1
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Jakhar M, Barone V, Ding Y. Theoretical insights into single-atom catalysts for improved charging and discharging kinetics of Na-S and Na-Se batteries. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12982-12991. [PMID: 38896041 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01134a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Dissolution of poly-sulfide/selenides (p-S/Ses) intermediates into electrolytes, commonly known as the shuttle effect, has posed a significant challenge in the development of more efficient and reliable Na-S/Se batteries. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) play a crucial role in mitigating the shuttling of Na-pS/Ses and in promoting Na2S/Se redox processes at the cathode. In this work, single transition metal atoms Co, Fe, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, and Rh supported in nitrogen-deficient graphitic carbon nitride (rg-C3N4) are investigated to explore the charging and discharging kinetics of Na-S and Na-Se batteries using Density Functional Theory calculations. We find that SAs adsorbed on reduced g-C3N4 monolayers are substantially more effective in trapping higher-order Na2Xn than pristine g-C3N4 surfaces. Moreover, our ab initio molecular dynamics calculations indicate that the structure of X8 (X = S, Se) remains almost intact when adsorbed on Fe, Co, Ir, Ni, Pt, and Rh SACs, suggesting that there is no significant S or Se poisoning in these cases. Additionally, SACs reduce the free energies of the rate-determining step during discharge and present a lower decomposition barrier of Na2X during charging of Na-X electrode. The underlying mechanisms behind this fast kinetics are thoroughly examined using charge transfer, bonding strength, and d-band center analysis. Our work demonstrates an effective strategy for designing single-atom catalysts and offers solutions to the performance constraints caused by the shuttle effect in sodium-sulfur and sodium-selenium batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Jakhar
- Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Science of Advanced Materials Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Veronica Barone
- Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA.
- Science of Advanced Materials Program, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
| | - Yi Ding
- U.S. Army DEVCOM-GVSC, Warren, MI 48397, USA
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2
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Li J, Qian C, Hu Y, Huang J, Chen G, Cao L, Wang F, Kajiyoshi K, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Li Z, Yang H, Xu Z. Tetrahedral Bonding Structure (Ni 3 -Se) Induced by Lattice-Distortion of Ni to Achieve High Catalytic Activity in Na-Se Battery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302100. [PMID: 37330647 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of transition-metal catalytic materials is regarded as a promising strategy for developing high-performance sodium-selenium (Na-Se) batteries. However, more systematic explorations are further demanded to find out how their bonding interactions and electronic structures can affect the Na storage process. This study finds that lattice-distorted nickel (Ni) structure can form different bonding structures with Na2 Se4 , providing high activity to catalyze the electrochemical reactions in Na-Se batteries. Using this Ni structure to prepare electrode (Se@NiSe2 /Ni/CTs) can realize rapid charge transfer and high cycle stability of the battery. The electrode exhibits high storage performance of Na+ ; i.e., 345 mAh g⁻1 at 1 C after 400 cycles, and 286.4 mAh g⁻1 at 10 C in rate performance test. Further results reveal the existence of a regulated electronic structure with upshifts of the d-band center in the distorted Ni structure. This regulation changes the interaction between Ni and Na2 Se4 to form a Ni3 -Se tetrahedral bonding structure. This bonding structure can provide higher adsorption energy of Ni to Na2 Se4 to facilitate the redox reaction of Na2 Se4 during the electrochemical process. This study can inspire the design of bonding structure with high performance in conversion-reaction-based batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qian
- School of Material Science and Engineering, International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Guanjun Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Liyun Cao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Fangmin Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Koji Kajiyoshi
- Kochi University, Research Laboratory of Hydrothermal Chemistry, Kochi, 780-8520, Japan
| | - Yong Zhao
- Guangdong Mona Lisa Group Co. Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong, 528211, P. R. China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Guangdong Mona Lisa Group Co. Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong, 528211, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Xi'an Sefu Energy Technology Co., LTD, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Zhanwei Xu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, International S&T Cooperation Foundation of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
