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Diallo MS, Shi T, Zhang Y, Peng X, Shozib I, Wang Y, Miara LJ, Scott MC, Tu QH, Ceder G. Effect of solid-electrolyte pellet density on failure of solid-state batteries. Nat Commun 2024; 15:858. [PMID: 38286996 PMCID: PMC10825224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the potentially higher energy density and improved safety of solid-state batteries (SSBs) relative to Li-ion batteries, failure due to Li-filament penetration of the solid electrolyte and subsequent short circuit remains a critical issue. Herein, we show that Li-filament growth is suppressed in solid-electrolyte pellets with a relative density beyond ~95%. Below this threshold value, however, the battery shorts more easily as the density increases due to faster Li-filament growth within the percolating pores in the pellet. The microstructural properties (e.g., pore size, connectivity, porosity, and tortuosity) of [Formula: see text] with various relative densities are quantified using focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy tomography and permeability tests. Furthermore, modeling results provide details on the Li-filament growth inside pores ranging from 0.2 to 2 μm in size. Our findings improve the understanding of the failure modes of SSBs and provide guidelines for the design of dendrite-free SSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamad S Diallo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Tan Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xinxing Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Imtiaz Shozib
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Advanced Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology-America, Samsung Semiconductor Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Lincoln J Miara
- Advanced Materials Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology-America, Samsung Semiconductor Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mary C Scott
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Qingsong Howard Tu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Gerbrand Ceder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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2
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Sun T, Liang Q, Wang S, Liao J. Insight into Dendrites Issue in All Solid-State Batteries with Inorganic Electrolyte: Mechanism, Detection and Suppression Strategies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2308297. [PMID: 38050943 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
All solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are regarded as one of the promising next-generation energy storage devices due to their expected high energy density and capacity. However, failures due to unrestricted growth of lithium dendrites (LDs) have been a critical problem. Moreover, the understanding of dendrite growth inside solid-state electrolytes is limited. Since the dendrite process is a multi-physical field coupled process, including electrical, chemical, and mechanical factors, no definitive conclusion can summarize the root cause of LDs growth in ASSBs till now. Herein, the existing works on mechanism, identification, and solution strategies of LD in ASSBs with inorganic electrolyte are reviewed in detail. The primary triggers are thought to originate mainly at the interface and within the electrolyte, involving mechanical imperfections, inhomogeneous ion transport, inhomogeneous electronic structure, and poor interfacial contact. Finally, some of the representative works and present an outlook are comprehensively summarized, providing a basis and guidance for further research to realize efficient ASSBs for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrui Sun
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, 313001, China
| | - Qi Liang
- School of Material Science and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Sizhe Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, 313001, China
- School of Material Science and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jiaxuan Liao
- School of Material and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Quzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, 313001, China
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3
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Zhang S, Ma J, Dong S, Cui G. Designing All-Solid-State Batteries by Theoretical Computation: A Review. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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4
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Lu X, Windmüller A, Schmidt D, Schöner S, Schierholz R, Tsai CL, Kungl H, Liao X, Yu S, Tempel H, Chen Y, Eichel RA. Disentangling Phase and Morphological Evolution During the Formation of the Lithium Superionic Conductor Li 10 GeP 2 S 12. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300850. [PMID: 36974581 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The structural and morphological changes of the Lithium superionic conductor Li10 GeP2 S12 , prepared via a widely used ball milling-heating method over a comprehensive heat treatment range (50 - 700 °C), are investigated. Based on the phase composition, the formation process can be distinctly separated into four zones: Educt, Intermediary, Formation, and Decomposition zone. It is found that instead of Li4 GeS4 -Li3 PS4 binary crystallization process, diversified intermediate phases, including GeS2 in different space groups, multiphasic lithium phosphosulfides (Lix Py Sz ), and cubic Li7 Ge3 PS12 phase, are involved additionally during the formation and decomposition of Li10 GeP2 S12 . Furthermore, the phase composition at temperatures around the transition temperatures of different formation zones shows a significant deviation. At 600 °C, Li10 GeP2 S12 is fully crystalline, while the sample decomposed to complex phases at 650 °C with 30 wt.% impurities, including 20 wt.% amorphous phases. These findings over such a wide temperature range are first reported and may help provide previously lacking insights into the formation and crystallinity control of Li10 GeP2 S12 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung (IEK-9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Materialien und Prozesse für elektrochemische Energiespeicher-und wandler, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Windmüller
- Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung (IEK-9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Dana Schmidt
- Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung (IEK-9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Materialien und Prozesse für elektrochemische Energiespeicher-und wandler, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandro Schöner
- Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung (IEK-9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Materialien und Prozesse für elektrochemische Energiespeicher-und wandler, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roland Schierholz
- Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung (IEK-9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Chih-Long Tsai
- Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung (IEK-9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hans Kungl
- Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung (IEK-9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Xunfan Liao
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung (IEK-9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hermann Tempel
- Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung (IEK-9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yiwang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Rüdiger-A Eichel
- Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung (IEK-9: Grundlagen der Elektrochemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Institut für Materialien und Prozesse für elektrochemische Energiespeicher-und wandler, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung (IEK-12: Helmholtz-Institute Münster Ionics in Energy Storage), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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Wu Z, Wang R, Yu C, Wei C, Chen S, Liao C, Cheng S, Xie J. Origin of the High Conductivity of the LiI-Doped Li 3PS 4 Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Working in Wide Temperature Ranges. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chaochao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Cong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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6
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Xu J, Li J, Li Y, Yang M, Chen L, Li H, Wu F. Long-Life Lithium-Metal All-Solid-State Batteries and Stable Li Plating Enabled by In Situ Formation of Li 3 PS 4 in the SEI Layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203281. [PMID: 35765701 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An ultrastable and kinetically favorable interface is constructed between sulfide-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) and lithium metal, via in situ formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer containing Li3 PS4 . A specially designed sulfide, lithium polysulfidophosphate (LPS), can distribute uniformly in the PEO matrix via a simple stirring process because of its complete solubility in acetonitrile solvent, which is advantageous for creating a homogeneous SEI layer. The CSE/Li interface with high Li+ transportation capability is stabilized quickly through in situ formation of a Li3 PS4 /Li2 S/LiF layer via the reaction between LPS and lithium metal to inhibit lithium dendrite growth. A Li/Li symmetric cell with the LPS-integrated CSE exhibits constant and small CSE/Li resistance of 10 Ω cm2 during cycling, delivering stable cycling for 3475 h at a current density of 0.2 mA cm-2 and a high critical current density of 0.9 mA cm-2 at 60 °C. Impressive electrochemical performance is also demonstrated for LiFePO4 /CSE/Li all-solid-state batteries with capacity of 127.6 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at 1 C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Xu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies, Liyang, Jiangsu, 213300, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu, 213300, China
| | - Jiuming Li
- Beijing WeLion New Energy Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 102402, China
| | - Yongxing Li
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies, Liyang, Jiangsu, 213300, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu, 213300, China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies, Liyang, Jiangsu, 213300, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu, 213300, China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Liquan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies, Liyang, Jiangsu, 213300, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu, 213300, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies, Liyang, Jiangsu, 213300, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu, 213300, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies, Liyang, Jiangsu, 213300, China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center, Liyang, Jiangsu, 213300, China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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7
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Review on Interface and Interphase Issues in Sulfide Solid-State Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Li-Metal Batteries. ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem2030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All-solid-state batteries have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional Li-ion batteries owing to their higher energy density and safety, which stem from their use of inorganic solid-state electrolytes instead of flammable organic liquid electrolytes. Among various candidates, sulfide solid-state electrolytes are particularly promising for the development of high-energy all-solid-state Li metal batteries because of their high ionic conductivity and deformability. However, a significant challenge remains as their inherent instability in contact with electrodes forms unstable interfaces and interphases, leading to degradation of the battery performance. In this review article, we provide an overview of the key issues for the interfaces and interphases of sulfide solid-state electrolyte systems as well as recent progress in understanding such interface and interphase formation and potential solutions to stabilize them. In addition, we provide perspectives on future research directions in this field.
