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Yang B, Cang J, Li Z, Chen J. Nanocrystals as performance-boosting materials for solar cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1331-1360. [PMID: 38419867 PMCID: PMC10898446 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01063e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Nanocrystals (NCs) have been widely studied owing to their distinctive properties and promising application in new-generation photoelectric devices. In photovoltaic devices, semiconductor NCs can act as efficient light harvesters for high-performance solar cells. Besides light absorption, NCs have shown great significance as functional layers for charge (hole and electron) transport and interface modification to improve the power conversion efficiency and stability of solar cells. NC-based functional layers can boost hole/electron transport ability, adjust energy level alignment between a light absorbing layer and charge transport layer, broaden the absorption range of an active layer, enhance intrinsic stability, and reduce fabrication cost. In this review, recent advances in NCs as a hole transport layer, electron transport layer, and interfacial layer are discussed. Additionally, NC additives to improve the performance of solar cells are demonstrated. Finally, a summary and future prospects of NC-based functional materials in solar cells are presented, addressing their limitations and suggesting potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boping Yang
- College of Science, Guizhou Institute of Technology Guiyang 550003 China
| | - Junjie Cang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology Yancheng 224051 China
| | - Zhiling Li
- College of Science, Guizhou Institute of Technology Guiyang 550003 China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Electrical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology Guiyang 550003 China
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2
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Armstrong PJ, Chapagain S, Panta R, Grapperhaus C, Druffel T. Synthesizing and formulating metal oxide nanoparticle inks for perovskite solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12248-12261. [PMID: 37751155 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02830e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The perovskite solar cell has commercial potential due to the low-cost of materials and manufacturing processes with cell efficiencies on par with traditional technologies. Nanomaterials have many properties that make them attractive for the perovskite devices, including low-cost inks, low temperature processing, stable material properties and good charge transport. In this feature article, the use of nanomaterials in the hole transport and electron transport layers are reviewed. Specifically, SnO2 and NiOx are the leading materials with the most promise for translation to large scale applications. The review includes a discussion of the synthesis, formulation, and processing of these nanoparticles and provides insights for their further deployment towards commercially viable perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Armstrong
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Sashil Chapagain
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Rojita Panta
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Craig Grapperhaus
- University of Louisville, Department of Chemistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Thad Druffel
- University of Louisville, Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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Armstrong PJ, Chandrasekhar PS, Chapagain S, Cline CM, van Hest MFAM, Druffel T, Grapperhaus CA. Solvation of NiO xfor hole transport layer deposition in perovskite solar cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:065403. [PMID: 34678789 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac328e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of nickel oxide (NiOx) inks, in the perovskite antisolvent chlorobenzene (CB) containing 15% ethanol, were prepared for the fabrication of p-i-n perovskite solar cells by blade coating. The inks included triethylamine (Et3N) and alkyl xanthate salts as ligands to disperse NiOxparticle aggregates and stabilize suspension. A total of four inks were evaluated: 0X (Et3N with no alkyl xanthate), 4X (Et3N + potassiumn-butyl xanthate), 12X (Et3N + potassiumn-dodecyl xanthate), and 18X (Et3N + potassiumn-octadecyl xanthate). The inks were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy and the resulting films analyzed by thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy. Devices prepared using the 0X ink resulted in a peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.47% (0.25 cm2) and 9.96% (1 cm2). The 0X devices showed no significant loss of PCE after 100 days in a nitrogen flow box. Devices prepared with inks containing alkyl xanthate ligand had lower PCE that decreased with decreasing chain length, 18X > 12X > 4X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
| | - P S Chandrasekhar
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
| | - Sashil Chapagain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
| | - Carmen M Cline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
| | - Maikel F A M van Hest
- Chemical and Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - Thad Druffel
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
| | - Craig A Grapperhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