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Huang XL, Zhang X, Zhou L, Guo Z, Liu HK, Dou SX, Wang Z. Orthorhombic Nb 2 O 5 Decorated Carbon Nanoreactors Enable Bidirectionally Regulated Redox Behaviors in Room-Temperature Na-S Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206558. [PMID: 36470655 PMCID: PMC9896060 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Regulating redox kinetics is able to spur the great-leap-forward development of room-temperature sodium-sulfur (RT Na-S) batteries, especially on propelling their Na-ion storage capability. Here, an innovative metal oxide kinetics accelerator, orthorhombic Nb2 O5 Na-ion conductor, is proposed to functionalize porous carbon nanoreactors (CNR) for S cathodes. The Nb2 O5 is shown to chemically immobilize sodium polysulfides via strong affinity. Theoretical and experimental evidence reveals that the Nb2 O5 can bidirectionally regulate redox behaviors of S cathodes, which accelerates reduction conversions from polysulfides to sulfides as well as promotes oxidation reactions from sulfides to S. In situ and ex situ characterization techniques further verify its electrochemical lasting endurance in catalyzing S conversions. The well-designed S cathode demonstrates a high specific capacity of 1377 mA h g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 , outstanding rate capability of 405 mA h g-1 at 2 A g-1 , and stable cyclability with a capacity retention of 617 mA h g-1 over 600 cycles at 0.5 A g-1 . An ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.0193% per cycle is successfully realized, superior to those of current state-of-the-art RT Na-S batteries. This design also suits emerging Na-Se batteries, which contribute to outstanding electrochemical performance as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Long Huang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China
| | - Liujiang Zhou
- School of PhysicsUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China
| | - Zaiping Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced MaterialsThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia5005Australia
| | - Hua Kun Liu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic MaterialsUniversity of WollongongNew South Wales2500Australia
- Institute of Energy Materials ScienceUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China
| | - Shi Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic MaterialsUniversity of WollongongNew South Wales2500Australia
- Institute of Energy Materials ScienceUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu611731China
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Huang XL, Zhang X, Yi M, Wang Y, Zhang S, Chong S, Liu HK, Dou SX, Wang Z. Trimodal hierarchical porous carbon nanorods enable high-performance Na-Se batteries. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11585-11593. [PMID: 36320390 PMCID: PMC9555568 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04648b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Technical bottlenecks of polyselenide shuttling and material volume variation significantly hamper the development of emerging sodium-selenium (Na-Se) batteries. The nanopore structure of substrate materials is demonstrated to play a vital role in stabilizing Se cathodes and approaching superior Na-ion storage properties. Herein, an ideal nanorod-like trimodal hierarchical porous carbon (THPC) host is fabricated through a facile one-step carbonization method for advanced Na-Se batteries. The THPC possesses a trimodal nanopore structure encompassing micropores, mesopores, and macropores, and functions as a good accommodator of Se molecules, a reservoir of polyselenide intermediates, a buffer for volume expansion of Se species during sodiation, and a promoter for electron/ion transfer in the electrochemical process. As a result, Na-Se batteries assembled with the Se-THPC composite cathode realize high utilization of Se, fast redox kinetics, and excellent cyclability. Furthermore, the Na-ion storage mechanism of the well-designed Se-THPC composite is profoundly revealed by in situ visual characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Long Huang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 610054 China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 610054 China
| | - Mingjie Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Ye Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 610054 China
| | - Shaohui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronic Engineering, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Shaokun Chong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Hua Kun Liu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong North Wollongong 2500 Australia
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 516 Jungong Road Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Shi Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong North Wollongong 2500 Australia
- Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 516 Jungong Road Shanghai 200093 China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 610054 China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 P. R. China
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5