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8
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Dunkin MR, King ST, Takeuchi KJ, Takeuchi ES, Wang L, Marschilok AC. Improved ionic conductivity and battery function in a lithium iodide solid electrolyte via particle size modification. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Wu J, Liu S, Han F, Yao X, Wang C. Lithium/Sulfide All-Solid-State Batteries using Sulfide Electrolytes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2000751. [PMID: 32812301 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are considered as the next generation electrochemical energy storage devices because of their high safety and energy density, simple packaging, and wide operable temperature range. The critical component in ASSLBs is the solid-state electrolyte. Among all solid-state electrolytes, the sulfide electrolytes have the highest ionic conductivity and favorable interface compatibility with sulfur-based cathodes. The ionic conductivity of sulfide electrolytes is comparable with or even higher than that of the commercial organic liquid electrolytes. However, several critical challenges for sulfide electrolytes still remain to be solved, including their narrow electrochemical stability window, the unstable interface between the electrolyte and the electrodes, as well as lithium dendrite formation in the electrolytes. Herein, the emerging sulfide electrolytes and preparation methods are reviewed. In particular, the required properties of the sulfide electrolytes, such as the electrochemical stabilities of the electrolytes and the compatible electrode/electrolyte interfaces are highlighted. The opportunities for sulfide-based ASSLBs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Wu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sufu Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Fudong Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xiayin Yao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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10
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Tian Y, Zeng G, Rutt A, Shi T, Kim H, Wang J, Koettgen J, Sun Y, Ouyang B, Chen T, Lun Z, Rong Z, Persson K, Ceder G. Promises and Challenges of Next-Generation "Beyond Li-ion" Batteries for Electric Vehicles and Grid Decarbonization. Chem Rev 2020; 121:1623-1669. [PMID: 33356176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The tremendous improvement in performance and cost of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have made them the technology of choice for electrical energy storage. While established battery chemistries and cell architectures for Li-ion batteries achieve good power and energy density, LIBs are unlikely to meet all the performance, cost, and scaling targets required for energy storage, in particular, in large-scale applications such as electrified transportation and grids. The demand to further reduce cost and/or increase energy density, as well as the growing concern related to natural resource needs for Li-ion have accelerated the investigation of so-called "beyond Li-ion" technologies. In this review, we will discuss the recent achievements, challenges, and opportunities of four important "beyond Li-ion" technologies: Na-ion batteries, K-ion batteries, all-solid-state batteries, and multivalent batteries. The fundamental science behind the challenges, and potential solutions toward the goals of a low-cost and/or high-energy-density future, are discussed in detail for each technology. While it is unlikely that any given new technology will fully replace Li-ion in the near future, "beyond Li-ion" technologies should be thought of as opportunities for energy storage to grow into mid/large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaosen Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Guobo Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ann Rutt
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tan Shi
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Haegyeom Kim
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jingyang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Julius Koettgen
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yingzhi Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tina Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhengyan Lun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ziqin Rong
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristin Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gerbrand Ceder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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11
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Ji X, Hou S, Wang P, He X, Piao N, Chen J, Fan X, Wang C. Solid-State Electrolyte Design for Lithium Dendrite Suppression. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002741. [PMID: 33035375 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state Li metal batteries have attracted extensive attention due to their high safety and high energy density. However, Li dendrite growth in solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) still hinders their application. Current efforts mainly aim to reduce the interfacial resistance, neglecting the intrinsic dendrite-suppression capability of SSEs. Herein, the mechanism for the formation of Li dendrites is investigated, and Li-dendrite-free SSE criteria are reported. To achieve a high dendrite-suppression capability, SSEs should be thermodynamically stable with a high interface energy against Li, and they should have a low electronic conductivity and a high ionic conductivity. A cold-pressed Li3 N-LiF composite is used to validate the Li-dendrite-free design criteria, where the highly ionic conductive Li3 N reduces the Li plating/stripping overpotential, and LiF with high interface energy suppresses dendrites by enhancing the nucleation energy and suppressing the Li penetration into the SSEs. The Li3 N-LiF layer coating on Li3 PS4 SSE achieves a record-high critical current of >6 mA cm-2 even at a high capacity of 6.0 mAh cm-2 . The Coulombic efficiency also reaches a record 99% in 150 cycles. The Li3 N-LiF/Li3 PS4 SSE enables LiCoO2 cathodes to achieve 101.6 mAh g-1 for 50 cycles. The design principle opens a new opportunity to develop high-energy all-solid-state Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Singyuk Hou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xinzi He
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Nan Piao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xiulin Fan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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12
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Krauskopf T, Richter FH, Zeier WG, Janek J. Physicochemical Concepts of the Lithium Metal Anode in Solid-State Batteries. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7745-7794. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thorben Krauskopf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Felix H. Richter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang G. Zeier
