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Sun N, Singh S, Zhang H, Hermes I, Zhou Z, Schlicke H, Vaynzof Y, Lissel F, Fery A. Gold Nanoparticles with N-Heterocyclic Carbene/Triphenylamine Surface Ligands: Stable and Electrochromically Active Hybrid Materials for Optoelectronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400752. [PMID: 38774949 PMCID: PMC11304275 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Organic-hybrid particle-based materials are increasingly important in (opto)electronics, sensing, and catalysis due to their printability and stretchability as well as their potential for unique synergistic functional effects. However, these functional properties are often limited due to poor electronic coupling between the organic shell and the nanoparticle. N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) belong to the most promising anchors to achieve electronic delocalization across the interface, as they form robust and highly conductive bonds with metals and offer a plethora of functionalization possibilities. Despite the outstanding potential of the conductive NHC-metal bond, synthetic challenges have so far limited its application to the improvement of colloidal stabilities, disregarding the potential of the conductive anchor. Here, NHC anchors are used to modify redox-active gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with conjugated triphenylamines (TPA). The resulting AuNPs exhibit excellent thermal and redox stability benefiting from the robust NHC-gold bond. As electrochromic materials, the hybrid materials show pronounced color changes from red to dark green, a highly stable cycling stability (1000 cycles), and a fast response speed (5.6 s/2.1 s). Furthermore, TPA-NHC@AuNP exhibits an ionization potential of 5.3 eV and a distinct out-of-plane conductivity, making them a promising candidate for application as hole transport layers in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningwei Sun
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.Hohe Straße 601069DresdenGermany
| | - Shivam Singh
- Chair for Emerging Electronic TechnologiesTechnical University of DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research DresdenHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.Hohe Straße 601069DresdenGermany
| | - Ilka Hermes
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.Hohe Straße 601069DresdenGermany
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.Hohe Straße 601069DresdenGermany
| | - Hendrik Schlicke
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.Hohe Straße 601069DresdenGermany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair for Emerging Electronic TechnologiesTechnical University of DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research DresdenHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Franziska Lissel
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.Hohe Straße 601069DresdenGermany
- Hamburg University of TechnologyKasernenstraße 1221073HamburgGermany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz‐Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V.Hohe Straße 601069DresdenGermany
- Chair for Physical Chemistry of Polymeric MaterialsTechnische Universität DresdenBergstraße 6601069DresdenGermany
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Chin KLO, Ong PJ, Zhu Q, Xu J, Chua MH. Electrofluorochromic Switching of Heat-Induced Cross-Linkable Multi-Styryl-Terminated Triphenylamine and Tetraphenylethylene Derivatives. Molecules 2024; 29:2340. [PMID: 38792201 PMCID: PMC11123742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
High-performance electrochromic (EC) and electrofluorochromic (EFC) materials have garnered considerable interest due to their diverse applications in smart windows, optoelectronics, optical displays, military camouflage, etc. While many different EC and EFC polymers have been reported, their preparation often requires multiple steps, and their polymer molecular weights are subjected to batch variation. In this work, we prepared two triphenylamine (TPA)-based and two tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based derivatives functionalized with terminal styryl groups via direct Suzuki coupling with (4-vinylphenyl)boronic acid and vinylboronic acid pinacol ester. The two novel TPE derivatives exhibited green-yellow aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The EC and EFC properties of pre- and post-thermally treated derivatives spin-coated onto ITO-glass substrates were studied. While all four derivatives showed modest absorption changes with applied voltages up to +2.4 V, retaining a high degree of optical transparency, they exhibited obvious EFC properties with the quenching of blue to yellow fluorescence with IOFF/ON contrast ratios of up to 7.0. The findings therefore demonstrate an elegant approach to preparing optically transparent, heat-induced, cross-linkable styryl-functionalized EFC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Le Osmund Chin
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore; (K.L.O.C.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Pin Jin Ong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore;
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore; (K.L.O.C.); (Q.Z.)
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore;
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore; (K.L.O.C.); (Q.Z.)
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ming Hui Chua
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore; (K.L.O.C.); (Q.Z.)