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Zeng L, Zhu J, Wang J, Huang L, Liu X, Lu W, Yu X. A lignin-derived flexible porous carbon material for highly efficient polyselenide and sodium regulation. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11162-11170. [PMID: 35876457 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01727j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost and sustainable sodium-selenium (Na-Se) batteries are promising energy storage media for the advancement of electromobility and large-scale energy storage. However, the sluggish kinetics of Se cathodes and the unpredictable metal electrodeposition of Na at the anode remain critical challenges. In this work, we reveal the catalytic effect of atomic Fe on the conversion of polyselenides (SPSs) to Na2Se by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Then, we prepare a lignin-derived flexible porous carbon matrix loaded with atomic Fe (Fe-BC/rGO, BC: lignin-derived porous carbon material; rGO: reduced graphene oxide) as a Se host to further verify the DFT calculation results. Due to the encapsulation of Se into the porous carbon matrix, the catalytic effect of atomic Fe on the conversion of SPSs to Na2Se and the continuous electron/ion transportation path, the prepared Se@Fe-BC/rGO cathode can deliver a high reversible capacity of 213 mA h g-1 at 2 A g-1, which is much better than the electrochemical performance of a Se cathode without atomic Fe loading (Se@BC/rGO). In addition, we further reveal the advantageous effect of the presence of the Fe-BC/rGO film in regulating the interfacial Na electrodeposition at the anode. Due to the porous structure and the catalytic effect of atomic Fe, a very low nucleation overpotential of 15.3 mV is achieved at a current density of 1 mA cm-2, which is much lower than that of the BC/rGO film. Therefore, this work provides a low-cost and sustainable strategy for simultaneously solving the challenges of the Se cathode and the Na metal anode for future Na-Se batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchao Zeng
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Licong Huang
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaowu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Sensor and Detecting Technology of Anhui Province, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, Anhui 237012, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
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6
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Huang XL, Zhou C, He W, Sun S, Chueh YL, Wang ZM, Liu HK, Dou SX. An Emerging Energy Storage System: Advanced Na-Se Batteries. ACS NANO 2021; 15:5876-5903. [PMID: 33788558 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-selenium (Na-Se) batteries have aroused enormous attention due to the large abundance of the element sodium as well as the high electronic conductivity and volumetric capacity of selenium. In this battery system, some primary advances in electrode materials have been achieved, mainly involving the design of Se-based cathode materials. In this Review, the electrochemical mechanism is discussed, thus revealing the main challenges in Na-Se batteries. Then, the advances in the design of Se-based cathode materials for Na-ion storage are systemically summarized, classified, and discussed, including Se/carbon composite, Se/polar material/carbon composites, and hybrid SexSy alloys. Some potential strategies enabling the improvement of crucial challenges and enhancement of electrochemical performance are also proposed to provide guidelines for the enhancements of Na-ion storage. An outlook for future valuable research directions is proposed to understand more deeply the electrochemical mechanism of Na-Se batteries and promote their further developments in full cell performance and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Long Huang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Chaofu Zhou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Weidong He
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Yu-Lun Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China
| | - Hua Kun Liu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong 2500, Australia
| | - Shi Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong 2500, Australia
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Huang X, Sun J, Wang L, Tong X, Dou SX, Wang ZM. Advanced High-Performance Potassium-Chalcogen (S, Se, Te) Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004369. [PMID: 33448135 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current great progress on potassium-chalcogen (S, Se, Te) batteries within much potential to become promising energy storage systems opens a new avenue for the rapid development of potassium batteries as a complementary option to lithium ion batteries. The discussion mainly concentrates on recent research advances of potassium-chalcogen (S, Se, Te) batteries and their corresponding cathode materials in this review. Initially, the development of cathode materials for four types of batteries is introduced, including: potassium-sulfur (K-S), potassium-selenium (K-Se), potassium-selenium sulfide (K-Sex Sy ), and potassium-tellurium (K-Te) batteries. Next, critical challenges for chalcogen-based electrodes in devices operation are summarized. In addition, some pragmatic strategies are proposed as well to relieve the low electronic conductivity, large volumetric expansion, shuttle effect, and potassium dendrite growth. At last, the perspectives on designing advanced cathode materials for potassium-chalcogen batteries are provided with the goal of developing high-performance potassium storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Huang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Xin Tong
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Shi Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, 2500, Australia
| | - Zhiming M Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
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8
