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Liao H, Gao Y, Wang L, Cheng S, Liu D, Du H, Lin L. Chemical Doping and O-Functionalization of Carbon-Based Electrode to Improve Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400705. [PMID: 38818626 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) holds promise for large-scale energy storage applications, despite its lower energy and power densities compared to advanced secondary batteries available today. Carbon materials are considered suitable catalyst electrodes for improving many aspects of the VRFB. However, pristine graphite structures in carbon materials are catalytically inert and require modification to activate their catalytic activity. Among the various strategies developed so far, O-functionalization and chemical doping of carbon materials are considered some of the most promising pathways to regulate their electronic structures. Building on the catalytic mechanisms involved in the VRFB, this concise review discusses recent advancements in the O-functionalization and chemical doping of carbon materials. Furthermore, it explores how these materials can be tailored and highlights future directions for developing more promising VRFBs to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxi Liao
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, China
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Shuyu Cheng
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Dezheng Liu
- Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, China
| | - Hongfang Du
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Liangxu Lin
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, 350117, China
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Guglielmero L, Mezzetta A, D'Andrea F, Guazzelli L, Pomelli CS. Betaine mediated enhancement of thermal stability and acidity tolerance of vanadium(V) solutions. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 38015014 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02378h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A panel of novel vanadium(IV)-betaine complexes has been synthesized according to new and efficient methodologies and characterized through both spectroscopic techniques and thermal analyses. Vanadium(IV)-betaine solutions have been electrochemically oxidized and the effect of betaine ligands on the thermal and pH stability of vanadium(V) solutions has been evaluated under different temperature and acidity conditions. The obtained results displayed a remarkable effect for both of the examined parameters, achieving the preparation of aqueous vanadium(V) solutions displaying long term stability at more than 55 °C under mild acidic conditions. The species formed in the betaine rich vanadium(V) solutions have been sprectroscopically identified in relationship with the acidity of the solution, and the obtained results were confirmed through computational techniques. Vanadium-betaine based solutions have been finally tested in a lab-scale redox flow battery setup, providing preliminary insight into the possible use of this type of electrolyte in VRFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Guglielmero
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Felicia D'Andrea
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Lee JI, Faheem AB, Jang WJ, Kim KM, Cha JS, Seo NU, Kim H, Lee KK, Yang JH. Effective Enhancement of Energy Density of Zinc-Polyiodide Flow Batteries by Organic/Penta-iodide Complexation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48122-48134. [PMID: 37791814 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Based on the ambipolar characteristics and high solubility of ZnI2, zinc-polyiodide flow batteries (ZIFB) have attracted attention as high-energy density flow batteries. However, due to the various oxidation products of iodide (I-) and the formation of iodine (I2) solid precipitates at the positive electrode, the limiting state-of-charge (SoC) of ZIFB has not been clearly defined. Herein, a clear definition of SoC in ZIFBs is given based on the thermodynamic relationship among I-(aq), I3-(aq), I5-(aq), and I2(aq) in the electrolyte. Conventional ZIFBs are limited by their maximum attainable SoC of 87%, at which the fully charged catholyte includes I-, I3-, and I5- ions at molar ratios of 49.6, 32.2, and 18.1%, respectively. Furthermore, two effective strategies to extend the maximum SoC are suggested: (1) increasing the formation constant (Keq) of I3- can raise the availability of I- for electrooxidation by suppressing I2 precipitation, and (2) promoting the production of higher-order polyiodides such as I5- can increase the oxidation state of the charged electrolyte. The addition of 5 vol % triethylene glycol (tri-EG) to the electrolyte increased Keq from 710 to 1123 L mol-1; this increase was confirmed spectrophotometrically. Tri-EG stabilized I5- ions in the form of the I5-/tri-EG complex, thereby converting the main oxidation product from I3- to I5-. The preferred electrochemical production of I5- in the tri-EG electrolyte was observed by electrochemical and computational analyses. As a result, the maximum attainable SoC was enhanced remarkably to 116%, yielding molar ratios of I-, I3-, and I5- ions of 9.1, 11.2, and 79.7%, respectively. This SoC extension effect was confirmed in the ZIFB flow cell with stable charge-discharge cycling at the SoC 120% limit, demonstrating the highest energy density, 249.9 Wh L-1, among all reported ZIFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ik Lee
- Energy Storage Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdullah Bin Faheem
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Joon Jang
- Department of Cell Development, SK on, Daejeon 34124, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Kim
- Energy Storage Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seong Cha
- Energy Storage Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Noh-Uk Seo
- Energy Storage Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Yang
- Energy Storage Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
