1
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Adak NC, Lim S, Lee GH, Lee W. Epoxy-based multifunctional solid polymer electrolytes for structural batteries and supercapacitors. a short review. Front Chem 2024; 12:1330655. [PMID: 38496271 PMCID: PMC10940377 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1330655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The potential applications of epoxy-based solid polymer electrolytes are continually expanding because of their versatile characteristics. These characteristics include mechanical rigidity, nonvolatility, nonflammability, and electrochemical stability. However, it is worth noting that pure epoxy-based solid polymer electrolytes inherently exhibit lower ion transport capabilities when compared to traditional liquid electrolytes. Striking a balance between high mechanical integrity and superior ionic conductivity at room temperature poses a significant challenge. In light of this challenge, this review is dedicated to elucidating the fundamental concepts of epoxy-based solid polymer electrolytes. It will explore various preparation techniques, the incorporation of different nanomaterials into epoxy-based solid polymer electrolytes, and an evaluation of their multifunctional properties. This comprehensive evaluation will cover both mechanical and electrical properties with a specific focus on their potential applications in batteries and structural supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wonoh Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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2
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Jin L, Lim H, Bae W, Song S, Joo K, Jang H, Kim W. Crosslinked Gel Polymer Electrolyte from Trimethylolpropane Triglycidyl Ether by In Situ Polymerization for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Gels 2024; 10:40. [PMID: 38247763 PMCID: PMC10815923 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrolytes play a critical role in battery performance. They are associated with an increased risk of safety issues. The main challenge faced by many researchers is how to balance the physical and electrical properties of electrolytes. Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) have received increasing attention due to their satisfactory properties of ionic conductivity, mechanical stability, and safety. Herein, we develop a gel network polymer electrolyte (GNPE) to address the challenge mentioned earlier. This GNPE was formed by tri-epoxide monomer and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide lithium salt (LiFSI) via an in situ cationic polymerization under mild thermal conditions. The obtained GNPE exhibited a relatively high ionic conductivity (σ) of 2.63 × 10-4 S cm-1, lithium transference number (tLi+, 0.58) at room temperature (RT), and intimate electrode compatibility with LiFePO4 and graphite. The LiFePO4/GNPE/graphite battery also showed a promising cyclic performance at RT, e.g., a suitable discharge specific capacity of 127 mAh g-1 and a high Coulombic efficiency (>97%) after 100 cycles at 0.2 C. Moreover, electrolyte films showed good mechanical stability and formed the SEI layer on the graphite anode. This study provides a facile method for preparing epoxy-based electrolytes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Whangi Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju-si 27478, Republic of Korea; (L.J.); (H.L.); (W.B.); (S.S.); (K.J.); (H.J.)
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3
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Zhang W, Bae W, Jin L, Park S, Jeon M, Kim W, Jang H. Cross-Linked Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on Multiple Epoxy Groups Enabling Conductivity and High Performance of Li-Ion Batteries. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050384. [PMID: 37232976 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The low ionic conductivity and unstable interface of electrolytes/electrodes are the key issues hindering the application progress of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). In this work, a cross-linked gel polymer electrolyte (C-GPE) based on epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was synthesized by in situ thermal polymerization using lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) as an initiator. Ethylene carbonate/diethylene carbonate (EC/DEC) was beneficial for the distribution of the as-prepared C-GPE on the anode surface and the dissociation ability of LiFSI. The resulting C-GPE-2 exhibited a wide electrochemical window (of up to 5.19 V vs. Li+/Li), an ionic conductivity (σ) of 0.23 × 10-3 S/cm at 30 °C, a super-low glass transition temperature (Tg), and good interfacial stability between the electrodes and electrolyte. The battery performance of the as-prepared C-GPE-2 based on a graphite/LiFePO4 cell showed a high specific capacity of ca. 161.3 mAh/g (an initial Coulombic efficiency (CE) of ca. 98.4%) with a capacity retention rate of ca. 98.5% after 50 cycles at 0.1 C and an average CE of about ca. 98.04% at an operating voltage range of 2.0~4.2 V. This work provides a reference for designing cross-linking gel polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, facilitating the practical application of high-performance LiBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Wansu Bae
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyuk Jeon
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Whangi Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Hohyoun Jang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Republic of Korea
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4