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Dong WD, Yu WB, Xia FJ, Chen LD, Zhang YJ, Tan HG, Wu L, Hu ZY, Mohamed HSH, Liu J, Deng Z, Li Y, Chen LH, Su BL. Melamine-based polymer networks enabled N, O, S Co-doped defect-rich hierarchically porous carbon nanobelts for stable and long-cycle Li-ion and Li-Se batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 582:60-69. [PMID: 32814224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Li-Se battery is a promising energy storage candidate owing to its high theoretical volumetric capacity and safe operating condition. In this work, for the first time, we report using the whole organic Melamine-based porous polymer networks (MPNs) as a precursor to synthesize a N, O, S co-doped hierarchically porous carbon nanobelts (HPCNBs) for both Li-ion and Li-Se battery. The N, O, S co-doping resulting in the defect-rich HPCNBs provides fast transport channels for electrolyte, electrons and ions, but also effectively relieve volume change. When used for Li-ion battery, it exhibits an advanced lithium storage performance with a capacity of 345 mAh g-1 at 500 mA g-1 after 150 cycles and a superior rate capacity of 281 mAh g-1 even at 2000 mA g-1. Further density function theory calculations reveal that the carbon atoms adjacent to the doping sites are electron-rich and more effective to anchor active species in Li-Se battery. With the hierarchically porous channels and the strong dual physical-chemical confinement for Li2Se, the Se@ HPCNBs composite delivers an ultra-stable cycle performance even at 2 C after 1000 cycles. Our work here suggests that introduce of heteroatoms and defects in graphite-like anodes is an effective way to improve the electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Da Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Bei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China; Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Fan-Jie Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China; Nanostructure Research Centre (NRC), Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang-Dan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yun-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hai-Ge Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China; Nanostructure Research Centre (NRC), Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hemdan S H Mohamed
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, El Gomhoria Street, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China; Nanostructure Research Centre (NRC), Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Li-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bao-Lian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China; Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing (RIPP), 18 Xueyuan Road, 100083 Beijing, China; Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry (CMI), University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
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9
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Lin B, Huang Y, Chen S, Xing Z. Research Progress of Key Materials for Sodium-selenium Batteries. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a20120576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Xu R, Yao Y, Wang H, Yuan Y, Wang J, Yang H, Jiang Y, Shi P, Wu X, Peng Z, Wu ZS, Lu J, Yu Y. Unraveling the Nature of Excellent Potassium Storage in Small-Molecule Se@Peapod-Like N-Doped Carbon Nanofibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003879. [PMID: 33206429 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The potassium-selenium (K-Se) battery is considered as an alternative solution for stationary energy storage because of abundant resource of K. However, the detailed mechanism of the energy storage process is yet to be unraveled. Herein, the findings in probing the working mechanism of the K-ion storage in Se cathode are reported using both experimental and computational approaches. A flexible K-Se battery is prepared by employing the small-molecule Se embedded in freestanding N -doped porous carbon nanofibers thin film (Se@NPCFs) as cathode. The reaction mechanisms are elucidated by identifying the existence of short-chain molecular Se encapsulated inside the microporous host, which transforms to K2 Se by a two-step conversion reaction via an "all-solid-state" electrochemical process in the carbonate electrolyte system. Through the whole reaction, the generation of polyselenides (K2 Sen , 3 ≤ n ≤ 8) is effectively suppressed by electrochemical reaction dominated by Se2 molecules, thus significantly enhancing the utilization of Se and effecting the voltage platform of the K-Se battery. This work offers a practical pathway to optimize the K-Se battery performance through structure engineering and manipulation of selenium chemistry for the formation of selective species and reveal its internal reaction mechanism in the carbonate electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yifei Yuan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 205-167A, 9700 South, Cass Ave., Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
| | - Hai Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Pengcheng Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zhangquan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
| | - Zhong-Shuai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 205-167A, 9700 South, Cass Ave., Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yan Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, Liaoning, China
