1
|
Li H, Wang L, Song Y, Zhang Z, Du A, Tang Y, Wang J, He X. Why the Synthesis Affects Performance of Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312292. [PMID: 38216139 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The limited cyclability of high-specific-energy layered transition metal oxide (LiTMO2) cathode materials poses a significant challenge to the industrialization of batteries incorporating these materials. This limitation can be attributed to various factors, with the intrinsic behavior of the crystal structure during the cycle process being a key contributor. These factors include phase transition induced cracks, reduced Li active sites due to Li/Ni mixing, and slower Li+ migration. In addition, the presence of synthesis-induced heterogeneous phases and lattice defects cannot be disregarded as they also contribute to the degradation in performance. Therefore, gaining a profound understanding of the intricate relationship among material synthesis, structure, and performance is imperative for the development of LiTMO2. This paper highlights the pivotal role of structural play in LiTMO2 materials and provides a comprehensive overview of how various control factors influence the specific pathways of structural evolution during the synthesis process. In addition, it summarizes the scientific challenges associated with diverse modification approaches currently employed to address the cyclic failure of materials. The overarching goal is to provide readers with profound insights into the study of LiTMO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Youzhi Song
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Aimin Du
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiangming He
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xiao P, Li W, Chen S, Li G, Dai Z, Feng M, Chen X, Yang W. Effects of Oxygen Pressurization on Li +/Ni 2+ Cation Mixing and the Oxygen Vacancies of LiNi 0.8Co 0.15Al 0.05O 2 Cathode Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31851-31861. [PMID: 35799357 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ni-rich cathode materials are a low-cost and high-energy density solution for high-power lithium-ion batteries. However, Li+/Ni2+ cation mixing and oxygen vacancies are inevitably formed during the high-temperature calcination process, resulting in a poor crystal structure that adversely affects the electrochemical performance. In this work, the LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 cathode material with a regular crystal structure was prepared through oxygen pressurization during lithiation-calcination, which effectively solved the problems caused by the high calcination temperature, such as oxygen loss and a reduction of Ni3+. The co-effect of oxygen pressure and calcination temperature on the properties of Ni-rich materials was systematically explored. Oxygen pressurization increased the redox conversion temperature, thus promoting the oxidation of Ni2+ and reducing Li+/Ni2+ cation mixing. Moreover, due to the strong oxidizing environment provided by the elevated calcination temperature and oxygen pressurization, the LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 material synthesized under 0.4 MPa oxygen pressure and a calcination temperature of 775 °C exhibited few oxygen vacancies, which in turn suppressed the formation of microcracks during the electrochemical cycling. An additional feature of the LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 material was the small specific surface area of the particles, which reduced both the contact area with the electrolyte and side reactions. As a result, the LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 material exhibited remarkable electrochemical performance, with an initial discharge capacity of 191.6 mA h·g-1 at 0.1 C and a capacity retention of 94.5% at 0.2 C after 100 cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Wenhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Shuai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Gang Li
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhongjia Dai
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Mengdan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- New Oriental Academy, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang B, Cheng L, Li X, Zhao Z, Yang J, Li Y, Pang Y, Cao G. Layered Cathode Materials: Precursors, Synthesis, Microstructure, Electrochemical Properties, and Battery Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107697. [PMID: 35218307 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The exploitation of clean energy promotes the exploration of next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy-density, long life, high safety, and low cost. Ni-rich layered cathode materials are one of the most promising candidates for next-generation LIBs. Numerous studies focusing on the synthesis and modifications of the layered cathode materials are published every year. Many physical features of precursors, such as density, morphology, size distribution, and microstructure of primary particles pass to the resulting cathode materials, thus significantly affecting their electrochemical properties and battery performance. This review focuses on the recent advances in the controlled synthesis of hydroxide precursors and the growth of particles. The essential parameters in controlled coprecipitation are discussed in detail. Some innovative technologies for precursor modifications and for the synthesis of novel precursors are highlighted. In addition, future perspectives of the development of hydroxide precursors are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xinze Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Zaowen Zhao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Jianwen Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Youyong Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Guozhong Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Roles of Mn and Co in Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes synthesized utilizing a Taylor Vortex Reactor. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
5
|
Xiao P, Cao Y, Li W, Li G, Yu Y, Dai Z, Du Z, Chen X, Sun J, Yang W. Simple Strategy for Synthesizing LiNi 0.8Co 0.15Al 0.05O 2 Using CoAl-LDH Nanosheet-Coated Ni(OH) 2 as the Precursor: Dual Effects of the Buffer Layer and Synergistic Diffusion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:29714-29725. [PMID: 34152120 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ni-rich layered oxide LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 is a promising cathode material for high-power lithium-ion batteries due to its high energy density and low cost. However, obtaining LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 with a large and uniform particle size and without undesired Al-related phases using some conventional synthesis methods is quite difficult. These problems seriously affect the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, thus impeding its wide application. Here, we propose a simple strategy to synthesize LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 using CoAl-layered double hydroxide (CoAl-LDH) nanosheet-coated Ni(OH)2 as the precursor. Compared with LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 synthesized from nickel-cobalt-aluminum hydroxide and Al(OH)3-coated nickel-cobalt hydroxide precursors, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 produced using the proposed approach showed good sphericity, a large and uniform particle size, a pure phase, and excellent electrochemical performance. The superior properties are attributed to the dual effects of the buffer layer and synergistic diffusion. Specifically, the CoAl-LDH coating layer reacts with LiOH during the lithiation-calcination process to form a Li1-x(Co0.75Al0.25)1+xO2 mesophase as the buffer layer, which increases the formation temperature of the layered structure and reduces Li+/Ni2+ cation mixing, making a well-ordered crystal structure. Moreover, spectroscopic analysis results and density functional theory calculations indicated a synergistic diffusion effect between Co and Al, and the presence of Co on the surface promotes the diffusion of Al during the lithiation-calcination process, thus avoiding the formation of undesired Al-related phases and allowing for a uniform element distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yu Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wenhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Gang Li
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yongli Yu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Power Lithium-Ion Battery, Beijing 102200, PR China
| | - Zhongjia Dai
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - ZeXue Du
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jie Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fluorine-Doped LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 Cathode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13184808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For advanced lithium-ion batteries, LiNixCoyMnzO2 (x + y + z = 1) (NCM) cathode materials containing a high nickel content have been attractive because of their high capacity. However, to solve severe problems such as cation mixing, oxygen evolution, and transition metal dissolution in LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathodes, in this study, F-doped LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCMF) was synthesized by solid-state reaction of a NCM and ammonium fluoride, followed by heating process. From X-ray diffraction analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the oxygen in NCM can be replaced by F− ions to produce the F-doped NCM structure. The substitution of oxygen with F− ions may produce relatively strong bonds between the transition metal and F and increase the c lattice parameter of the structure. The NCMF cathode exhibits better electrochemical performance and stability in half- and full-cell tests compared to the NCM cathode.
Collapse
|
7
|
Dual-modification of Gd2O3 on the high-voltage electrochemical properties of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode materials via the solid-state method. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
8
|
Abstract
Driven by the increasing plea for greener transportation and efficient integration of renewable energy sources, Ni-rich metal layered oxides, namely NMC, Li [Ni1−x−yCoyMnz] O2 (x + y ≤ 0.4), and NCA, Li [Ni1−x−yCoxAly] O2, cathode materials have garnered huge attention for the development of Next-Generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The impetus behind such huge celebrity includes their higher capacity and cost effectiveness when compared to the-state-of-the-art LiCoO2 (LCO) and other low Ni content NMC versions. However, despite all the beneficial attributes, the large-scale deployment of Ni-rich NMC based LIBs poses a technical challenge due to less stability of the cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI) and diverse degradation processes that are associated with electrolyte decomposition, transition metal cation dissolution, cation–mixing, oxygen release reaction etc. Here, the potential degradation routes, recent efforts and enabling strategies for mitigating the core challenges of Ni-rich NMC cathode materials are presented and assessed. In the end, the review shed light on the perspectives for the future research directions of Ni-rich cathode materials.
Collapse
|
9
|
Dong H, Koenig GM. A review on synthesis and engineering of crystal precursors produced via coprecipitation for multicomponent lithium-ion battery cathode materials. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00679f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interest in developing high performance lithium-ion rechargeable batteries has motivated research in precise control over the composition, phase, and morphology during materials synthesis of battery active material particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
| | - Gary M. Koenig
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dong H, Gardner E, Barron AF, Koenig GM. Apparent activation energy of multicomponent transition metal oxalates to probe synthesis of battery precursor materials. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
11
|
Iqbal A, Li D. Systematic study of the effect of calcination temperature and Li/M molar ratio on high performance Ni-rich layered LiNi0.9Co0.1O2 cathode materials. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
12
|
Tang L, Li G, Xiao P, Chen X, Yang W. Comparison of electrochemical performance of LiNi1−xCoxO2 cathode materials synthesized from coated (1−x)Ni(OH)2@xCo(OH)2 and doped Ni1−xCox(OH)2 precursors. RSC Adv 2019; 9:9079-9085. [PMID: 35517666 PMCID: PMC9062005 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10116g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
LiNi1−xCoxO2 cathode materials were successfully synthesized from coated (1−x)Ni(OH)2@xCo(OH)2 and doped Ni1−xCox(OH)2 precursors, and the effects of the Co site and content in the precursor and final cathode material on the structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the cathodes were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and charge–discharge tests. The electrochemical performance of the materials prepared from the coated precursor was generally better than that of the materials prepared from the doped precursor. However, with increasing Co content, the performance difference gradually decreased. Among the as-prepared samples, the sample coated with 12 mol% Co delivered an excellent reversible capacity of 213.8 mA h g−1 at 0.1C and the highest capacity retention of 88.5% after 100 cycles at 0.2C in the voltage range of 2.75–4.3 V. High-performance LiNi1−xCoxO2 materials were successfully synthesized, and our findings clearly reveal the differences in the electrochemical properties of the materials prepared from the two different precursors with increasing Co content, thereby providing a valuable reference for the synthesis of high-performance Ni-rich layered cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. The effects of Co site and content on electrochemical performance of LiNi1−xCoxO2 cathodes materials were investigated.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Gang Li
- Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Peng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| |
Collapse
|