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Wang T, Zhang W, Li T, Xia Q, Yang S, Weng J, Chen K, Chen W, Liu M, Du S, Zhang X, Song Y. Electrochromic Smart Window Based on Transition-Metal Phthalocyanine Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3181-3190. [PMID: 38294826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines have been widely investigated as electrochromic materials because of their large conjugated structure. However, they have shown limited applicability due to their complex electrochromism mechanism and low solubility in common organic solvents. Replacement of central metal ions in phthalocyanines affects their stability and is responsible for various electrochromic phenomena, such as color change. Herein, the relationship between the electron d-orbital arrangement in the outermost layer of transition metals and the electrochromic stability of phthalocyanine derivatives has been investigated. An enhanced solubility of phthalocyanines in organic solvents was obtained through the introduction of quaternary tert-butyl substitution. Electrochromic devices fabricated with transition-metal phthalocyanine derivatives showed high response speeds and good stability. The fast color-switching feature between blue/green and blue/purple makes it a promising candidate for smart windows and adaptive camouflage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taolve Wang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Hui Cheng District, Huizhou, Guangdong 516007, China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Zhongchuangyi Road, Hangzhou Bay District, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315336, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Zhongchuangyi Road, Hangzhou Bay District, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315336, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Tianhao Li
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Zhongchuangyi Road, Hangzhou Bay District, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315336, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 100872, China
| | - Suting Yang
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Hui Cheng District, Huizhou, Guangdong 516007, China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Zhongchuangyi Road, Hangzhou Bay District, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315336, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianquan Weng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Zhongchuangyi Road, Hangzhou Bay District, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315336, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Wangqiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Nan Gang District, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 100872, China
| | - Yujie Song
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Hui Cheng District, Huizhou, Guangdong 516007, China
- Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH, Zhongchuangyi Road, Hangzhou Bay District, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315336, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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Xu Z, Wang B, Kong L, Zhao J, Du Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Solution-Processible Donor-Acceptor Electrochromic Conjugated Copolymers Based on Quinoxalino[2',3':9,10]phenanthro[4,5-abc]phenazine as the Acceptor Unit. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040940. [PMID: 36850223 PMCID: PMC9965564 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor-acceptor (D-A) type conjugated polymers are of high interest in the field of electrochromism. In this study, three novel conjugated copolymers (PBPE-1, PBPE-2 and PBPE-3) based on quinoxalino[2',3':9,10]phenanthro[4,5-abc]phenazine (A) as the acceptor unit and 4,8-bis((2-octyldodecyl)oxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (D1) and 3,3-didecyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine (ProDOT-decyl2, D2) as the donor units with different donor-to-acceptor ratios were successfully synthesized through Stille coupling polymerization. The polymers were then characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectoscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), spectroelectrochemistry, thermogravimetry (TG), electrochromic switching and colorimetry. Optical band gap values were calculated as 1.99 eV, 2.02 eV and 2.03 eV, respectively. The three copolymers have good solubility, distinct redox peaks, wide absorption spectra, good thermal stabilities, bright color changes and significant electrochromic switching properties. Compared to the other two copolymers, the PBPE-3 film exhibited high coloration efficiency values of 513 cm2·C-1 at 504 nm and 475 cm2·C-1 at 1500 nm. The films have the advantage of exhibiting cathodic and anodic coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Bozhen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Lingqian Kong
- Dongchang College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yuchang Du
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Applied Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Y.D.)
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Shu M, Tao J, Han Y, Fu W, Li X, Zhang R, Liu J. Molecular engineering of terpyridine-Fe(II) coordination polymers consisting of quinoxaline-based π-spacers toward enhanced electrochromic performance. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Fu W, Chen H, Yi X, Zhang R, Liu J. Electrochemical polymerization of D-A-D type monomers consisting of triphenylamine and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dipyrazine units for multicolor electrochromism. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Yu L, Shi M, Wang Z, Xing X, Umair Ali M, He Y, Meng H. Tuning the UV/Vis Absorption Spectra of Electrochromic Small Molecular Radicals Through Bridge Modulation. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1684-1691. [PMID: 34164904 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the optical properties of donor-bridge-acceptor (DBA) materials in their radical anion state are rare but important. Such investigations can help to extend the application of DBA materials to opto-electrochemical devices and no longer limit them to optical physics research. In this work, a series of new DBA materials, TACzs, for overcoming this limitation are reported. All TACzs show strong intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in their photoexcited states, leading to noticeable solvatochromism. Besides, the electronic structures of their radical anions show great variability, displaying different absorption spectra and diverse colors. Moreover, the potential application of TACzs as electrochromic and electro-fluorochromic materials are discussed. This work demonstrates that manipulating the π bridge between the donor and acceptor in the DBA system is an effective pathway not only to tailor the ICT properties of materials in their neutral state, but also to tune the absorption characteristics of their radical anion state, which makes them very promising for applications in electroluminescent and electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Yu
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ming Shi
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zikuan Wang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, Mülheim an der Ruhr, 45470, Germany
| | - Xing Xing
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University (Shenzhen), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Muhammad Umair Ali
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yaowu He
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Li W, Yuan F, Xu N, Mei S, Chen Z, Zhang C. Triphenylamine-triazine polymer materials obtained by electrochemical polymerization: Electrochemistry stability, anions trapping behavior and electrochromic-supercapacitor application. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Fu W, Chen H, Han Y, Wang W, Zhang R, Liu J. Electropolymerization of D–A–D type monomers consisting of triphenylamine and substituted quinoxaline moieties for electrochromic devices. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04074j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We reported three D–A–D type monomers consisting of triphenylamine and substituted quinoxaline moieties, and their electrochemical polymerization for electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenan Fu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Hongjin Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yiying Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-based Green Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
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Multi-color poly(3-methylthiophene) films prepared by a novel pre-nucleation electrodeposition grown method for enhancing electrochromic stability. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Drewniak A, Tomczyk MD, Knop K, Walczak KZ, Ledwon P. Multiple Redox States and Multielectrochromism of Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers with Aromatic Diimide Pendant Groups. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Drewniak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mateusz D. Tomczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Karol Knop
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Z. Walczak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Ledwon
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Chu T, Yue H, Zhao Y, Du H, Zhang Y, Han X, Zhao J, Zhang J. Synthesis and characterization of D-A type conjugated electrochromic polymers with cross-linked structure employing a novel and multi-functionalized molecular as the acceptor unit. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Bini K, Murto P, Elmas S, Andersson MR, Wang E. Broad spectrum absorption and low-voltage electrochromic operation from indacenodithieno[3,2-b]thiophene-based copolymers. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01787e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The design and application of IDTT-based conjugated polymers for red-to-transparent and black-to-transparent electrochromic switching at low voltages are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Bini
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Petri Murto
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Göteborg
- Sweden
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology
| | - Sait Elmas
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology
- Flinders University
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Mats R. Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology
- Flinders University
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Göteborg
- Sweden
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Yin Y, Li W, Zeng X, Xu P, Murtaza I, Guo Y, Liu Y, Li T, Cao J, He Y, Meng H. Design Strategy for Efficient Solution-Processable Red Electrochromic Polymers Based on Unconventional 3,6-Bis(dodecyloxy)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene Building Blocks. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Yin
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weishuo Li
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xianzhe Zeng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Panpan Xu
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Imran Murtaza
- Department of Physics, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Yitong Guo
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tingting Li
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jupeng Cao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yaowu He
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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