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Vereshchagin AA, Volkov AI, Novoselova JV, Panjwani NA, Yankin AN, Sizov VV, Lukyanov DA, Behrends J, Levin OV. Harmonizing Energies: The Interplay Between a Nonplanar SalEn-Type Molecule and a TEMPO Moiety in a New Hybrid Energy-Storing Redox-Conducting Polymer. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400074. [PMID: 38593474 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Redox-conducting polymers based on SalEn-type complexes have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in electrochemical devices. However, their charge transfer mechanisms, physical and electrochemical properties remain unclear, hindering their rational design and optimization. This study aims to establish the influence of monomer geometry on the polymer's properties by investigating the properties of novel nonplanar SalEn-type complexes, poly[N,N'-bis(salicylidene)propylene-2-(hydroxy)diaminonickel(II)], and its analog with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-N-oxyl (TEMPO)-substituted bridge (MTS). To elucidate the charge transfer mechanism, operando UV-Vis spectroelectrochemical analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance are employed. Introducing TEMPO into the bridge moiety enhanced the specific capacity of the poly(MTS) material to 95 mA h g-1, attributed to TEMPO's and conductive backbone's charge storage capabilities. Replacement of the ethylenediimino-bridge with a 1,3-propylenediimino- bridge induced significant changes in the complex geometry and material's morphology, electrochemical, and spectral properties. At nearly the same potential, polaron and bipolaron particles emerged, suggesting intriguing features at the overlap point of the electroactivity potentials ranges of polaron-bipolaron and TEMPO, such as a disruption in the connection between TEMPO and the conjugation chain or intramolecular charge transfer. These results offer valuable insights for optimizing strategies to create organic materials with tailored properties for use in catalysis and battery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoliy A Vereshchagin
- Saint Petersburg State University 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Berlin Joint EPR Lab, Fachbereich Physik Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexey I Volkov
- Saint Petersburg State University 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Julia V Novoselova
- Saint Petersburg State University 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Naitik A Panjwani
- Berlin Joint EPR Lab, Fachbereich Physik Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrei N Yankin
- ITMO University Kronverksky Pr. 49, bldg. A, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Sizov
- Saint Petersburg State University 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Daniil A Lukyanov
- Saint Petersburg State University 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Jan Behrends
- Berlin Joint EPR Lab, Fachbereich Physik Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oleg V Levin
- Saint Petersburg State University 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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Meinhardt A, Lakner P, Huber P, Keller TF. Mapping the nanoscale elastic property modulations of polypyrrole thin films in liquid electrolyte with EC-AFM. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 6:102-110. [PMID: 38125599 PMCID: PMC10729878 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00611e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Linking structure to mechanical and elastic properties is a major concern for the development of novel electroactive materials. This work reports on the potential-induced changes in thickness and Young modulus of a substrate supported, perchlorate doped polypyrrole thin film (<100 nm) investigated with electrochemical atomic force microscopy (AFM) under in situ conditions. This was accomplished by nanomechanical mapping of potentiodynamically electropolymerized polypyrrole film in electrolyte solution with AFM during redox cycling. The polypyrrole film thickness and Young modulus follow the electrical potential nearly linearly, increasing due to solvent and ion influx as the film is oxidized, and decreasing during reduction. Our measurements also confirm the presence of a potential-independent, passive swelling which is accompanied by softening of the film, likely caused by osmotic effects. Additionally, the heterogeneous distribution of the Young modulus can be directly traced to the typical nodular surface topography of polypyrrole, with the top of the nodular area possessing lower modulus, thus highlighting the complex relationship between topography and elastic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Meinhardt
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg Germany
- Department of Physics, Hamburg University Hamburg Germany
| | - Pirmin Lakner
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg Germany
- Department of Physics, Hamburg University Hamburg Germany
| | - Patrick Huber
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg Germany
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute for Materials and X-Ray Physics Hamburg Germany
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures CHyN, Hamburg University Hamburg Germany
| | - Thomas F Keller
- Centre for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg Germany
- Department of Physics, Hamburg University Hamburg Germany
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Mierzejewska M, Łępicka K, Kalecki J, Lisowski W, Sharma PS. Ni(OH) 2-Type Nanoparticles Derived from Ni Salen Polymers: Structural Design toward Functional Materials for Improved Electrocatalytic Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33768-33786. [PMID: 35838159 PMCID: PMC9335556 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the potential-driven electrochemical transformation carried out in basic media of two Ni2+ salen polymers, (poly(NiSalen)s), abbreviated as poly(meso-NiSaldMe) and poly(NiSaltMe). These two polymers, with different configurations of methyl substituents on the imine bridge, were used as precursors for the preparation of electrocatalytically active nickel hydroxide [Ni(OH)2]-type nanoparticles (NPs) anchored in the polymeric matrix as poly[SalenNi(OH)2]. The use of potentiodynamic and potentiostatic electropolymerization conditions for the deposition of polymeric precursors allowed us to control the molecular architecture of poly(NiSalen)s and NPs derived from them. Thus, we obtained different arrangements of NPs embedded in morphologically different poly(Salen) matrixes, indicating their electrocatalytic activity toward ethanol to different extents. Moreover, we found a direct relationship between the electrochemical stability of the poly(NiSalen) precursors operating in the organic solvent-based electrolyte solutions and the easiness of their transformation into Ni(OH)2 NPs operating in the aqueous alkaline media. Poly(NiSalen)s and Ni(OH)2-type NPs were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mierzejewska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Łępicka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Kalecki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Lisowski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piyush Sindhu Sharma