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11
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Hu X, Li J, Zhong G, Liu Y, Yuan J, Lei S, Zhan H, Wen Z. Hierarchical Multicavity Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanospheres as Efficient Polyselenide Reservoir for Fast and Long-Life Sodium-Selenium Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2005534. [PMID: 33150721 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-selenium (Na-Se) battery has been emerging as one of the most prospective energy storage systems owing to their high volumetric energy density and cost effectiveness. Nevertheless, the shuttle effect of sodium polyselenide (NaPSe) and sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics present the main bottlenecks for its practical implementation. Herein, a new Se host of 3D nitrogen-doped hierarchical multicavity carbon nanospheres (3D NHMCs) is designed and synthesized via a facile self-sacrifice templating strategy. The 3D NHMCs are verified to hold a favorable structure of a hollow macropore core and numerous micro/mesopores hollow shell for hosting Se, which can not only maximize Se utilization and alleviate the volumetric expansion but also promote the electrical/ionic conductivity and electrolyte infiltration. Moreover, the abundant self-functionalized surfaces as an efficient NaPSe scavenger via robust physical-chemical dual blocking effects demonstrate high-efficiency in situ anchoring-diffusion-conversion of NaPSe, rendering rapid reaction kinetics and remarkable suppressive shuttle effect, as evidenced by systematic experimental analysis and density functional theory calculations. As a result, the high-Se-loading 3D NHMCs/Se cathode exhibits an ultrahigh volumetric capacity (863 mAh cm-3 ) and rate capability (377 mAh g-1 at 20 C) and unexceptionable stability over 2000 cycles at 2 C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Junwei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Guobao Zhong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Yangjie Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Shun Lei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Hongbing Zhan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Zhenhai Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
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12
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Cai R, Chen X, Liu P, Chen T, Liu W, Fan X, Ouyang B, Liu K. A Novel Cathode Based on Selenium Confined in Biomass Carbon and Graphene Oxide for Potassium‐Selenium Battery. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruizheng Cai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 PR China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 PR China
| | - Penggao Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 PR China
| | - Weifang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 PR China
| | - Xiaowen Fan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 PR China
| | - Baixue Ouyang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 PR China
| | - Kaiyu Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 PR China
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13
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Kim JK, Kang YC. Encapsulation of Se into Hierarchically Porous Carbon Microspheres with Optimized Pore Structure for Advanced Na-Se and K-Se Batteries. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13203-13216. [PMID: 32991145 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-selenium (Na-Se) and potassium-selenium (K-Se) batteries have emerged as promising energy storage systems with high energy density and low cost. However, major issues such as huge Se volume changes, polyselenide shuttling, and low Se loading need to be overcome. Although many strategies have been developed to resolve these issues, the relationship between the carbon host pore structure and electrochemical performance of Se has not been studied extensively. Here, the effect of the carbon host pore structure on the electrochemical performance of Na-Se and K-Se batteries is investigated. N, S-co-doped hierarchically porous carbon microspheres with different pore structures that can incorporate a large amount of amorphous Se (∼60 wt %) are synthesized by spray pyrolysis and subsequent chemical activation at different temperatures. By optimizing the amount of micropore volume and micropore-to-mesopore ratio, high reversible capacity and cycling stability are achieved for the Se cathode. The optimized cathode delivers a reversible capacity of 445 mA h g-1 after 400 cycles at 0.5C for Na-Se batteries and 436 mA h g-1 after 120 cycles at 0.2C for K-Se batteries. This study marks the importance of developing conductive carbon matrices with delicately designed pore structures for advanced alkali metal-chalcogen battery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Koo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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14
