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Wang Y, Chen Z, Jiang K, Shen Z, Passerini S, Chen M. Accelerating the Development of LLZO in Solid-State Batteries Toward Commercialization: A Comprehensive Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402035. [PMID: 38770746 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are under development as high-priority technologies for safe and energy-dense next-generation electrochemical energy storage systems operating over a wide temperature range. Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) exhibit high thermal stability and, in some cases, the ability to prevent dendrite growth through a physical barrier, and compatibility with the "holy grail" metallic lithium. These unique advantages of SSEs have spurred significant research interests during the last decade. Garnet-type SSEs, that is, Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), are intensively investigated due to their high Li-ion conductivity and exceptional chemical and electrochemical stability against lithium metal anodes. However, poor interfacial contact with cathode materials, undesirable lithium plating along grain boundaries, and moisture-induced chemical degradation greatly hinder the practical implementation of LLZO-based SSEs for SSBs. In this review, the recent advances in synthesis methods, modification strategies, corresponding mechanisms, and applications of garnet-based SSEs in SSBs are critically summarized. Furthermore, a comprehensive evaluation of the challenges and development trends of LLZO-based electrolytes in practical applications is presented to accelerate their development for high-performance SSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Applications (Ministry of Education), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Applications (Ministry of Education), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Applications (Ministry of Education), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zexiang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Applications (Ministry of Education), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Stefano Passerini
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Sapienza University of Rome, Chemistry Department, P. Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Minghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectric and Applications (Ministry of Education), School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
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Pan J, Gao L, Zhang X, Huang D, Zhu J, Wang L, Wei Y, Yin W, Xia Y, Zou R, Zhao Y, Han S. Exploring the Underlying Correlation between the Structure and Ionic Conductivity in Halide Spinel Solid-State Electrolytes with Neutron Diffraction. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3418-3427. [PMID: 38323573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The development of cutting-edge solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) entails a deep understanding of the underlying correlation between the structure and ionic conductivity. Generally, the structure of SSEs encompasses several interconnected crystal parameters, and their collective influence on Li+ transport can be challenging to discern. Here, we systematically investigate the structure-function relationship of halide spinel LixMgCl2+x (2 ≥ x ≥ 1) SSEs. A nonmonotonic trend in the ionic conductivity of LixMgCl2+x SSEs has been observed, with the maximum value of 8.69 × 10-6 S cm-1 achieved at x = 1.4. The Rietveld refinement analysis, based on neutron diffraction data, has revealed that the crystal parameters including cell parameters, Li+ vacancies, Debye-Waller factor, and Li-Cl bond length assume diverse roles in influencing ionic conductivity of LixMgCl2+x at different stages within the range of x values. Besides, mechanistic analysis demonstrates Li+ transport along three-dimensional pathways, which primarily governs the contribution to ionic conductivity of LixMgCl2+x SSEs. This study has shed light on the collective influence of crystal parameters on Li+ transport behaviors, providing valuable insights into the intricate relationship between the structure and ionic conductivity of SSEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyang Pan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dubin Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinlong Zhu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yadong Wei
- Institute of Science & Technology Innovation, Dongguan University of Technology (Institute of Science & Technology Innovation and Advanced Manufacturing), Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Yuanguang Xia
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Ruqiang Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Songbai Han
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Shi Y, Liu Y, Ma T, Hu X, Liu X, Jiang Y, Li W, Zhang J, Zhao B. In-situ cross-linked multifunctional polymer electrolyte buffer layers for high-performance garnet solid-state lithium metal batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 641:470-478. [PMID: 36948102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The garnet Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12 (LLZTO) is one of the most promising electrolytes for commercial application since of its high ionic conductivity and good stability to Li. Nevertheless, the poor electrolyte/electrode interface contact enlarges the interface impedance of all-solid-state battery (ASSB). Herein, a multifunctional polymer electrolyte (MPE) interface buffer layers are formed on both sides of LLZTO surface through an in-situ crosslinking strategy to improve the interface contact with electrodes, which can facilitate uniform Li+ deposition/exfoliation and inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites as evidenced by the reduced interface impedance (103.4 Ω cm2), the increased critical current density (CDD, 1.2 mA cm-2) and 950 h stable cycle of Li symmetric cells at 0.7 mA cm-2, 0.7 mA h cm-2. Besides, the MPE layer can reduce the magnitude of electric field at the interface and widen the electrochemical window (0∼5.2 V). The stable interface of the LLZTO@MPE/cathode enables the full cells matching with the LiFePO4 (LFP) and LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) cathodes to deliver superior electrochemical performances. Specifically, the Li/MPE@LLZTO@MPE/LFP delivers a capacity retention rate of 87% after 200 cycles at 1 C. When it's matched with the NCM523 cathode, a capacity retention rate of 98% is retained after 100 cycles at 1 C. This work provides an effective and simple way to build good-interface-contact and long-lifespan garnet solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Shi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yiqian Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tengzhou Ma
