1
|
Akhilash M, Salini PS, John B, Sujatha S, Mercy TD. Surface Modification on Nickel Rich Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Cells: A Mini Review. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300132. [PMID: 37395417 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-rich (Ni-rich) layered oxides are considered as the most promising cathode candidates for lithium-ion cells owing to their high theoretical specific capacity. However, the higher nickel content endows structural deformation through unwanted phase transitions and parasitic side reactions that lead to capacity fading upon prolonged cycling. Hence, a deep understanding of the chemistry and structural behaviour is essential for developing Ni-rich Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese oxide (NCM) cathode-based high-energy batteries. The present review focuses on the different challenges associated with Ni-rich NCM materials and surface modification as a strategy to solve the issues associated with NCM materials, assessment of several coating materials, and the recent developments in the surface modification of Ni-rich NCMs, with an in-depth discussion on the impact of coating on the degradation mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Akhilash
- Energy Systems Development Division, PCM Entity, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, 695022, India
- University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695034, India
| | - P S Salini
- Energy Systems Development Division, PCM Entity, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, 695022, India
| | - Bibin John
- Energy Systems Development Division, PCM Entity, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, 695022, India
| | - S Sujatha
- Energy Systems Development Division, PCM Entity, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, 695022, India
| | - T D Mercy
- Energy Systems Group, PCM Entity, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, 695022, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Allen J, O’Keefe CA, Grey CP. Quantifying Dissolved Transition Metals in Battery Electrolyte Solutions with NMR Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:9509-9521. [PMID: 37255924 PMCID: PMC10226131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c01396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dissolution is an important contributor to capacity fade in lithium-ion cells. NMR relaxation rates are proportional to the concentration of paramagnetic species, making them suitable to quantify dissolved transition metals in battery electrolytes. In this work, 7Li, 31P, 19F, and 1H longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates were measured to study LiPF6 electrolyte solutions containing Ni2+, Mn2+, Co2+, or Cu2+ salts and Mn dissolved from LiMn2O4. Sensitivities were found to vary by nuclide and by transition metal. 19F (PF6-) and 1H (solvent) measurements were more sensitive than 7Li and 31P measurements due to the higher likelihood that the observed species are in closer proximity to the metal center. Mn2+ induced the greatest relaxation enhancement, yielding a limit of detection of ∼0.005 mM for 19F and 1H measurements. Relaxometric analysis of a sample containing Mn dissolved from LiMn2O4 at ∼20 °C showed good sensitivity and accuracy (suggesting dissolution of Mn2+), but analysis of a sample stored at 60 °C showed that the relaxometric quantification is less accurate for heat-degraded LiPF6 electrolytes. This is attributed to degradation processes causing changes to the metal solvation shell (changing the fractions of PF6-, EC, and EMC coordinated to Mn2+), such that calibration measurements performed with pristine electrolyte solutions are not applicable to degraded solutions-a potential complication for efforts to quantify metal dissolution during operando NMR studies of batteries employing widely-used LiPF6 electrolytes. Ex situ nondestructive quantification of transition metals in lithium-ion battery electrolytes is shown to be possible by NMR relaxometry; further, the method's sensitivity to the metal solvation shell also suggests potential use in assessing the coordination spheres of dissolved transition metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer
P. Allen
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Christopher A. O’Keefe
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| | - Clare P. Grey
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0RA, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Y, Jiao X, Du M, Li R, Wei Y, Zhang Y. Electrochemically promoted oxidation of oxytetracycline on MnO2@(PSS/PDDA)Au anode with peroxymonosulfate: Mechanism and toxicity study. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
|
4
|
Wei J, Liang D, Ji Y, Chen B, Jiang C, Li X. Enhanced electrochemical performance of cobalt oxide layers coated LiNi 0.8Co 0.1Mn 0.1O 2 by polyvinylpyrrolidone-assisted method cathode for Li-ion batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 616:520-531. [PMID: 35228048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) stands out among many cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries due to its high energy density. However, the Li-Ni mixing phenomenon and the side reactions between the active cathode material and the electrolyte during the charging and discharging process have hindered its commercial application. Co3O4 is a transition metal oxide with a spinel structure that can provide Li+ embedding sites for NCM811 and is considered a competitive coating material. Here, we use polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the assisting material and Co(NO3)2·6H2O as the cobalt source to form a uniform and continuous Co3O4 coating on the surface the of NCM811 by a simple wet chemical method. The formed coating can avoid direct contact between NCM811 and the electrolyte, enhance the structural stability of the material surface, and reduce the polarization of the electrode during cycling. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the modified cathode materials is higher than that of NCM811, with a higher initial specific capacity (183.59 mAh·g-1 at 0.1C), specific capacity (151.10 mAh·g-1 at 2C) and cycle performance. The performances are better than those of many oxide coating materials at this research stage and provide a potential solution for the practical application of NCM811 lithium-ion batteries that provide high energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Di Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxuan Ji