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Biomass-derived, 3D interconnected N-doped carbon foam as a host matrix for Li/Na/K-selenium batteries. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Chen Z, Yang Q, Mo F, Li N, Liang G, Li X, Huang Z, Wang D, Huang W, Fan J, Zhi C. Aqueous Zinc-Tellurium Batteries with Ultraflat Discharge Plateau and High Volumetric Capacity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001469. [PMID: 32924220 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditional aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) based on ion-intercalation or surface redox behaviors at the cathode side suffer severely from an unsatisfactory specific capacity and unstable output potential. Herein, these issues are applied to a conversion-type zinc-tellurium (Zn-Te) battery. Typically, this battery works based on a two-step solid-to-solid conversion with the successive formation of zinc ditelluride (ZnTe2 ) and zinc telluride (ZnTe). It delivers an ultrahigh volumetric capacity of 2619 mAh cm-3 (419 mAh g-1 ), 74.1% of which is from the first conversion (Te to ZnTe2 ) with an ultraflat discharge plateau. Though reported first in a challenging aqueous environment, this Zn-Te battery demonstrates an excellent capacity retention of >82.8% after 500 cycles, which results from the elimination of the notorious "shuttle effect" due to the solid-to-solid conversion behaviors. In addition, a quasi-solid-state Zn-Te battery is also fabricated, exhibiting superior flexibility, robustness, and good electrochemical performance. This work develops a novel cathode material based on conversion-type ion-storage mechanism. The system is attractive due to its ultrastable energy output, which is rarely reported for ZIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Funian Mo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Guojing Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xinliang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhaodong Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Donghong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Weichun Huang
- Nantong Key Lab of Intelligent and New Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chunyi Zhi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Center for Advanced Nuclear Safety and Sustainable Development, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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16
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Wang YX, Lai WH, Chou SL, Liu HK, Dou SX. Remedies for Polysulfide Dissolution in Room-Temperature Sodium-Sulfur Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903952. [PMID: 31566255 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable room-temperature sodium-sulfur (RT-NaS) batteries represent one of the most attractive technologies for future stationary energy storage due to their high energy density and low cost. The S cathodes can react with Na ions via two-electron conversion reactions, thus achieving ultrahigh theoretical capacity (1672 mAh g-1 ) and specific energy (1273 Wh kg-1 ). Unfortunately, the sluggish reaction kinetics of the nonconductive S, severe polysulfide dissolution, and the use of metallic Na are causing enormous challenges for the development of RT-NaS batteries. Fatal polysulfide dissolution is highlighted, important studies toward polysulfide immobilization and conversion are presented, and the reported remedies in terms of intact physical confinement, strong chemical interaction, blocking layers, and optimization of electrolytes are summarized. Future research directions toward practical RT-NaS batteries are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xiao Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Wei-Hong Lai
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Shu-Lei Chou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Hua-Kun Liu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Shi-Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
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17
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Hou G, Yun Y, Wang M, Wang Y, Chen H, Zhang L, Wang F, Xia Q, Liu Y, Lu Z, Bao SJ. A coaxial nanocable textured by a cerium oxide shell and carbon core for sensing nitric oxide. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:789. [PMID: 31732798 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3839-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A corn-like CeO2/C coaxial cable textured by a cerium oxide shell and a carbon core was designed to sense NO. The carbon core possesses high electrical conductivity, and the CeO2 surface delivers excellent electrocatalytic activity. The sensor, typically operated at 0.8 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), exhibits a detection limit of 1.7 nM, which is 4-times lower than that of CeO2 nanotubes based one (at S/N = 3). It also displays wide linear response (up to 83 μM), a sensitivity of 0.81 μA μM-1 cm-2, and fast response (2 s). These values are highly competitive to that of a CeO2 tube (0.92 μA μM-1 cm-2 and 2 s). The sensor was used to quantify NO that is released by Aspergillus flavus. Graphical abstractSchematic representation of corn-like CeO2/C which can more sensitively and effectively detect NO released from A. flavus than when using CeO2 nanotubes, benefitting from its unique coaxial cable structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Hou
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjing Yun
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Minqiang Wang
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Longcheng Zhang
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, No.1 Nongda South Road, Xibeiwang, Haidian District, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhisong Lu
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu-Juan Bao
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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