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Wloka T, Gottschaldt M, Schubert US. From Light to Structure: Photo Initiators for Radical Two-Photon Polymerization. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104191. [PMID: 35202499 PMCID: PMC9324900 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon polymerization (2PP) represents a powerful technique for the fabrication of precise three-dimensional structures on a micro- and nanometer scale for various applications. While many review articles are focusing on the used polymeric materials and their application in 2PP, in this review the class of two-photon photo initiators (2PI) used for radical polymerization is discussed in detail. Because the demand for highly efficient 2PI has increased in the last decades, different approaches in designing new efficient 2PIs occurred. This review summarizes the 2PIs known in literature and discusses their absorption behavior under one- and two-photon absorption (2PA) conditions, their two-photon cross sections (σTPA ) as well as their efficiency under 2PP conditions. Here, the photo initiators are grouped depending on their chromophore system (D-π-A-π-D, D-π-D, etc.). Their polymerization efficiencies are evaluated by fabrication windows (FW) depending on different laser intensities and writing speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wloka
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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2
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Devadiga D, Selvakumar M, Devadiga D, Ahipa TN, Shetty P, Paramasivam S, Kumar SS. Synthesis and characterization of a new phenothiazine-based sensitizer/co-sensitizer for efficient dye-sensitized solar cell performance using a gel polymer electrolyte and Ni–TiO 2 as a photoanode. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03589h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Efficiency enhancement of a DSSC using a metal-free co-sensitizer, Ni–TiO2 photoanode, and blend gel polymer electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Devadiga
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - M. Selvakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Devadiga
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra Post, Ramanagara District, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - T. N. Ahipa
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra Post, Ramanagara District, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - Prakasha Shetty
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Selvaraj Paramasivam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, India
| | - S. Senthil Kumar
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, 630003, India
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3
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Luo J, Xie Z, Zou J, Wu X, Gong X, Li C, Xie Y. Efficient dye-sensitized solar cells based on concerted companion dyes: systematic optimization of thiophene units in the organic dye components. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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4
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Kocsis M, Ötvös SB, Samu GF, Fogarassy Z, Pécz B, Kukovecz Á, Kónya Z, Sipos P, Pálinkó I, Varga G. Copper-Loaded Layered Bismuth Subcarbonate-Efficient Multifunctional Heterogeneous Catalyst for Concerted C-S/C-N Heterocyclization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:42650-42661. [PMID: 34477369 PMCID: PMC8447192 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
An efficient self-supported
Cu(II)Bi(III) bimetallic catalyst with
a layered structure was designed and developed. By careful characterization
of the as-prepared material, the host structure was identified to
exhibit a Sillen-type bismutite framework, with copper(II) ions being
loaded as guests. The heterogeneous catalyst enabled C–N and
C–S arylations under mild reaction conditions and with high
chemoselectivities, thus furnishing valuable phenothiazines via heterocyclization with wide substrate tolerance. As
corroborated by detailed catalytic studies, the cooperative, bifunctional
catalyst, bearing Lewis acid sites along with copper(II) catalytic
sites, facilitated an intriguing concerted C–N/C–S heterocyclization
mechanism. The heterogeneous nature of the catalytic reactions was
verified experimentally. Importantly, the catalyst was successfully
recycled and reused multiple times, persevering its original structural
order as well as its initial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Kocsis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.,Materials and Solution Structure Research Group, and Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Aradi Vértanúk tere 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Sándor B Ötvös
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, Graz A-8010, Austria
| | - Gergely F Samu
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Fogarassy
- Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly, Thege M. út 29-33., Budapest 1121, Hungary
| | - Béla Pécz
- Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Konkoly, Thege M. út 29-33., Budapest 1121, Hungary
| | - Ákos Kukovecz
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Pál Sipos
- Materials and Solution Structure Research Group, and Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Aradi Vértanúk tere 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.,Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - István Pálinkó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.,Materials and Solution Structure Research Group, and Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Aradi Vértanúk tere 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Gábor Varga
- Materials and Solution Structure Research Group, and Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Aradi Vértanúk tere 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.,Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
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5
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Tang Y, Yang G, Lou X, Li C, Huang D, Xie Y. Novel anthracene-based organic dyes as co-sensitizers of porphyrins for developing efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04797c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A high efficiency of 10.22% has been achieved through the cosensitization of anthracene-based organic dyes with a porphyrin dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Tang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