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Tomczyk D, Seliger P, Bukowski W, Bester K. The Influence of Electrolyte Type on Kinetics of Redox Processes in the Polymer Films of Ni(II) Salen-Type Complexes. Molecules 2022; 27:1812. [PMID: 35335175 PMCID: PMC8954381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrodes modified with polymers derived from the complexes [Ni(salcn)], [Ni(salcn(Me))] and [Ni(salcn(Bu))] were obtained in order to study the kinetics of electrode processes occurring in polymer films, depending on the thickness of the films, the type of electrolyte and the solvent. FTIR and EQCM methods were used to determine the type of mass transported into polymer films during anode processes and the number of moles of ions and solvent. The rate of charge transport through films was determined by the cyclic voltammetry method, by the quantity cD1/2. It was shown that the charge transport was determined by the transport of anions. The kinetics were most efficient for poly[Ni(salcn(Bu))] modified electrodes, obtained from TBAPF6 and working in TBAClO4 and TBABF4. It was also shown that a solvent with a higher DN value and lower viscosity (MeCN) facilitated the transport of the charge through polymer films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Tomczyk
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Łódź, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Piotr Seliger
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Łódź, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Wiktor Bukowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców W-wy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (W.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Karol Bester
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców W-wy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (W.B.); (K.B.)
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Lukyanov DA, Vereshchagin AA, Beletskii EV, Atangulov AB, Yankin AN, Sizov VV, Levin OV. Nickel Salicylideniminato 1D MOFs
via
Electrochemical Polymerization. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniil A. Lukyanov
- Saint Petersburg University 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. St. Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation
| | | | - Evgenii V. Beletskii
- Saint Petersburg University 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. St. Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation
| | - Arslan B. Atangulov
- Saint Petersburg University 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. St. Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation
| | - Andrei N. Yankin
- ITMO University Kronverksky Pr. 49, bldg. A St. Petersburg 197101 Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir V. Sizov
- Saint Petersburg University 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. St. Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation
| | - Oleg V. Levin
- Saint Petersburg University 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. St. Petersburg 199034 Russian Federation
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Tomczyk D, Bukowski W, Bester K, Kaczmarek M. Electrocatalytic Properties of Ni(II) Schiff Base Complex Polymer Films. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:191. [PMID: 35009337 PMCID: PMC8745840 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Platinum electrodes were modified with polymers of the (±)-trans-N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediaminenickel(II) ([Ni(salcn)]) and (±)-trans-N,N'-bis(3,3'-tert-Bu-salicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediaminenickel(II) ([Ni(salcn(Bu))]) complexes to study their electrocatalytic and electroanalytical properties. Poly[Ni(salcn)] and poly[Ni(salcn(Bu))]) modified electrodes catalyze the oxidation of catechol, aspartic acid and NO2-. In the case of poly[Ni(salcn)] modified electrodes, the electrocatalysis process depends on the electroactive surface coverage. The films with low electroactive surface coverage are only a barrier in the path of the reducer to the electrode surface. The films with more electroactive surface coverage ensure both electrocatalysis inside the film and oxidation of the reducer directly on the electrode surface. In the films with the most electroactive surface coverage, electrocatalysis occurs only at the polymer-solution interface. The analysis was based on cyclic voltammetry, EQCM (electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance) and rotating disc electrode method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Tomczyk
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Łódź, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Wiktor Bukowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców W-wy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (W.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Karol Bester
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Al. Powstańców W-wy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (W.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Michalina Kaczmarek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Łódź, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland;
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Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of poly [Ni(CH3Osalen)] with immobilized poly(styrenesulfonate) anion dopants. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chepurnaya IA, Karushev MP, Alekseeva EV, Lukyanov DA, Levin OV. Redox-conducting polymers based on metal-salen complexes for energy storage applications. PURE APPL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Metal-salen polymers are electrochemically active metallopolymers functionalized with multiple redox centers, with a potential for high performance in various fields such as heterogeneous catalysis, chemical sensors, energy conversion, saving, and storage. In light of the growing world demand for the development of superior energy storage systems, the prospects of employing these polymers for advancing the performance of supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries are particularly interesting. This article provides a general overview of the results of investigating key structure-property relationships of metal-salen polymers and using them to design polymer-modified electrodes with improved energy storage characteristics. The results of independent and collaborative studies conducted by the members of two research groups currently affiliated to the Saint–Petersburg State University and the Ioffe Institute, respectively, along with the related data from other studies are presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena V. Alekseeva
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University , Saint Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Daniil A. Lukyanov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University , Saint Petersburg , Russian Federation
| | - Oleg V. Levin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University , Saint Petersburg , Russian Federation
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Łępicka K, Pieta P, Francius G, Walcarius A, Kutner W. Structure-reactivity requirements with respect to nickel-salen based polymers for enhanced electrochemical stability. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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