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Ding C, Shen Z, Zhu Y, Cheng Y. Insights into the Modification of Carbonous Felt as an Electrode for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103811. [PMID: 37241437 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) has been regarded as one of the best potential stationary electrochemical storage systems for its design flexibility, long cycle life, high efficiency, and high safety; it is usually utilized to resolve the fluctuations and intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. As one of the critical components of VRFBs to provide the reaction sites for redox couples, an ideal electrode should possess excellent chemical and electrochemical stability, conductivity, and a low price, as well as good reaction kinetics, hydrophilicity, and electrochemical activity, in order to satisfy the requirements for high-performance VRFBs. However, the most commonly used electrode material, a carbonous felt electrode, such as graphite felt (GF) or carbon felt (CF), suffers from relatively inferior kinetic reversibility and poor catalytic activity toward the V2+/V3+ and VO2+/VO2+ redox couples, limiting the operation of VRFBs at low current density. Therefore, modified carbon substrates have been extensively investigated to improve vanadium redox reactions. Here, we give a brief review of recent progress in the modification methods of carbonous felt electrodes, such as surface treatment, the deposition of low-cost metal oxides, the doping of nonmetal elements, and complexation with nanostructured carbon materials. Thus, we give new insights into the relationships between the structure and the electrochemical performance, and provide some perspectives for the future development of VRFBs. Through a comprehensive analysis, it is found that the increase in the surface area and active sites are two decisive factors that enhance the performance of carbonous felt electrodes. Based on the varied structural and electrochemical characterizations, the relationship between the surface nature and electrochemical activity, as well as the mechanism of the modified carbon felt electrodes, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ding
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhefei Shen
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuanhui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Maksimova TA, Mishakov IV, Bauman YI, Ayupov AB, Mel’gunov MS, Dmitrachkov AM, Nartova AV, Stoyanovskii VO, Vedyagin AA. Effect of Pretreatment with Acids on the N-Functionalization of Carbon Nanofibers Using Melamine. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15228239. [PMID: 36431724 PMCID: PMC9693401 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, N-functionalized carbon nanomaterials attract a growing interest. The use of melamine as a functionalizing agent looks prospective from environmental and cost points of view. Moreover, the melamine molecule contains a high amount of nitrogen with an atomic ratio C/N of 1/2. In present work, the initial carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were synthesized via catalytic pyrolysis of ethylene over microdispersed Ni-Cu alloy. The CNF materials were pretreated with 12% hydrochloric acid or with a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids, which allowed etching of the metals from the fibers and oxidizing of the fibers' surface. Finally, the CNFs were N-functionalized via their impregnation with a melamine solution and thermolysis in an inert atmosphere. According to the microscopic data, the initial structure of the CNFs remained the same after the pretreatment and post-functionalization procedures. At the same time, the surface of the N-functionalized CNFs became more defective. The textural properties of the materials were also affected. In the case of the oxidative treatment with a mixture of acids, the highest content of the surface oxygen of 11.8% was registered by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The amount of nitrogen introduced during the post-functionalization of CNFs with melamine increased from 1.4 to 4.3%. Along with this, the surface oxygen concentration diminished to 6.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yury I. Bauman
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Artem B. Ayupov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maksim S. Mel’gunov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aleksey M. Dmitrachkov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anna V. Nartova
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Review of Bipolar Plate in Redox Flow Batteries: Materials, Structures, and Manufacturing. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-021-00108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kim SC, Lim H, Kim H, Yi JS, Lee D. Nitrogen and oxygen dual-doping on carbon electrodes by urea thermolysis and its electrocatalytic significance for vanadium redox flow battery. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Schnucklake M, Eifert L, Schneider J, Zeis R, Roth C. Porous N- and S-doped carbon-carbon composite electrodes by soft-templating for redox flow batteries. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:1131-1139. [PMID: 31293851 PMCID: PMC6604702 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Highly porous carbon-carbon composite electrodes for the implementation in redox flow battery systems have been synthesized by a novel soft-templating approach. A PAN-based carbon felt was embedded into a solution containing a phenolic resin, a nitrogen source (pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde) and a sulfur source (2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde), as well as a triblock copolymer (Pluronic® F-127) acting as the structure-directing agent. By this strategy, highly porous carbon phase co-doped with nitrogen and sulfur was obtained inside the macroporous carbon felt. For the investigation of electrode structure and porosity X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen sorption (BET) were used. The electrochemical performance of the carbon felts was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The N- and S-doped carbon electrodes show promising activity for the positive side reaction and could be seen as a significant advance in the design of carbon felt electrodes for use in redox flow batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Schnucklake
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - László Eifert
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Helmholtz Institute Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jonathan Schneider
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Zeis
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Helmholtz Institute Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christina Roth
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Ling W, Deng Q, Ma Q, Wang H, Zhou C, Xu J, Yin Y, Wu X, Zeng X, Guo Y. Hierarchical Carbon Micro/Nanonetwork with Superior Electrocatalysis for High-Rate and Endurable Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1801281. [PMID: 30581714 PMCID: PMC6299713 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are receiving increasing interest in energy storage fields because of their safety and versatility. However, the electrocatalytic activity of the electrode is a pivotal factor that still restricts the power and cycling capabilities of VRFBs. Here, a hierarchical carbon micro/nanonetwork (HCN) electrode codoped with nitrogen and phosphorus is prepared for application in VRFBs by cross-linking polymerization of aniline and physic acid, and subsequent pyrolysis on graphite felt. Due to the hierarchical electron pathways and abundant heteroatom active sites, the HCN exhibits superior electrocatalysis toward the vanadium redox couples and imparts the VRFBs with an outstanding energy efficiency and extraordinary stability after 2000 cycles at 250 mA cm-2 and a discharge capacity of 10.5 mA h mL-1 at an extra-large current density of 400 mA cm-2. Such a micro/nanostructure design will force the advancement of durable and high-power VRFBs and other electrochemical energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ling