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bing Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueting Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lithium-Ion Battery Operation, Degradation, and Aging Mechanism in Electric Vehicles: An Overview. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14175220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the aging mechanism for lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) is crucial for optimizing the battery operation in real-life applications. This article gives a systematic description of the LiBs aging in real-life electric vehicle (EV) applications. First, the characteristics of the common EVs and the lithium-ion chemistries used in these applications are described. The battery operation in EVs is then classified into three modes: charging, standby, and driving, which are subsequently described. Finally, the aging behavior of LiBs in the actual charging, standby, and driving modes are reviewed, and the influence of different working conditions are considered. The degradation mechanisms of cathode, electrolyte, and anode during those processes are also discussed. Thus, a systematic analysis of the aging mechanisms of LiBs in real-life EV applications is achieved, providing practical guidance, methods to prolong the battery life for users, battery designers, vehicle manufacturers, and material recovery companies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ye Z, Qiu L, Yang W, Wu Z, Liu Y, Wang G, Song Y, Zhong B, Guo X. Nickel-Rich Layered Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Chemistry 2021; 27:4249-4269. [PMID: 33073440 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-rich layered transition metal oxides are considered as promising cathode candidates to construct next-generation lithium-ion batteries to satisfy the demands of electrical vehicles, because of the high energy density, low cost, and environment friendliness. However, some problems related to rate capability, structure stability, and safety still hamper their commercial application. In this Review, beginning with the relationships between the physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance, the underlying mechanisms of the capacity/voltage fade and the unstable structure of Ni-rich cathodes are deeply analyzed. Furthermore, the recent research progress of Ni-rich oxide cathode materials through element doping, surface modification, and structure tuning are summarized. Finally, this review concludes by discussing new insights to expand the field of Ni-rich oxides and promote practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengcheng Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Lang Qiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
| | - Gongke Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Benhe Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sichuan, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim JH, Kim H, Choi W, Park MS. Bifunctional Surface Coating of LiNbO 3 on High-Ni Layered Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:35098-35104. [PMID: 32648732 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-Ni cathode materials with a layered structure generally suffer from structural instability induced by a highly reactive Ni component, especially at the surface. Crystalline LiNbO3, with excellent thermal stability and ionic conductivity, has the potential to considerably enhance the interfacial stability of these cathode materials. By optimizing the crystalline coating of bifunctional LiNbO3 on a high-Ni cathode material, we are able to improve cycle performance and rate capability by minimizing the direct exposure of Ni with electrolytes. Since a LiNbO3 coating layer directly affects electrochemical performance, we also focus on the correlation of LiNbO3 crystallinity with electrochemical behaviors of Li+ in the cathode materials. We show that the Li+ conducting behaviors are closely related to the crystallinity of LiNbO3. Highly crystalline LiNbO3 effectively suppresses the structural changes of the cathode materials by facilitating strain relaxation induced by repeated Li+ intercalation and deintercalation into and from the host structure. Moreover, it offers strong enhancement in mechanical and thermal stabilities at elevated temperatures above 60 °C. In this regard, this research provides a practical solution for successfully utilizing high-Ni layered cathode materials in commercial LIBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hwa Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongwoo Kim
- Center for Energy Storage Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchang Choi
- Department of Energy Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Park
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li S, Yang T, Wang W, Lu J, Zhao X, Fan W, Zuo X, Nan J. 2-Thiophene sulfonamide (2-TS)-contained multi-functional electrolyte matching high-voltage LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2/graphite batteries with enhanced performances. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
9
|
Dual-modification of Gd2O3 on the high-voltage electrochemical properties of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode materials via the solid-state method. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
10
|
Cao G, Zhu J, Li Y, Zhou Y, Jin Z, Xu B, Hai C, Zeng J. Synthesis of a fine LiNi0.88Co0.09Al0.03O2 cathode material for lithium-ion batteries via a solvothermal route and its improved high-temperature cyclic performance. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9917-9923. [PMID: 35498586 PMCID: PMC9050230 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08450a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nickel–Cobalt–Aluminum (NCA) cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are conventionally synthesized by chemical co-precipitation. However, the co-precipitation of Ni2+, Co2+, and Al3+ is difficult to control because the three ions have different solubility product constants. This study proposes a new synthetic route of NCA, which allows fabrication of fine and well-constructed NCA cathode materials by a high temperature solid-state reaction assisted by a fast solvothermal process. The capacity of the LiNi0.88Co0.09Al0.03O2 as-synthesized by the solvothermal method was 154.6 mA h g−1 at 55 °C after 100 cycles, corresponding to 75.93% retention. In comparison, NCA prepared by the co-precipitation method delivered only 130.3 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles, with a retention of 63.31%. Therefore, the fast solvothermal process-assisted high temperature solid-state method is a promising candidate for synthesizing high-performance NCA cathode materials. Nickel–Cobalt–Aluminum (NCA) cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are conventionally synthesized by chemical co-precipitation.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Cao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
- Qing Hai Kuai Lv High-tech Co., Ltd
| | - Jie Zhu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Yunjiao Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xining 810008
- P. R. China
| | - Zhuomin Jin
- Qing Hai Kuai Lv High-tech Co., Ltd
- Xining 810008
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- Qing Hai Kuai Lv High-tech Co., Ltd
- Xining 810008
- P. R. China
| | - Chunxi Hai
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xining 810008
- P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xining 810008
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|