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Senthilkumar SH, Ramasubramanian B, Rao RP, Chellappan V, Ramakrishna S. Advances in Electrospun Materials and Methods for Li-Ion Batteries. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071622. [PMID: 37050236 PMCID: PMC10096578 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic devices commonly use rechargeable Li-ion batteries due to their potency, manufacturing effectiveness, and affordability. Electrospinning technology offers nanofibers with improved mechanical strength, quick ion transport, and ease of production, which makes it an attractive alternative to traditional methods. This review covers recent morphology-varied nanofibers and examines emerging nanofiber manufacturing methods and materials for battery tech advancement. The electrospinning technique can be used to generate nanofibers for battery separators, the electrodes with the advent of flame-resistant core-shell nanofibers. This review also identifies potential applications for recycled waste and biomass materials to increase the sustainability of the electrospinning process. Overall, this review provides insights into current developments in electrospinning for batteries and highlights the commercialization potential of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Harini Senthilkumar
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Brindha Ramasubramanian
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Rayavarapu Prasada Rao
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Vijila Chellappan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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5
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Demir B, Chan KY, Livi S. Rational Design of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Based on Ionic Liquid Monomer for Supercapacitor Applications via Molecular Dynamics Study. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235106. [PMID: 36501500 PMCID: PMC9737087 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety concern arising from flammable liquid electrolytes used in batteries and supercapacitors drives technological advances in solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) in which flammable organic solvents are absent. However, there is always a trade-off between the ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of SPEs due to the lack of interaction between the ionic liquid and polymer resin. The inadequate understanding of SPEs also limits their future exploitation and applications. Herein, we provide a complete approach to develop a new SPE, consisting of a cation (monomer), anion and hardener from ions-monomers using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results show that the strong solid-liquid interactions between the SPE and graphene electrode lead to a very small gap of ∼5.5 Å between the components of SPE and electrode, resulting in a structured solid-to-liquid interface, which can potentially improve energy storage performance. The results also indicated the critical role of the mobility of free-standing anions in the SPE network to achieve high ionic conductivity for applications requiring fast charge/discharge. In addition, the formations of hardener-depleted regions and cation-anion-poor/rich regions near the uncharged/charged electrode surfaces were observed at the molecular level, providing insights for rationally designing the SPEs to overcome the boundaries for further breakthroughs in energy storage technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Demir
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Kit-Ying Chan
- Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sébastien Livi
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polyméres, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, INSA Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
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Spiro-Twisted Benzoxazine Derivatives Bearing Nitrile Group for All-Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes in Lithium Batteries. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142869. [PMID: 35890645 PMCID: PMC9317537 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, two nitrile-functionalized spiro-twisted benzoxazine monomers, namely 2,2′-((6,6,6′,6′-tetramethyl-6,6′,7,7′-tetrahydro-2H,2′H-8,8′-spirobi[indeno[5,6-e][1,3]oxazin]-3,3′(4H,4′H)-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))diacetonitrile (TSBZBC) and 4,4′-(6,6,6′,6′-tetramethyl-6,6′,7,7′-tetrahydro-2H,2′H-8,8′-spirobi[indeno[5,6-e][1,3]oxazin]-3,3′(4H,4′H)-diyl)dibenzonitrile (TSBZBN) were successfully developed as cross-linkable precursors. In addition, the incorporation of the nitrile group by covalent bonding onto the crosslinked spiro-twisted molecular chains improve the miscibility of SPE membranes with lithium salts while maintaining good mechanical properties. Owing to the presence of a high fractional free volume of spiro-twisted matrix, the –CN groups would have more space for rotation and vibration to assist lithium migration, especially for the benzyl cyanide-containing SPE. When combined with poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) electrolytes, a new type of CN-containing semi-interpenetrating polymer networks for solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) were prepared. The PEO-TSBZBC and PEO-TSBZBN composite SPEs (with 20 wt% crosslinked structure in the polymer) are denoted as the BC20 and BN20, respectively. The BC20 sample exhibited an ionic conductivity (σ) of 3.23 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 80 °C and a Li+ ion transference number of 0.187. The LiFePO4 (LFP)|BC20|Li sample exhibited a satisfactory charge–discharge capacity of 163.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C (with approximately 100% coulombic efficiency). Furthermore, the Li|BC20|Li cell was more stable during the Li plating/stripping process than the Li|BN20|Li and Li|PEO|Li samples. The Li|BC20|Li symmetric cell could be cycled continuously for more than 2700 h without short-circuiting. In addition, the specific capacity of the LFP|BC20|Li cell retained 87% of the original value after 50 cycles.