- College of ScienceHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan410128P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Beijing100190P. R. China
| | - Qi Deng
- College of ScienceHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan410128P. R. China
- Hunan Province Yin Feng New Energy Co. Ltd.ChangshaHunan410000P. R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- College of ScienceHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan410128P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Beijing100190P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Rui Wang
- College of ScienceHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan410128P. R. China
| | - Chun‐Jiao Zhou
- College of ScienceHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan410128P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Kai Xu
- College of ScienceHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan410128P. R. China
| | - Ya‐Xia Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Beijing100190P. R. China
| | - Xiong‐Wei Wu
- College of ScienceHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan410128P. R. China
- Hunan Province Yin Feng New Energy Co. Ltd.ChangshaHunan410000P. R. China
| | - Xian‐Xiang Zeng
- College of ScienceHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaHunan410128P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Guo Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and NanotechnologyCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Beijing100190P. R. China
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Sheng H, Ma Q, Yu JG, Zhang XD, Zhang W, Yin YX, Wu X, Zeng XX, Guo YG. Robust Electrodes with Maximized Spatial Catalysis for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:38922-38927. [PMID: 30335954 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic efficiency is a crucial index for electrodes in flow batteries, and tremendous efforts have been devoted to exploring catalysts with as many reaction zones as possible. Nevertheless, the space between the reaction sites, especially for interstitial space utilization, is usually ignored and challengeable to exploit owing to the balance between the catalytic efficiency and structural stability. Herein, a three-dimensional conducting network was constructed via a nitrogen-rich carbon film-bridged graphite felt framework (GF@N-C) to maximize its electrocatalytic effectiveness toward redox species. As the electrode, GF@N-C exhibits a superior rate constant and catalytic efficiency at 370 mA cm-2 and enables the vanadium redox flow battery to operate steadily at 200 mA cm-2 with an energy efficiency of 74.3% and a discharge specific capacity of 23 A h L-1. It is anticipated that the conducting network with optimized space utilization and catalysis will provide guidance for the design of high-efficiency electrodes and advance their development in flow batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Sheng
- College of Science , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , Hunan 410128 , China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Qiang Ma
- College of Science , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , Hunan 410128 , China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Jin-Gang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410083 , China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Science , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , Hunan 410128 , China
| | - Ya-Xia Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Xiongwei Wu
- College of Science , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , Hunan 410128 , China
| | - Xian-Xiang Zeng
- College of Science , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha , Hunan 410128 , China
| | - Yu-Guo Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , China
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Etesami M, Abouzari-Lotf E, Sha'rani SS, Miyake M, Moozarm Nia P, Ripin A, Ahmad A. Self-assembled heteropolyacid on nitrogen-enriched carbon nanofiber for vanadium flow batteries. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13212-13222. [PMID: 29971298 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02450b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel polyoxometalate-based electrode was developed by incorporating phosphotungstic acid (PWA) in nylon-6,6 nanofiber, followed by carbonization. The developed PWA-carbon nanofiber (PWA-CNF) showed the characteristics of the dual-scale porosity of micro- and mesoporous substrate with surface area of around 684 m2 g-1. The compound exhibited excellent stability in vanadium electrolyte and battery cycling. Evaluation of electrocatalytic properties toward V2+/V3+ and VO2+/VO2+ redox couples indicated promising advantages in electron transfer kinetics and increasing energy efficiency, particularly for the VO2+/VO2+ couple. Moreover, the developed electrode exhibited substantially improved energy efficiency (14% higher than that of pristine carbon felt) in the single cell vanadium redox flow battery. This outstanding performance was attributed to high surface area and abundant oxygen-containing linkages in the developed electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Etesami
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Hong J, Kim K. Neutral Red and Ferroin as Reversible and Rapid Redox Materials for Redox Flow Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:1866-1872. [PMID: 29687962 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutral red and ferroin are used as redox indicators (RINs) in potentiometric titrations. The rapid response and reversibility that are prerequisites for RINs are also desirable properties for the active materials in redox flow batteries (RFBs). This study describes the electrochemical properties of ferroin and neutral red as a redox pair. The rapid reaction rates of the RINs allow a cell to run at a rate of 4 C with 89 % capacity retention after the 100th cycle. The diffusion coefficients, electrode reaction rates, and solubilities of the RINs were determined. The electron-transfer rate constants of ferroin and neutral red are 0.11 and 0.027 cm s-1 , respectively, which are greater than those of the components of all-vanadium and Zn/Br2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehoon Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Ketack Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Republic of Korea
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