1
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The relationship between the growth rate of anodic TiO2 nanotubes, the fluoride concentration and the electronic current. Electrochem commun 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2023.107457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
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2
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Zeng H, Li C, Dan Y, Lu Y, Sun W, Zhang S, Song Y. A comparative study of two-step anodization with one-step anodization at constant voltage. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:065603. [PMID: 34749349 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-step anodization has been widely used because it can produce highly self-organized anodic TiO2nanotubes, but the differences in morphology and current-time curve of one-step anodization and two-step anodization are rarely reported. Here, one-step anodization and two-step anodization were conducted at different voltages. By comparing the FESEM image of anodic TiO2nanotubes fabricated by one-step anodization and two-step anodization, it was found that the variation of morphology characteristics is same with voltage. The distinction of morphology and current-time curve between one-step anodization and two-step anodization at the same voltage were analyzed: the nanotube average growth rate and porosity of two-step anodization are greater than that of one-step anodization. In the current-time curve, the duration of stage I and stage II in two-step anodization are significantly shorter than one-step anodization. The traditional field-assisted dissolution theory cannot explain the three stages of the current-time curves and their physics meaning under different voltages in the same fluoride electrolyte. Here, the distinction between one-step anodization and two-step anodization was clarified successfully by the theories of ionic current and electronic current and oxygen bubble mould.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, NanJing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, NanJing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Dan
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, NanJing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, NanJing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Sun
- Jiangsu Urban and Rural Construction College, Changzhou 213147, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Urban and Rural Construction College, Changzhou 213147, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Song
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, NanJing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
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3
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Yu H, Chen J, Zhang S, Yu Y, Wang S, Ye M. Effects of electrolyte composition on the growth and properties of titanium oxide nanotubes. Electrochem commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2022.107217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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4
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Gong T, Chen J, Fang P, Liu L, Li C, Han A, Song Y. Debunking the essential effect of temperature and voltage on the current curve and the nanotube morphology. RSC Adv 2021; 12:429-436. [PMID: 35424478 PMCID: PMC8978680 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06694c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation mechanism of anodic TiO2 nanotubes remains to be unclear till now. Many researchers study the influence of temperatures above 0 °C instead of below 0 °C. Few papers before have explained the relationship between the current-time curve and the morphology of the nanotubes. In this study, the innovative 'oxygen bubble model' and the ionic current and electronic current theories were introduced to explain the growth of nanotubes below 0 °C. The length of anodic TiO2 nanotubes at 15 °C, 0 °C, -10 °C were 1.28 μm, 0.93 μm and 0.21 μm, respectively, but the diameter of anodic TiO2 nanotubes was almost the same, at about 164 nm. When the temperature was low, the magnitude of electronic current and the ionic current was small, the mold effect was weak and nanotubes could not be formed. At the same time, this study shows that the dissolution reaction of the field-assisted solution theory has no electron gain or loss, and it has nothing to do with the current, which negates the field-assisted dissolution theory. A novel two-step anodization was used to verify the conclusion. It was found that nanotubes could be obtained when the anodizing current was decreasing or increasing. Also, ginseng-shaped nanotubes are formed at a particular voltage sequence. Based on the 'oxygen bubble model' and the ionic current and electronic current theories, the formation process of nanotubes of two-step anodization is explained clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Jieda Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Pengjin Fang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Chengyuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Aijun Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Ye Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
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5