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Zhang W, Ryu T, Yoon S, Jin L, Jang G, Bae W, Kim W, Ahmed F, Jang H. Synthesis and Characterization of Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on Epoxy Group via Cationic Ring-Open Polymerization for Lithium-Ion Battery. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040439. [PMID: 35448409 PMCID: PMC9031558 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The polymer electrolytes are considered to be an alternative to liquid electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries because of their high thermal stability, flexibility, and wide applications. However, the polymer electrolytes have low ionic conductivity at room temperature due to the interfacial contact issue and the growing of lithium dendrites between the electrolytes/electrodes. In this study, we prepared gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) through an in situ thermal-induced cationic ring-opening strategy, using LiFSI as an initiator. As-synthesized GPEs were characterized with a series of technologies. The as-synthesized PNDGE 1.5 presented good thermal stability (up to 150 °C), low glass transition temperature (Tg < −40 °C), high ionic conductivity (>10−4 S/cm), and good interfacial contact with the cell components and comparable anodic oxidation voltage (4.0 V). In addition, PNGDE 1.5 exhibited a discharge capacity of 131 mAh/g after 50 cycles at 0.2 C and had a 92% level of coulombic efficiency. Herein, these results can contribute to developing of new polymer electrolytes and offer the possibility of good compatibility through the in situ technique for Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (W.Z.); (T.R.); (S.Y.); (L.J.); (G.J.); (W.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Taewook Ryu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (W.Z.); (T.R.); (S.Y.); (L.J.); (G.J.); (W.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Sujin Yoon
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (W.Z.); (T.R.); (S.Y.); (L.J.); (G.J.); (W.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (W.Z.); (T.R.); (S.Y.); (L.J.); (G.J.); (W.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Giseok Jang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (W.Z.); (T.R.); (S.Y.); (L.J.); (G.J.); (W.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Wansu Bae
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (W.Z.); (T.R.); (S.Y.); (L.J.); (G.J.); (W.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Whangi Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (W.Z.); (T.R.); (S.Y.); (L.J.); (G.J.); (W.B.); (W.K.)
| | - Faiz Ahmed
- Grenoble INP, LEPMI, University of Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Hohyoun Jang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (W.Z.); (T.R.); (S.Y.); (L.J.); (G.J.); (W.B.); (W.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-840-4764
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8
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Lithium Salt Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerized Solid-State Electrolyte with Comparable Ionic Conductivity and Better Interface Compatibility for Li-Ion Batteries. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030330. [PMID: 35323805 PMCID: PMC8955661 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries have drawn extensive attention owing to increasing demands in applications from portable electronic devices to energy storage systems. In situ polymerization is considered one of the most promising approaches for enabling interfacial issues and improving compatibility between electrolytes and electrodes in batteries. Herein, we observed in situ thermally induced electrolytes based on an oxetane group with LiFSI as an initiator, and investigated structural characteristics, physicochemical properties, contacting interface, and electrochemical performances of as-prepared SPEs with a variety of technologies, such as FTIR, 1H-NMR, FE-SEM, EIS, LSV, and chronoamperometry. The as-prepared SPEs exhibited good thermal stability (stable up to 210 °C), lower activation energy, and high ionic conductivity (>0.1 mS/cm) at 30 °C. Specifically, SPE-2.5 displayed a comparable ionic conductivity (1.3 mS/cm at 80 °C), better interfacial compatibility, and a high Li-ion transference number. The SPE-2.5 electrolyte had comparable coulombic efficiency with a half-cell configuration at 0.1 C for 50 cycles. Obtained results could provide the possibility of high ionic conductivity and good compatibility through in situ polymerization for the development of Li-ion batteries.
