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Bhattacharyya S, Roy S, Vajtai R. Emerging Processes for Sustainable Li-Ion Battery Cathode Recycling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400557. [PMID: 38922789 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The colossal growth in the use of Li-ion batteries (LiBs) has raised serious concerns over the supply chain of strategic minerals, e.g., Co, Ni, and Li, that make up the cathode active materials (CAM). Recycling spent LiBs is an important step toward sustainability that can establish a circular economy by effectively tackling large amounts of e-waste while ensuring an unhindered supply of critical minerals. Among the various methods of LiB recycling available, pyro- and hydrometallurgy have been utilized in the industry owing to their ease of operation and high efficiency, although they are associated with significant environmental concerns. Direct recycling, a more recent concept that aims to relithiate spent LiBs without disrupting the lattice structure of the CAMs, has been realized only in the laboratory scale so far and further optimization is required before it can be extended to the bulk scale. Additionally, significant progress has been made in the areas of hydrometallurgy in terms of using ecofriendly green lixiviants and alternate sources of energy, e.g., microwave and electrochemical, that makes the recycling processes more efficient and sustainable. In this review, the latest developments in LiB recycling are discussed that have focused on environmental and economic viability, as well as process intensification. These include deep eutectic solvent based recycling, electrochemical and microwave-assisted recycling, and various types of direct recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Bhattacharyya
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Robert Vajtai
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
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2
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Cheng J, Zheng C, Xu K, Zhu Y, Song Y, Jing C. Sequential separation of critical metals from lithium-ion batteries based on deep eutectic solvent and electrodeposition. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133157. [PMID: 38064943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The rise and development of electric vehicles have brought much attention to the recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the recovery of critical metals from LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 (NCM) is a challenge, especially for the nickel and cobalt, which have similar chemical properties. Here, a novel ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride, ethylene glycol, and tartaric acid was proposed. Our protocol of DES synthesis, nickel separation, and leaching of cobalt and manganese were integrated into one step, which significantly simplified the recovery process. The crystallization occurring during DES leaching was subjected to detailed investigation. The lithium, nickel, and cobalt were sequentially separated as Li2CO3, NiO, and Co(OH)2 by anterior formic acid leaching and posterior electrodeposition. After electrodeposition, DES was reused. This work provides new ideas for the sequential separation of critical metals from NCM and has great application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Cheng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Kun Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Youcai Zhu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yue Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Chuanyong Jing
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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He X, Wen Y, Wang X, Cui Y, Li L, Ma H. Leaching NCM cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries with phosphate acid-based deep eutectic solvent. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 157:8-16. [PMID: 36512926 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) play an important role in efficient recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this study, we proposed an efficient and safe method by using a choline chloride-phenylphosphinic acid DES as a lixiviant for the leaching of LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM) cathode active materials of spent LIBs. The leaching conditions were optimized based on the leaching time, liquid-solid ratio, and leaching temperature. Under optimal experimental conditions, the leaching efficiencies of Li, Co, Ni, and Mn reached 97.7 %, 97.0 %, 96.4 %, and 93.0 %, respectively. The kinetics of the leaching process were well-fitted using the logarithmic law equation. The apparent activation energies for Li, Co, Ni, and Mn have been reported to be 60.3 kJ/mol, 78.9 kJ/mol, 99.3 kJ/mol, and 82.1 kJ/mol, respectively. UV-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed that the coordination configurations of Ni and Co in the leaching solution were octahedral and tetrahedral, respectively. In addition, the PO bond in phenylphosphinic acid was involved in coordination during leaching. This finding may provide an effective and safe approach for leaching valuable metals from spent LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihong He
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yunpeng Wen
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xinyao Wang
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yaru Cui
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Linbo Li
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Hongzhou Ma
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Jiang F, Zhu T, Wu H, Li S. Temperature dependence of deposition behavior and corrosion resistance of zinc coatings electroplated on copper substrates from ethaline electrolyte. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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Zhu A, Bian X, Han W, Wen Y, Ye K, Wang G, Yan J, Cao D, Zhu K, Wang S. Microwave-ultra-fast recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries by deep eutectic solvents. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 156:139-147. [PMID: 36462344 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale use of electric vehicles produced massive discarded lithium-ion batteries, containing many recyclable valuable metals and toxic and harmful substances. Biodegradable and recyclable deep eutectic solvent (DES) is considered a green recycling technology for spent LIBs. Herein, we proposed a microwave-enhanced approach to shorten the leaching time in the urea/lactic acid: choline chloride: ethylene glycol DES system. The dipole moments induced by urea or lactic acid on LiCoO2 surface increased over two orders of magnitude under the high electric field. Because of this, over 90 % of Li and Co can be fast leached at 4 min and 160 W in the urea/lactic acid: choline chloride: ethylene glycol DES system. Meanwhile, we established two models to explain the leaching mechanism of metal ions from their leaching kinetics and micro-level behavior, and named them dot-etching and layer-peeling processes, respectively. By further analyzing, we found that the dot-etching can be attributed to the synergistic effect of reduction and coordination, which caused the surface of leaching residues porous. The layer-peeling process depends on neutralization, and the leaching residues had a smooth surface in this process. This work highlights the effect of microwave-enhanced strategy and DES surface chemistry on spent electrode materials recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahui Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou 510655, China; Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xinyu Bian
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Weijiang Han
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yong Wen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ke Ye
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Guiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dianxue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Shubin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Guangzhou 510655, China; Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China.