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Correnstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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Abstract
Over the past decades, Li-ion battery (LIB) has turned into one of the most important advances in the history of technology due to its extensive and in-depth impact on our life. Its omnipresence in all electric vehicles, consumer electronics and electric grids relies on the precisely tuned electrochemical dynamics and interactions among the electrolytes and the diversified anode and cathode chemistries therein. With consumers' demand for battery performance ever increasing, more and more stringent requirements are being imposed upon the established equilibria among these LIB components, and it became clear that the state-of-the-art electrolyte systems could no longer sustain the desired technological trajectory. Driven by such gap, researchers started to explore more unconventional electrolyte systems. From superconcentrated solvent-in-salt electrolytes to solid-state electrolytes, the current research realm of novel electrolyte systems has grown to unprecedented levels. In this review, we will avoid discussions on current state-of-the-art electrolytes but instead focus exclusively on unconventional electrolyte systems that represent new concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Li
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kang Xu
- Energy Storage Branch, Sensor and Electron Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Jun Lu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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15
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Preefer MB, Grebenkemper JH, Schroeder F, Bocarsly JD, Pilar K, Cooley JA, Zhang W, Hu J, Misra S, Seeler F, Schierle-Arndt K, Seshadri R. Rapid and Tunable Assisted-Microwave Preparation of Glass and Glass-Ceramic Thiophosphate "Li 7P 3S 11" Li-Ion Conductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:42280-42287. [PMID: 31682096 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glass and glass-ceramic samples of metastable lithium thiophosphates with compositions of 70Li2S-30P2S5 and Li7P3S11 were controllably prepared by using a rapid assisted-microwave procedure in under 30 min. The rapid preparation times and weak coupling of the evacuated silica ampules with microwave radiation ensure minimal reactivity of the reactants and the container. The microwave-prepared samples display comparable conductivity values with more conventionally prepared (melt quenched) glass and glass-ceramic samples, on the order of 0.1 and 1 mS cm-1 at room temperature, respectively. Rietveld analysis of synchrotron X-ray diffraction data acquired with an internal standard quantitatively yields phase amounts of the glassy and amorphous components, establishing the tunable nature of the microwave preparation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirm the composition and the appropriate ratios of isolated and corner-sharing tetrahedra in these semicrystalline systems. Solid-state 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy resolves the seven crystallographic Li sites in the crystalline compound into three main environments. The diffusion behavior of these Li environments as obtained from pulsed-field gradient NMR methods can be separated into one slow and one fast component. The rapid and tunable approach to the preparation of high quality "Li7P3S11" samples presented here coupled with detailed structural and compositional analysis opens the door to new and promising metastable solid electrolytes.
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Chen T, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Li P, Wang H, Yu C, Yan X, Wang L, Xu B. Argyrodite Solid Electrolyte with a Stable Interface and Superior Dendrite Suppression Capability Realized by ZnO Co-Doping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:40808-40816. [PMID: 31596066 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the high ionic conductivity and good machinability, the application of sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) is severely limited by the poor compatibility of oxide cathodes with Li metals. Herein, a ZnO co-doping strategy is proposed to enhance the chemical and electrochemical performance of sulfide SEs. Given the synergistic effect by incorporation of ZnO, the argyrodite electrolyte achieves superior interfacial stability and Li dendrite suppression capability. By in-depth ex situ analyses, the enhancement is ascribed to LiZn and Li3OBr formed in the argyrodite/Li interface and a reduced electronic conductivity arising from the ZnO doping. In addition, O doping improves the air stability for argyrodite without degrading the ionic conductivity because of the compensation by Zn doping. Hence, all-solid-state batteries with ZnO-doped electrolytes achieve higher initial Coulombic efficiency and a larger specific capacity than those of the ZnO-free electrolyte. ZnO-doped sulfide SEs are promising to develop all-solid-state Li-metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao , Hebei 066004 , China
| | - Long Zhang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao , Hebei 066004 , China
| | - Zhaoxing Zhang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao , Hebei 066004 , China
| | - Peng Li
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao , Hebei 066004 , China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science , Hebei University , Baoding , Hebei 071000 , China
| | - Chuang Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering , University of Western Ontario , 1151 Richmond Street , London , Ontario N6A 3K7 , Canada
| | - Xinlin Yan
- Institute of Solid State Physics , Vienna University of Technology , Wiedner Hauptstr. 8-10 , 1040 Vienna , Austria
| | - Limin Wang
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao , Hebei 066004 , China
| | - Bo Xu
- Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology , Yanshan University , Qinhuangdao , Hebei 066004 , China
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Erika N, Arthur TS, Bonnick P, Suto K, John M. The Discharge Mechanism for Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe electrochemical discharge mechanism is reported for all-solid lithium sulfur batteries. Upon milling with carbon fibers, the solid electrolyte used within the cathode composite becomes electrochemically active. Analysis with Raman spectroscopy and XPS revealed the importance of bridging S-S bond formation and breaking in lithium polysulfidophosphates during electrochemical lithiation of the active solid electrolyte. Remarkably, when sulfur is introduced as an active material in the cathode composite, lithium polysulfides are formed as an intermediate product before full lithiation into lithium sulfide. The synthesis of materials based on bridging S-S bonds is an important avenue to the design of new cathodes for allsolid batteries.