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Zhang S, Lu Y, He K, Que L, Zhao L, Wang Z. The plastic crystal composite polyacrylate polymer electrolyte with a semi-interpenetrating network structure for all-solid-state LIBs. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04022k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte semi-interpenetrating network structure of lithium ion battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujian Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yang Lu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Kewu He
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Lanfang Que
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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10
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Zhang S, Lu Y, He K, Meng X, Que L, Wang Z. Effect of UV light polymerization time on the properties of plastic crystal composite polyacrylate polymer electrolyte for all solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shujian Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resources and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Yang Lu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resources and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Kewu He
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resources and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Xianghui Meng
- Shandong ALLGRAND New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Dezhou China
| | - Lanfang Que
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resources and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, State Key Lab of Urban Water Resources and Environment School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
- Shandong ALLGRAND New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Dezhou China
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11
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Epoxy-Based Interlocking Membranes for All Solid-State Lithium Ion Batteries: The Effects of Amine Curing Agents on Electrochemical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193244. [PMID: 34641061 PMCID: PMC8513100 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of crosslinked membranes were prepared as solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for all-solid-state lithium ion batteries (ASSLIBs). An epoxy-containing copolymer (glycidyl methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate, PGA) and two amine curing agents, linear Jeffamine ED2003 and hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI), were utilized to prepare SPEs with various crosslinking degrees. The PGA/polyethylene oxide (PEO) blends were cured by ED2003 and PEI to obtain slightly and heavily crosslinked structures, respectively. For further optimizing the interfacial and the electrochemical properties, an interlocking bilayer membrane based on overlapping and subsequent curing of PGA/PEO/ED2003 and PEO/PEI layers was developed. The presence of this amino/epoxy network can inhibit PEO crystallinity and maintain the dimensional stability of membranes. For the slightly crosslinked PGA/PEO/ED2003 membrane, an ionic conductivity of 5.61 × 10−4 S cm−1 and a lithium ion transference number (tLi+) of 0.43 were obtained, along with a specific capacity of 156 mAh g−1 (0.05 C) acquired from an assembled half-cell battery. However, the capacity retention retained only 54% after 100 cycles (0.2 C, 80 °C), possibly because the PEO-based electrolyte was inclined to recrystallize after long term thermal treatment. On the other hand, the highly crosslinked PGA/PEO/PEI membrane exhibited a similar ionic conductivity of 3.44 × 10−4 S cm−1 and a tLi+ of 0.52. Yet, poor interfacial adhesion between the membrane and the cathode brought about a low specific capacity of 48 mAh g−1. For the reinforced interlocking bilayer membrane, an ionic conductivity of 3.24 × 10−4 S cm−1 and a tLi+ of 0.42 could be achieved. Moreover, the capacity retention reached as high as 80% after 100 cycles (0.2 C, 80 °C). This is because the presence of the epoxy-based interlocking bilayer structure can block the pathway of lithium dendrite puncture effectively. We demonstrate that the unique interlocking bilayer structure is capable of offering a new approach to fabricate a robust SPE for ASSLIBs.