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Li P, Wang J, Liu L, Ma J, Ni Y, Wang H, Song Y. The effect of atmospheric pressure on the growth rate of TiO2 nanotubes: Evidence against the field-assisted dissolution theory. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Gong T, Li C, Li X, Yue H, Zhu X, Zhao Z, Lv R, Zhu J. Evidence of oxygen bubbles forming nanotube embryos in porous anodic oxides. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4659-4668. [PMID: 36134301 PMCID: PMC9417053 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00389e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Anodic TiO2 nanotubes have been studied widely for two decades because of their regular tubular structures and extensive applications. However, the formation mechanism of anodic TiO2 nanotubes remains unclear, because it is difficult to find convincing evidence for popular field-assisted dissolution or field-assisted injection theories and the oxygen bubble model. Here, in a bid to find direct evidence that oxygen bubbles form nanotube embryos, a new method is applied to handle this challenge. Before nanotube formation, a dense cover layer was formed to make nanotubes grow more slowly. Many completely enclosed nanotube embryos formed by oxygen bubbles were found beneath the dense cover layer for the first time. The formation of these enclosed and hollow gourd-shaped embryos is convincing enough to prove that the nanotubes are formed by the oxygen bubble mold, similar to inflating a football, rather than by field-assisted dissolution. Based on the 'oxygen bubble model' and ionic current and electronic current theories, the formation and growth process of nanotube embryos is explained clearly for the first time. These interesting findings indicate that the 'oxygen bubble model' and ionic current and electronic current theories also apply to anodization of other metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Gong
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Chengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Hangyu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xufei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Ziyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Renquan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Junwu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Education Ministry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
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7
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Chen S, Ni Y, Zhang J, Dan Y, Zhang W, Song Y, Zhu X. Double-anode anodization of metal Ti in two beakers. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.106991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Emran KM, Alanazi HE. Double layer lanthanide –Pt/TiO 2 nanotube arrays electrode as a cost-highly efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution in acid media. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL NANOSCIENCE 2021; 16:81-100. [DOI: 10.1080/17458080.2021.1902507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah M. Emran
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taibah University, Madinah, KSA
| | - Hessah E. Alanazi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Art, Al Jouf University, Qurayyat, KSA
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Zhou Q, Niu D, Feng X, Wang A, Ying Z, Zhang J, Lu N, Zhu J, Zhu X. Debunking the effect of water content on anodizing current: Evidence against the traditional dissolution theory. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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10
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Huang W, Xu H, Ying Z, Dan Y, Zhou Q, Zhang J, Zhu X. Split TiO2 nanotubes − Evidence of oxygen evolution during Ti anodization. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.106532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Zhang K, Cao S, Li C, Qi J, Jiang L, Zhang J, Zhu X. Rapid growth of TiO2 nanotubes under the compact oxide layer: Evidence against the digging manner of dissolution reaction. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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12
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Li C, Wu L, Zhao S, Jiang L, Yang Y, Zhang K, Zhu X. Essential influence of electrode and electrolyte temperatures on the anodizing process of Ti. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Bamboo shoot nanotubes with diameters increasing from top to bottom: Evidence against the field-assisted dissolution equilibrium theory. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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14
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Wu L, Xu D, Liu Z, Zhang S, Du Y, Ma W. A novel double-layer nanotube structure fabricated in high concentration H3PO4 and fluoride-containing mixed electrolyte without annealing. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Morphology evolution of TiO2 nanotubes with additional reducing agent: Evidence of oxygen release. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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16
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Nanochannelar Topography Positively Modulates Osteoblast Differentiation and Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis. COATINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings8090294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Based on previously reported findings showing reduced foreign body reactions on nanochannelar topography formed on TiZr alloy, this study explores the in vitro effects of such a nanostructured surface on cells relevant for implant osseointegration, namely osteoblasts and osteoclasts. We show that such nanochannelar surfaces sustain adhesion and proliferation of mouse pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells and enhance their osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, this specific nanotopography inhibits nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclastogenesis. The nanochannels’ dual mode of action on the bone-derived cells could contribute to an enhanced bone formation around the bone implants. Therefore, these results warrant further investigation for nanochannels’ use as surface coatings of medical implant materials.
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A mathematical model for initiation and growth of anodic titania nanotube embryos under compact oxide layer. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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Cavities between the double walls of nanotubes: Evidence of oxygen evolution beneath an anion-contaminated layer. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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19
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Studies of oxide growth location on anodization of Al and Ti provide evidence against the field-assisted dissolution and field-assisted ejection theories. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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