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Wang Z, Li Z, Bu J, Ru J, Hua Y, Wang D. One-step direct desulfurization of cuprous sulfide for copper recovery via electrolysis in deep eutectic solvent. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Wang Z, Zhang Z, Yuan T, Shimizu K, Wang D, Luo D, Wang D, Ru J. Direct electroseparation of zinc from zinc sulfide in eco-friendly deep eutectic solvent: Highlighting the role of malonic acid. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Li B, Li Q, Wang Q, Yan X, Shi M, Wu C. Deep eutectic solvent for spent lithium-ion battery recycling: comparison with inorganic acid leaching. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19029-19051. [PMID: 35938373 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05968h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as novel green solvents are potential options to replace inorganic acids for hydrometallurgy. Compared with inorganic acids, the physicochemical properties of DESs and their applications in recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries were summarized. The viscosity, metal solubility, toxicological properties and biodegradation of DESs depend on the hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and acceptor (HBA). The viscosity of ChCl-based DESs increased according to the HBD in the following order: alcohols < carboxylic acids < sugars < inorganic salts. The strongly coordinating HBDs increased the solubility of metal oxide via surface complexation reactions followed by ligand exchange for chloride in the bulk solvent. Interestingly, the safety and degradability of DESs reported in the literature are superior to those of inorganic acids. Both DESs and inorganic acids have excellent metal leaching efficiencies (>99%). However, the reaction kinetics of DESs are 2-3 orders of magnitude slower than those of inorganic acids. A significant advantage of DESs is that they can be regenerated and recycled multiple times after recovering metals by electrochemical deposition or precipitation. In the future, the development of efficient and selective DESs still requires a lot of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bensheng Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Qingzhu Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China. .,Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China.,Water Pollution Control Technology Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China. .,Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China.,Water Pollution Control Technology Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xuelei Yan
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Miao Shi
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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Wang Z, Cheng M, Bu J, Cheng L, Ru J, Hua Y, Wang D. Understanding the electrochemical behavior of Sn(II) in choline chloride-ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent for tin powders preparation. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Electrodeposition of Cobalt from Ethylene Carbonate-AlCl3-CoCl2 Electrolyte System. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-022-00748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Wahyudiono, Kosugi K, Hayashi R, Machmudah S, Ibarra RM, Kanda H, Goto M. Subcritical water electrolysis for cobalt recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries in an acidic environment. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Li L, Sheng S, Wang H, Qu T, Hou D, Wang D, Sheng M. Electrodeposition of
Ni‐P
alloy from deep eutectic solvent and its electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Shizhan Sheng
- School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Huihua Wang
- School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Tianpeng Qu
- School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Dong Hou
- School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Deyong Wang
- School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University Suzhou China
| | - Minqi Sheng
- School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University Suzhou China
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13
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Properties and Kinetics of Selective Zinc Leaching with Choline Chloride and Urea. MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11080857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A choline chloride-urea (ChCl-urea) deep eutectic solvent (DES) was used to experimentally investigate the secondary recovery of zinc from zinc-bearing dust sludge via a leaching process. The effects of varying the liquid–solid ratio, leaching temperature, stirring speed, and leaching time on the zinc leaching efficiency were determined, and the optimum values of these parameters were found to be 15:1, 90 °C, 400 rpm, and 600 min, respectively, at which a leaching efficiency of 86.87% was achieved. XRF and EDS analyses confirmed that the zinc content in the sludge decreased noticeably after leaching, while those of other elements did not, indicating the selective and efficient leaching of zinc. A study of the leaching kinetics showed that the reaction conforms to the nuclear shrinkage model without solid product layer formation, and the calculated apparent activation energy is 22.16 kJ/mol.