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12
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Méry A, Rousselot S, Lepage D, Dollé M. A Critical Review for an Accurate Electrochemical Stability Window Measurement of Solid Polymer and Composite Electrolytes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3840. [PMID: 34300757 PMCID: PMC8304043 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLB) are very promising for the future development of next generation lithium battery systems due to their increased energy density and improved safety. ASSLB employing Solid Polymer Electrolytes (SPE) and Solid Composite Electrolytes (SCE) in particular have attracted significant attention. Among the several expected requirements for a battery system (high ionic conductivity, safety, mechanical stability), increasing the energy density and the cycle life relies on the electrochemical stability window of the SPE or SCE. Most published works target the importance of ionic conductivity (undoubtedly a crucial parameter) and often identify the Electrochemical Stability Window (ESW) of the electrolyte as a secondary parameter. In this review, we first present a summary of recent publications on SPE and SCE with a particular focus on the analysis of their electrochemical stability. The goal of the second part is to propose a review of optimized and improved electrochemical methods, leading to a better understanding and a better evaluation of the ESW of the SPE and the SCE which is, once again, a critical parameter for high stability and high performance ASSLB applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mickaël Dollé
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada; (A.M.); (S.R.); (D.L.)
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13
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Zhang Q, Wen Y, Liu K, Liu N, Du Y, Ma C, Zhou L, Liang Y, Jin Y. Study of solid polyurethane electrolytes synthesized from HDI and PEO of different molecular weight. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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High electrochemical and mechanical performance of zinc conducting-based gel polymer electrolytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13268. [PMID: 34168235 PMCID: PMC8225769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc ionic conducting-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) were fabricated from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and three different zinc salts in a mass ratio ranging within 0–30 wt%. The effects of zinc salt and loading level on the structure, thermal, mechanical, mechanical stability, and morphological properties, as well as electrochemical properties of the GPEs films, were symmetrically investigated. The mechanical properties and mechanical stability of CMC were improved with the addition of zinc acetate, zinc sulphate, and zinc triflate, approaching the minimum requirement of a solid state membrane for battery. The maximum ionic conductivity of 2.10 mS cm−1 was achieved with the addition of 15 wt% zinc acetate (ZnA), GPEA15. The supported parameters, indicating the presence of the amorphous region that likely supported Zn2+ movement in the CMC chains, were clearly revealed with the increase in the number of mobile Zn2+ carriers in FT-IR spectra and the magnitude of ionic transference number, the decrease of the enthalpy of fusion in DSC thermogram, and the shifting to lower intensity of 2θ in XRD pattern. The developed CMC/ZnA complex-based GPEs are very promising for their high ionic conductivity as well as good mechanical properties and the ability for long-term utilization in a zinc ion battery.
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Zhang Y, Yu L, Wang J, Li S, Gan H, Xue Z. Fabrication of polymer electrolyte via lithium salt-induced surface-initiated radical polymerization for lithium metal batteries. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Muñoz B, del Bosque A, Sánchez M, Utrilla V, Prolongo S, Prolongo M, Ureña A. Epoxy resin systems modified with ionic liquids and ceramic nanoparticles as structural composites for multifunctional applications. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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17
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Zhang Q, Liu K, Liu K, Li J, Ma C, Zhou L, Du Y. Study of a composite solid electrolyte made from a new pyrrolidone-containing polymer and LLZTO. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 580:389-398. [PMID: 32693292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Improving the safety and performance of lithium ion batteries (LIB) sparked the idea of using a solid electrolyte to construct all-solid-state ones. In this study, a composite solid polymer electrolyte based on Li6.40La3Zr1.40Ta0.60O12 (LLZTO) nanoparticles and a random copolymer, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone-co-poly(oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate) (PPO), was successfully prepared and investigated in detail. The copolymer PPO is mixed with LiTFSI and LLZTO at different ratios and the Li conductivity and other electrochemical properties were studied. The copolymer matrix shows the highest ionic conductivity, 2.43 × 10-5 S/cm at 60 °C, at the content of 20 wt% LiTFSI, the highest lithium ion transference number is determined to be 0.33 at room temperature, and the electrochemical stability reaches 4.3 V