- Shanghai Customs Industrial Products and Raw Materials Testing Technology Center, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Xiongtao Hu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- College of Sciences/Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Wenrong Li
- College of Sciences/Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- College of Sciences/Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Kim JH, Go K, Lee KJ, Kim H. Improved Performance of All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries via Physical and Chemical Interfacial Control. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103433. [PMID: 34761571 PMCID: PMC8805574 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) show several limitations, such as high flammability and Li dendrite growth. All-solid-state LMBs (ASSLMBs) are promising alternatives to conventional liquid electrolyte (LE)-based LMBs. However, it is challenging to prepare a solid electrolyte with both high ionic conductivity and low electrode-electrolyte interfacial resistance. In this study, to overcome these problems, a solid composite electrolyte (SCE) consisting of Li6.25 La3 Zr2 Al0.25 O12 and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene is used, which has attracted considerable attention in recent years as a solid-state electrolyte. To operate LMBs without an LE, optimization of the electrode-solid-electrolyte interface is crucial. To achieve this, physical and chemical treatments are performed, i.e., direct growth of each layer by drop casting and thermal evaporation, and plasma treatment before the Li evaporation process, respectively. The optimized ASSLMB (amorphous V2 O5- x (1 µm)/SCE (30 µm)/Li film (10 µm)) has a high discharge capacity of 136.13 mAh g-1 (at 50 °C and 5 C), which is 90% of that of an LMB with an LE. It also shows good cycling performance (>99%) over 1000 cycles. Thus, the proposed design minimizes the electrode-solid-electrolyte interfacial resistance, and is expected to be suitable for integration with existing commercial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Heon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCollege of EngineeringChungnam National University99 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34134Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmo Go
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryCollege of EngineeringChungnam National University99 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34134Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied ChemistryCollege of EngineeringChungnam National University99 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34134Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun‐Suk Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCollege of EngineeringChungnam National University99 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34134Republic of Korea
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Crystal Structure and Preparation of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) Solid-State Electrolyte and Doping Impacts on the Conductivity: An Overview. ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem2030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As an essential part of solid-state lithium-ion batteries, solid electrolytes are receiving increasing interest. Among all solid electrolytes, garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) has proven to be one of the most promising electrolytes because of its high ionic conductivity at room temperature, low activation energy, good chemical and electrochemical stability, and wide potential window. Since the first report of LLZO, extensive research has been done in both experimental investigations and theoretical simulations aiming to improve its performance and make LLZO a feasible solid electrolyte. These include developing different methods for the synthesis of LLZO, using different crucibles and different sintering temperatures to stabilize the crystal structure, and adopting different methods of cation doping to achieve more stable LLZO with a higher ionic conductivity and lower activation energy. It also includes intensive efforts made to reveal the mechanism of Li ion movement and understand its determination of the ionic conductivity of the material through molecular dynamic simulations. Nonetheless, more insightful study is expected in order to obtain LLZO with a higher ionic conductivity at room temperature and further improve chemical and electrochemical stability, while optimal multiple doping is thought to be a feasible and promising route. This review summarizes recent progress in the investigations of crystal structure and preparation of LLZO, and the impacts of doping on the lithium ionic conductivity of LLZO.
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Tri-Doping of Sol-Gel Synthesized Garnet-Type Oxide Solid-State Electrolyte. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12020134. [PMID: 33513768 PMCID: PMC7912065 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly growing Li-ion battery market has generated considerable demand for Li-ion batteries with improved performance and stability. All-solid-state Li-ion batteries offer promising safety and manufacturing enhancements. Herein, we examine the effect of substitutional doping at three cation sites in garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) oxide ceramics produced by a sol-gel synthesis technique with the aim of enhancing the properties of solid-state electrolytes for use in all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. Building on the results of mono-doping experiments with different doping elements and sites-Al, Ga, and Ge at the Li+ site; Rb at the La3+ site; and Ta and Nb at the Zr4+ site-we designed co-doped (Ga, Al, or Rb with Nb) and tri-doped (Ga or Al with Rb and Nb) samples by compositional optimization, and achieved a LLZO ceramic with a pure cubic phase, almost no secondary phase, uniform grain structure, and excellent Li-ion conductivity. The findings extend the current literature on the doping of LLZO ceramics and highlight the potential of the sol-gel method for the production of solid-state electrolytes.
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Guo S, Sun Y, Cao A. Garnet-type Solid-state Electrolyte Li7La3Zr2O12: Crystal Structure, Element Doping and Interface Strategies for Solid-state Lithium Batteries. Chem Res Chin Univ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-020-0116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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