Integrated direct hybridization of fuel cell and supercapacitor by materials design

An Energy Consumption Model for Designing an AGV Energy Storage System with a PEMFC Stack

This article presents a methodology for building an AGV (automated guided vehicle) power supply system simulation model with a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack (PEMFC). The model focuses on selecting the correct parameters for the hybrid energy buffering system to ensure proper operating parameters of the vehicle, i.e., minimizing vehicle downtime. The AGV uses 2 × 1.18 kW electric motors and is a development version of a battery-powered vehicle in which the battery has been replaced with a hybrid power system using a 300 W PEMFC. The research and development of the new power system were initiated by the AGV manufacturer. The model-based design (MBD) methodology is used in the design and construction of a complete simulation model for the system, which consists of the fuel cell system, energy processing, a storage system, and an energy demand models. The energy demand model has been developed based on measurements from the existing AGV, and the remaining parts of the model are based on simulation models tuned to the characteristics obtained for the individual subsystems or from commonly available data. A parametric model is created with the possibility for development and determination by simulation of either the final system or from the parameters of the individual models’ elements (components of the designed system). The presented methodology can be used to develop alternative versions of the system, in particular the selection of the correct size of supercapacitors and batteries which depend on the energy demand profile and the development of the DC/DC converter and controllers. Additionally, the varying topology of the whole system was also analyzed. Minimization of downtime has been presented as one of many possible uses of the presented model.