vs. Li+/Li. Interestingly, when compounded with LLZTO nanoparticles, the ionic conductivity is not improved much. For example, the highest ionic conductivity increases a little to 2.74 × 10-5 S/cm at 60 °C when 5 wt% LLZTO is added. However, a large increase in electrochemical stability to 5.0 V is obtained for the sample of PPO-20%-10LLZTO. Both PPO and the composite electrolyte show good cycling performance during a plating/stripping experiment at a current density of 0.01 mA/cm2. The limited improvement of properties is possibly due to the poor interface contact between PPO and LLZTO nanoparticles. The result may shed light on the complexity of fabricating composite electrolytes using mixtures of polymer and lithium-conducting ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Department of Applied Chemistry, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Department of Applied Chemistry, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Kang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Department of Applied Chemistry, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Junpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Department of Applied Chemistry, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Chunjie Ma
- Shaanxi J&R Optimum Energy Co., Ltd., Qingyang Building, Tsinghua Science Park, High-Tech Industries Development Zone, Xi'an 710075, PR China
| | - Liang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Yaping Du
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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Zhang Q, Liu K, Liu K, Zhou L, Ma C, Du Y. Imidazole containing solid polymer electrolyte for lithium ion conduction and the effects of two lithium salts. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Dueramae I, Okhawilai M, Kasemsiri P, Uyama H, Kita R. Properties enhancement of carboxymethyl cellulose with thermo-responsive polymer as solid polymer electrolyte for zinc ion battery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12587. [PMID: 32724055 PMCID: PMC7387535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel polymer host from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAM) was developed for a high safety solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) in a zinc ion battery. Effects of the PNiPAM loading level in the range of 0-40% by weight ( wt%) on the chemical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the CMC/PNiPAMx films (where x is the wt% of PNiPAM) were symmetrically investigated. The obtained CMC/PNiPAMx films showed a high compatibility between the polymers. The CMC/PNiPAM20 blend showed the greatest tensile strength and modulus at 37.9 MPa and 2.1 GPa, respectively. Moreover, the thermal degradation of CMC was retarded by the addition of PNiPAM. Scanning electron microscopy images of CMC/PNiPAM20 revealed a porous structure that likely supported Zn2+ movement in the SPEs containing zinc triflate, resulting in the high Zn2+ ion transference number (0.56) and ionic conductivity (1.68 × 10-4 S cm-1). Interestingly, the presence of PNiPAM in the CMC/PNiPAMx blends showed a greater stability during charge-discharge cyclic tests, indicating the ability of PNiPAM to suppress dendrite formation from causing a short circuit. The developed CMC/PNiPAM20 based SPE is a promising material for high ionic conductivity and stability in a Zn ion battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isala Dueramae
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Manunya Okhawilai
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Responsive Wearable Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Pornnapa Kasemsiri
- Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center and Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rio Kita
- Department of Physics, Tokai University, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
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Wu CH, Huang YC, Lai TH, Chiu SH, Uchibe N, Lin HW, Chiu WY, Tung SH, Jeng RJ. Facile synthesis toward self-dispersible waterborne comb-like Poly(hydroxyaminoethers). POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Unge M, Gudla H, Zhang C, Brandell D. Electronic conductivity of polymer electrolytes: electronic charge transport properties of LiTFSI-doped PEO. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7680-7684. [PMID: 32242576 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01130d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure of poly(ethyleneoxide) with and without a common electrolyte lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide salt is calculated from first principles. Introducing the salt into the polymer electrolyte significantly reduces the band gap, down to 0.6 eV. Thus, this will have a significant impact on the leakage currents in polymer electrolytes used in all-solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Unge
- ABB Corporate Research, SE 72178, Västerås, Sweden. and Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala Universitet, SE 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Harish Gudla
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala Universitet, SE 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala Universitet, SE 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Brandell
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala Universitet, SE 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
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