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Di Girolamo D, Di Giacomo F, Matteocci F, Marrani AG, Dini D, Abate A. Progress, highlights and perspectives on NiO in perovskite photovoltaics. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7746-7759. [PMID: 34094149 PMCID: PMC8163100 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02859b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of NiO based perovskite solar cells has recently hit a record 22.1% with a hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite composition and a PCE above 15% in a fully inorganic configuration was achieved. Moreover, NiO processing is a mature technology, with different industrially attractive processes demonstrated in the last few years. These considerations, along with the excellent stabilities reported, clearly point towards NiO as the most efficient inorganic hole selective layer for lead halide perovskite photovoltaics, which is the topic of this review. NiO optoelectronics is discussed by analysing the different doping mechanisms, with a focus on the case of alkaline and transition metal cation dopants. Doping allows tuning the conductivity and the energy levels of NiO, improving the overall performance and adapting the material to a variety of perovskite compositions. Furthermore, we summarise the main investigations on the NiO/perovskite interface stability. In fact, the surface of NiO is commonly oxidised and reactive with perovskite, also under the effect of light, thermal and electrical stress. Interface engineering strategies should be considered aiming at long term stability and the highest efficiency. Finally, we present the main achievements in flexible, fully printed and lead-free perovskite photovoltaics which employ NiO as a layer and provide our perspective to accelerate the improvement of these technologies. Overall, we show that adequately doped and passivated NiO might be an ideal hole selective layer in every possible application of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Di Girolamo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering. University of Naples Federico II Pzz.le Vincenzo Tecchio 80 Naples 80125 Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza Pzz.le Aldo Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Francesco Di Giacomo
- C.H.O.S.E.- Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata Via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Fabio Matteocci
- C.H.O.S.E.- Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata Via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomo Marrani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza Pzz.le Aldo Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Danilo Dini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza Pzz.le Aldo Moro 5 Rome 00185 Italy
| | - Antonio Abate
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering. University of Naples Federico II Pzz.le Vincenzo Tecchio 80 Naples 80125 Italy
- Institute for Silicon Photovoltaics, Hemlholtz Zentrum Berlin Kekulestraße 5 D-12489 Berlin Germany
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Cai C, Zhou K, Guo H, Pei Y, Hu Z, Zhang J, Zhu Y. Enhanced hole extraction by NiO nanoparticles in carbon-based perovskite solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lachowicz D, Wirecka R, Górka-Kumik W, Marzec MM, Gajewska M, Kmita A, Żukrowski J, Sikora M, Zapotoczny S, Bernasik A. Gradient of zinc content in core–shell zinc ferrite nanoparticles – precise study on composition and magnetic properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:23473-23484. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03591e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Structure, magnetic properties and chemical composition of synthesized zinc ferrite nanoparticles were characterized by a broad spectrum of methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Lachowicz
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology
- 30-059 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Roma Wirecka
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science
- 30-059 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Weronika Górka-Kumik
- Faculty of Physics
- Astronomy and Applied Computer Science
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Mateusz Marek Marzec
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology
- 30-059 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Marta Gajewska
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology
- 30-059 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Angelika Kmita
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology
- 30-059 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Jan Żukrowski
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology
- 30-059 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Marcin Sikora
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology
- 30-059 Krakow
- Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Bernasik
- AGH University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science
- 30-059 Krakow
- Poland
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Efficient and stable planar p-i-n perovskite solar cells by doping tungsten compound into PEDOT:PSS to facilitate perovskite crystalline. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bella F, Renzi P, Cavallo C, Gerbaldi C. Caesium for Perovskite Solar Cells: An Overview. Chemistry 2018; 24:12183-12205. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bella
- GAME Lab; Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT); Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy
| | - Polyssena Renzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi “La Sapienza”; P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Rome Italy
| | - Carmen Cavallo
- Department of Physics (Condensed Matter Physics); Chalmers University of Technology; Chalmersplatsen 1 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Claudio Gerbaldi
- GAME Lab; Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT); Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy
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Ameen S, Akhtar MS, Shin HS, Nazeeruddin MK. Charge-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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