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Fan X, Ji X, Han F, Yue J, Chen J, Chen L, Deng T, Jiang J, Wang C. Fluorinated solid electrolyte interphase enables highly reversible solid-state Li metal battery. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaau9245. [PMID: 30588493 PMCID: PMC6303121 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau9245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are receiving great interest because their high mechanical strength and transference number could potentially suppress Li dendrites and their high electrochemical stability allows the use of high-voltage cathodes, which enhances the energy density and safety of batteries. However, the much lower critical current density and easier Li dendrite propagation in SSEs than in nonaqueous liquid electrolytes hindered their possible applications. Herein, we successfully suppressed Li dendrite growth in SSEs by in situ forming an LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) between the SSEs and the Li metal. The LiF-rich SEI successfully suppresses the penetration of Li dendrites into SSEs, while the low electronic conductivity and the intrinsic electrochemical stability of LiF block side reactions between the SSEs and Li. The LiF-rich SEI enhances the room temperature critical current density of Li3PS4 to a record-high value of >2 mA cm-2. Moreover, the Li plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency was escalated from 88% of pristine Li3PS4 to more than 98% for LiF-coated Li3PS4. In situ formation of electronic insulating LiF-rich SEI provides an effective way to prevent Li dendrites in the SSEs, constituting a substantial leap toward the practical applications of next-generation high-energy solid-state Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Xiao Ji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Fudong Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Jie Yue
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Tao Deng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Zhang Z, Zhang L, Liu Y, Wang H, Yu C, Zeng H, Wang LM, Xu B. Interface-Engineered Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 -Based Garnet Solid Electrolytes with Suppressed Li-Dendrite Formation and Enhanced Electrochemical Performance. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:3774-3782. [PMID: 30193013 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High grain-boundary resistance, Li-dendrite formation, and electrode/Li interfacial resistance are three major issues facing garnet-based solid electrolytes. Herein, interfacial architecture engineering by incorporating 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (BMP-TFSI) ionic liquid into a garnet oxide is proposed. The "soft" continuous BMP-TFSI coating with no added Li salt generates a conducting network facilitating Li+ transport and thus changes the ion conduction mode from point contacts to face contacts. The compacted microstructure suppresses Li-dendrite growth and shows good interfacial compatibility and interfacial wettability toward Li metal. Along with a broad electrochemical window larger than 5.5 V and an Li+ transference number that practically reaches unity, LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 /Li and LiFePO4 /Li solid-state batteries with the hybrid solid electrolyte exhibit superior cycling stability and low polarization, comparable to those with commercial liquid electrolytes, and excellent rate capability that is better than those of Li-salt-based ionic-liquid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, P. R. China
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Yu
- Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, Delft, 2629 JB, The Netherlands
| | - Hong Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Nanomaterials, Advance Technology & Materials Co., Ltd, China Iron & Steel Research Institute Group, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Li-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, P. R. China
| | - Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066004, P. R. China
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El kharbachi A, Hu Y, Yoshida K, Vajeeston P, Kim S, Sørby MH, Orimo SI, Fjellvåg H, Hauback BC. Lithium ionic conduction in composites of Li(BH4)0.75I0.25 and amorphous 0.75Li2S·0.25P2S5 for battery applications. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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