafion115. In addition, the capacity retention is great after 500 charge–discharge cycles. All results demonstrate that fluorinated SPI ion exchange membrane has a bright prospect in new energy field.
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15
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Mesoscale modeling of sulfonated polyimides copolymer membranes: Effect of sequence distributions. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Yang P, Xuan S, Long J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Fluorine-Containing Branched Sulfonated Polyimide Membrane for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Applications. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Energy Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 P.R.China
| | - Sensen Xuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Energy Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 P.R.China
| | - Jun Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Energy Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 P.R.China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Energy Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 P.R.China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Energy Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 P.R.China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Energy Materials; Southwest University of Science and Technology; Mianyang 621010 P.R.China
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17
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Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/sulfonated graphene oxide hybrid membrane for vanadium redox flow battery. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Wang L, Yu L, Mu D, Yu L, Wang L, Xi J. Acid-base membranes of imidazole-based sulfonated polyimides for vanadium flow batteries. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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Choi SW, Kim TH, Jo SW, Lee JY, Cha SH, Hong YT. Hydrocarbon membranes with high selectivity and enhanced stability for vanadium redox flow battery applications: Comparative study with sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)s and sulfonated poly(thioether ether sulfone)s. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Yan X, Zhang C, Dai Y, Zheng W, Ruan X, He G. A novel imidazolium-based amphoteric membrane for high-performance vanadium redox flow battery. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Li J, Yuan X, Liu S, He Z, Zhou Z, Li A. A Low-Cost and High-Performance Sulfonated Polyimide Proton-Conductive Membrane for Vanadium Redox Flow/Static Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:32643-32651. [PMID: 28880065 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel side-chain-type fluorinated sulfonated polyimide (s-FSPI) membrane is synthesized for vanadium redox batteries (VRBs) by high-temperature polycondensation and grafting reactions. The s-FSPI membrane has a vanadium ion permeability that is over an order of magnitude lower and has a proton selectivity that is 6.8 times higher compared to those of the Nafion 115 membrane. The s-FSPI membrane possesses superior chemical stability compared to most of the linear sulfonated aromatic polymer membranes reported for VRBs. Also, the vanadium redox flow/static batteries (VRFB/VRSB) assembled with the s-FSPI membranes exhibit stable battery performance over 100- and 300-time charge-discharge cycling tests, respectively, with significantly higher battery efficiencies and lower self-discharge rates than those with the Nafion 115 membranes. The excellent physicochemical properties and VRB performance of the s-FSPI membrane could be attributed to the specifically designed molecular structure with the hydrophobic trifluoromethyl groups and flexible sulfoalkyl pendants being introduced on the main chains of the membrane. Moreover, the cost of the s-FSPI membrane is only one-fourth that of the commercial Nafion 115 membrane. This work opens up new possibilities for fabricating high-performance proton-conductive membranes at low costs for VRBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Research Institute , Nanjing, Jiangsu 211103, P.R. China
| | | | | | - Zhi Zhou
- Science College of Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan 410128, P.R. China
| | - Aikui Li
- Wuhan NARI Limited Company of State Grid Electric Power Research Institute , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P.R. China
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22
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Wang F, Wang G, Zhang J, Li B, Zhang J, Deng J, Chen J, Wang R. Novel sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/oxidized g-C 3 N 4 composite membrane for vanadium redox flow battery applications. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Effect of non-sulfonated diamine monomer on branched sulfonated polyimide membrane for vanadium redox flow battery application. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Sosa-González WE, Palí-Casanova RDJ, Pérez-Padilla Y, Loría-Bastarrachea MI, Santiago-García JL, Aguilar-Vega MDJ. Sulfonated aromatic copoly(ether–amide) membranes II. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008317699863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several aromatic sulfonated copoly(ether–amide)s, based on the aromatic diamines 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(p-phenyleneoxy)-dianiline (HFD) and 2,4-diaminobenzensulfonic acid (DABS) and 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic acid) (OBA), were synthesized through a polycondensation reaction. The sulfonation degree was controlled by introducing different concentrations of 2,4-DABS from 40 mol% up to 80 mol%. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance validated the expected concentrations of sulfonic acid groups in the sulfonated aromatic copoly(ether–amide)s. Thermal decomposition of sulfonic groups was found to initiate at 280°C, while main chain decomposition initiates at 410°C. Proton conductivity between 30°C and 75°C was 19.0 and 45.0 mS/cm, respectively, for the copolymer with the highest concentration of sulfonic groups (–SO3H). Comparison with structurally similar sulfonated copolyamides and copoly(ether–amide)s indicates that these new sulfonated copoly(ether–amide)s based on 4,4′-OBA show improved mechanical properties, but a decrease in ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadi Elim Sosa-González
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Champotón, Carretera Champotón – Isla Aguada Km, Champotón, Campeche, Mexico
| | | | - Yamile Pérez-Padilla
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | - José Luis Santiago-García
- Laboratorio de Membranas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Unidad de Materiales, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Manuel de Jesús Aguilar-Vega
- Laboratorio de Membranas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Unidad de Materiales, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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25
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Polymer electrolyte membranes prepared by pre-irradiation induced graft copolymerization on ETFE for vanadium redox flow battery applications. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Zhou Y, Yu L, Wang J, Liu L, Liang F, Xi J. Rational use and reuse of Nafion 212 membrane in vanadium flow batteries. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00294g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rational use of Nafion membrane can achieve superior VFB performance, and Nafion membrane can be reused in VFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory for Refractories and Metallurgy
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430081
- China
| | - Lihong Yu
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology
- Shenzhen Polytechnic
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Jianshe Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450000
- China
| | - Le Liu
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Energy
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Feng Liang
- The State Key Laboratory for Refractories and Metallurgy
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan 430081
- China
| | - Jingyu Xi
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Energy
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
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Yu L, Lin F, Xu L, Xi J. Structure–property relationship study of Nafion XL membrane for high-rate, long-lifespan, and all-climate vanadium flow batteries. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04996j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sandwich-structured Nafion XL membrane is promising for vanadium flow batteries to achieve high-rate performance, super-long lifespan and broad temperature adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Yu
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology
- Shenzhen Polytechnic
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Feng Lin
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology
- Shenzhen Polytechnic
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Ling Xu
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology
- Shenzhen Polytechnic
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Jingyu Xi
- Institute of Green Chemistry and Energy
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
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