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Chua MH, Chin KLO, Ang SJ, Soo XYD, Png ZM, Zhu Q, Xu J. Aggregation Induced Emission‐active Poly(acrylates) for Electrofluorochromic Detection of Nitroaromatic Compounds. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hui Chua
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment Sustainable Polymers 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833 Singapore SINGAPORE
| | - Kang Le Osmund Chin
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment Sustainable Polymers 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833 SINGAPORE
| | - Shi Jun Ang
- Institute of High Performance Computing Materials Science and Chemistry 1 Fusionopolis Way, Connexis, #16-16 138632 SINGAPORE
| | - Xiang Yun Debbie Soo
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Advanced Characterization & Instrumentation 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 138634 SINGAPORE
| | - Zhuang Mao Png
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment Sustainable Polymers 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833 SINGAPORE
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Advanced Characterization & Instrumentation 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03 138634 SINGAPORE
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment Sustainable Polymers 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833 SINGAPORE
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Integrated electrochromic and electrofluorochromic properties from polyaniline-like polymers with triphenylacrylonitrile as side groups. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sun N, Su K, Zhou Z, Wang D, Fery A, Lissel F, Zhao X, Chen C. “Colorless-to-Black” Electrochromic and AIE-Active Polyamides: An Effective Strategy for the Highest-Contrast Electrofluorochromism. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Kaixin Su
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Daming Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Franziska Lissel
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Xiaogang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
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Su K, Sun N, Yan Z, Jin S, Li X, Wang D, Zhou H, Yao J, Chen C. Dual-Switching Electrochromism and Electrofluorochromism Derived from Diphenylamine-Based Polyamides with Spirobifluorene/Pyrene as Bridged Fluorescence Units. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:22099-22107. [PMID: 32366091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrochromic (EC)/electrofluorochromic (EFC) bifunctional materials are receiving great attention because of their promising applications in optoelectronic devices. However, the development of ideal EC/EFC bifunctional materials is still a great challenge because of the poor integration of EC/EFC performances (optical contrast, response speed, and switching stability). Herein, we reported two novel diphenylamine-based mixed valence (MV) polyamides (S-HPA and P-HPA) with spirobifluorene (2,7-positions) and pyrene (1,6-positions) as bridged fluorescence units, respectively, showing impressive cyclability and fluorescence contrast with rapid switching. Through the formation of an effective electronic coupling between the two nitrogen centers using spirobifluorene/pyrene bridges, we demonstrated that different bridges have significant effects on the thermal and electrooptical characteristics of polyamides. In addition to lower fluorescence quantum yield and glass transition temperature, the S-HPA exhibited superior cyclability (contrast change <3.4%/14% over 500/300 cycles for EC/EFC switching), higher color/fluorescence contrast (64%/304%), and faster switching time (<2.6 s), mainly owing to the shorter conjugated length and more twisted configuration of the spirobifluorene bridge. The design principle of MV polymers with fluorophore bridges proposed here will be a promising way to realize high-performance EC/EFC devices and will also provide new insights into their future development and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Su
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Ningwei Sun
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V, Hohe Strasse 6, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Zhihua Yan
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Sizhuo Jin
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Daming Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Jianan Yao
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201600, China
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Fu Z, Qu Z, Yu T, Bi L. Study on electrochromic-fluorescence switching performance of film based on silicomolybdotungstate and silica nanoparticles doped with negative charged dye. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Sun N, Su K, Zhou Z, Tian X, Jianhua Z, Chao D, Wang D, Lissel F, Zhao X, Chen C. High-Performance Emission/Color Dual-Switchable Polymer-Bearing Pendant Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) and Triphenylamine (TPA) Moieties. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ningwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kaixin Su
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xuzhou Tian
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Jianhua
- Institute of Building Science and Technology, School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Danming Chao
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Daming Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Franziska Lissel
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiaogang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Yen HJ, Liou GS. Design and preparation of triphenylamine-based polymeric materials towards emergent optoelectronic applications. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Ma Q, Zhang H, Chen J, Dong S, Fang Y. Reversible regulation of CdTe quantum dots fluorescence intensity based on Prussian blue with high anti-fatigue performance. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:644-647. [PMID: 30560263 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07693f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescence switching device with excellent anti-fatigue performance based on the electrochromic material Prussian blue and fluorophore CdTe quantum dots was realized. The fluorescence switching device ultimately demonstrated a high fluorescence contrast, short response time and superior anti-fatigue property. Notably, the fluorescence contrast remains unchanged after 133 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
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Electroluminochromic Materials: From Molecules to Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11010098. [PMID: 30960082 PMCID: PMC6402020 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroluminochromism is an interesting property found in certain classes of molecules and polymers whose photoluminescence can be modulated through the application of an external electrical bias. Unlike electrochromic materials, electroluminochromic counterparts and their applications are comparatively fewer in quantity and are less established. Nonetheless, there prevails an increasing interest in this class of electro-active materials due to their potential applications in optoelectronics, such as smart-displays, and chemical and biological sensing. This review seeks to showcase the different classes of electroluminochromic materials with focus on (i) organic molecules, (ii) transition metal complexes, and (iii) organic polymers. The mechanisms and electroluminochromic performance of these classes of materials are summarized. This review should allow scientists to have a better and deeper understanding of materials design strategies and, more importantly, structure-property relationships and, thus, develops electroluminochromic materials with desired performance in the future.
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