| | - Guangxin Yang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Lou
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
| | - Chengjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Huang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jungong 300, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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A computational investigation of the influence of acceptor moieties on photovoltaic performances and adsorption onto the TiO2 surface in triphenylamine-based dyes for DSSC application. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tang Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Liu Q, Li X, Li C, Shen X, Xie Y. Solar cells sensitized by porphyrin dyes containing a substituted carbazole donor with synergistically extended absorption and suppressed the dye aggregation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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8
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Cai K, Hua T, Wu H, Wang L, Tang H, Cao D. Modulating the molecular configuration by varying linking bridge for double-anchored dye-sensitized solar cells. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:244708. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0009177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Tao Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Hanlun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Derong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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9
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Li Y, Li X, Xu Y. A rational design of excellent light-absorbing dyes with different N-substituents at the phenothiazine for high efficiency solar cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 234:118241. [PMID: 32193159 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have attracted great interest due to their simple fabrication process and low cost. However, most organic dyes with D-π-A configuration usually exhibit narrow absorption band, leading to poor light harvesting ability and great loss on photon conversion efficiency. In this research, a series of excellent light-absorbing dyes (CC202-I - CC202-III) with different N-substituents at phenothiazine entities based on the champion dye CC202 were designed and investigated by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD- DFT). According to the analysis of absorption property, the results demonstrated that different N-substituents (12-crown-4-substituted phenyl, 4-hexoxyphenyl, and bare phenyl) at phenothiazine entities lead to stronger and broader absorption band as well as red-shifted spectra; moreover, larger electronic injection driving force (ΔGinject), regeneration driving force (ΔGreg), capability of light harvested (ηLHE(λstrong)/η-LHEλ) and maximal photon generated current (Jph) in CC202-I - CC202-III are observed compared to that of CC202, which further increase JSC. Additionally, a larger VOC can be obtained in CC202-I - CC202-III due to larger dipole moment (unormal) and slow electron recombination rate. Considering the all calculated characteristics related to JSC and VOC, dyes with 12-crown-4-substituted phenyl, 4-hexoxyphenyl, and bare phenyl substituent on phenothiazine can effectively enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchao Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xin Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Yanling Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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10
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Fang J, Xu M, Hu X, Wu C, Lu S, Yu H, Bao X, Wang Y, Shao G, Liu W. Aggregation-Free Organic Dyes Featuring Spiro[dibenzo[3,4:6,7]cyclohepta[1,2- b]quinoxaline-10,9'-fluorene] (SDBQX) for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2019; 3:1900034. [PMID: 31592334 PMCID: PMC6777215 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201900034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three novel organic dyes coded as FHD4-1, FHD4-2, and FHD4-3 featuring spiro[dibenzo[3,4:6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-b]quinoxaline-10,9'-fluorene] (SDBQX) moieties are designed to inhibit dye aggregation to improve the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The consistent absorption onsets of FHD4-1, FHD4-2, and FHD4-3 in solutions and adsorbed on TiO2 films indicate that these dyes are aggregation-free dyes. Therefore, coadsorption with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) of these three dyes reduces the performance of DSSCs because no inhibition effect for dye aggregation is needed, but, on the contrary, the dye loading amount is reduced after addition of CDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Kun Fang
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China
| | - Mengchen Xu
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China
| | - Xiangyu Hu
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China
| | - Chunxia Wu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Researchand Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
| | - Shuang Lu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Researchand Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
- Hebei Agricultural UniversityCangzhou061100China
| | - Hui‐Juan Yu
- School of ChemistrySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
- Shenzhen Research InstituteSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518057China
| | - Xin Bao
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing210094China
| | - Yinglin Wang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Researchand Key Laboratory of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024China
| | - Guang Shao
- School of ChemistrySun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
- Shenzhen Research InstituteSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518057China
| | - Wei Liu
- Chengde Huakan No.514 Geological Mineral Testing Research Co., Ltd.Chengde067000China
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