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Wang H, Li M, Garg S, Wu Y, Nazmi Idros M, Hocking R, Duan H, Gao S, Yago AJ, Zhuang L, Rufford TE. Cobalt Electrochemical Recovery from Lithium Cobalt Oxides in Deep Eutectic Choline Chloride+Urea Solvents. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2972-2983. [PMID: 34041864 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical recovery of the cobalt in deep eutectic solvent shows its promise in recycling and recovery of valuable elements from the spent lithium-ion battery due to its high selectivity and minimal environmental impacts. This work unveiled the roles of the substrates, applied potentials, and operating temperatures on the performance of cobalt electrochemical recovery in a deep eutectic choline chloride+urea solvent. The solvent contains cobalt and lithium ions extracted from lithium cobalt oxides - 3an essential lithium-ion battery cathode material. Our results highlight that the substrate predetermines the cobalt recovery modes via substrate-cobalt interactions, which could be predicted by the cobalt surface segregation energies and crystallographic misfits. We also show that a moderate cathode potential under -1.0 V vs. silver quasi-reference electrode at 94-104 °C is essential to ensure a selective cobalt recovery at an optimal rate. We also found that the stainless-steel mesh is an optimal substrate for cobalt recovery due to its relatively high selectivity, fast recovery rate, and easy cobalt collection. Our work provides new insights on metal recovery in deep eutectic solvents and offers a new avenue to control the metal electrodeposition modes via modulation of substrate compositions and crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mengran Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sahil Garg
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yuming Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mohamed Nazmi Idros
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rosalie Hocking
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Centre for Translational Atomaterials and ARC Training Centre for Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials, SEAM, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Haoran Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shuai Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anya Josefa Yago
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Linzhou Zhuang
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Thomas Edward Rufford
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
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Cao X, Wang S, Xue X. A Zn-Ce Redox Flow Battery with Ethaline Deep Eutectic Solvent. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1747-1755. [PMID: 33547738 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Compared with conventional aqueous and ionic liquid electrolytes, deep eutectic solvent (DES) are considered as electrolyte for redox flow batteries because they have a wider electrochemical window and relatively low price. In this study, CeIV /CeIII and ZnII /Zn redox couples are used as the positive and negative active materials, respectively, in an electrolyte consisting of choline chloride ethylene glycol (ethaline). The structure of CeIII in the positive electrolyte is inferred through spectrum detection. CeIV /CeIII and ZnII /Zn redox couples show a stable potential difference of 2.2 V (vs. Ag) through cyclic voltammetry. The charge and discharge performance of battery was tested at different current densities. In addition, battery performance was evaluated at different temperatures and concentrations of cerium in the electrolyte. Consequently, at a current density of 0.5 mA cm-2 at room temperature and using 1.0 m CeIII , the battery performance reaches the best coulombic efficiency of 84 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Cao
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Song Wang
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxin Xue
- School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China
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Maciej A, Łatanik N, Sowa M, Matuła I, Simka W. Electrodeposition of Copper and Brass Coatings with Olive-Like Structure. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1762. [PMID: 33918413 PMCID: PMC8038303 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One method of creating a brass coating is through electrodeposition, which is most often completed in cyanide galvanic baths. Due to their toxicity, many investigations focused on the development of more environmentally friendly alternatives. The purpose of the study was to explore a new generation of non-aqueous cyanide-free baths based on 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquids. The study involved the formation of copper, zinc, and brass coatings. The influence of the bath composition, cathodic current density, and temperature was determined. The obtained coatings were characterized in terms of their morphology, chemical composition, phase composition, roughness, and corrosion resistance. It was found that the structure of the obtained coatings is strongly dependent on the process parameters. The three main structure types observed were as follows: fine-grained, porous, and olive-like. To the best knowledge of the authors, it is the first time the olive-like structure was observed in the case of an electrodeposited coating. The Cu-Zn coatings consisted of 19-96 at. % copper and exhibited relatively good corrosion resistance. A significant improvement of corrosion properties was found in the case of copper and brass coatings with the olive-like structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Maciej
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego Str. 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (N.Ł.); (M.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Natalia Łatanik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego Str. 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (N.Ł.); (M.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Maciej Sowa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego Str. 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (N.Ł.); (M.S.); (W.S.)
| | - Izabela Matuła
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Simka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego Str. 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (N.Ł.); (M.S.); (W.S.)
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17
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Additive-free electrodeposition of cobalt on silicon from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Dao Vu Phuong T, Quynh LM, Viet NN, Thong LV, Son NT, Pham VH, Tam PD, Nguyen VH, Le Manh T. Effect of temperature on the mechanisms and kinetics of cobalt electronucleation and growth onto glassy carbon electrode using reline deep eutectic solvent. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Tong-tong Xiong, Chen BQ, Li M, Du C, Zhu Y, Zhang S, Zhao J. Effect of Thiourea on Electrodeposited Co–Mg–Nd Alloy Coating in Deep Eutectic Solvents. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193521010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Jiang Z, Zhang N, Wang Q, Wang P, Yu Y, Yuan J. A controlled, highly effective and sustainable approach to the surface performance improvement of wool fibers. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Ammonium chloride effects on bismuth electrodeposition in a choline chloride-urea deep eutectic solvent. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kang MJ, Yu HJ, Kim HS, Cha HG. Deep eutectic solvent stabilised Co–P films for electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01426e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The Co–P electrode synthesized in deep eutectic solution showed enhanced stability for electrocatalytic HMF oxidation into FDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Jong Kang
- Center for Bio-Based Chemistry
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Ulsan 44429
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yu
- Center for Bio-Based Chemistry
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Ulsan 44429
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Hyun Sung Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Pukyong National University
- Busan 48513
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gil Cha
- Center for Bio-Based Chemistry
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)
- Ulsan 44429
- Republic of Korea
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