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Chen PW, Chang CT. New Anodic Discoloration Materials Applying Energy-Storage Electrochromic Device. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5412. [PMID: 37570116 PMCID: PMC10419586 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
We have assessed new anodic coloring materials that can be used as ion storage layers in complementary energy storage electrochromic devices (ESECDs) to enhance their electrochromic storage performance. In our study, we fabricated counter electrodes (ion storage layers) using an IrO2-doping NiO (Ir:NiO) film through cathodic arc plasma (CAP) with varying surface charge capacities. We have also investigated the influence of a MoO3-doped WO3 (Mo:WO3) film using various Ar/O2 gas flow ratios (1/4, 1/5, and 1/6, respectively). The ESECDs used in the demonstration were 10 × 10 cm2 in size and achieved an optical transmittance modulation of the Ir:NiO ESECDs (glass/ITO/ Mo:WO3/gel polymer electrolytes/ Ir:NiO/ITO/glass), with ΔT = 53.3% (from Tbleaching (66.6%) to Tcoloration (13.1%)). The ESECDs had a quick coloration time of 3.58 s, a rapid bleaching time of 1.24 s, and a high cycling durability. Furthermore, it remained at a 45% transmittance modulation level even after 3000 cycles. New anodic materials can thereby provide an alternative to traditional active materials for bi-functional electrochromic batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Wen Chen
- Division of Physics, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City 325207, Taiwan
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Zheng JY, Sun Q, Cui J, Yu X, Li S, Zhang L, Jiang S, Ma W, Ma R. Review on recent progress in WO 3-based electrochromic films: preparation methods and performance enhancement strategies. NANOSCALE 2022; 15:63-79. [PMID: 36468697 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04761f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal oxides have drawn tremendous interest due to their unique physical and chemical properties. As one of the most promising electrochromic (EC) materials, tungsten trioxide (WO3) has attracted great attention due to its exceptional EC characteristics. This review summarizes the background and general concept of EC devices, and key criteria for evaluation of WO3-based EC materials. Special focus is placed on preparation techniques and performance enhancement of WO3 EC films. Specifically, four methods - nanostructuring, regulating crystallinity, fabricating hybrid films, and preparing multilayer composite structures - have been developed to enhance the EC performance of WO3 films. Finally, we offer some important recommendations and perspectives on potential research directions for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin You Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Qimeng Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jiameizi Cui
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xiaomei Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Songjie Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Lili Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Suyu Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Wei Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Functional Material Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Renzhi Ma
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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Naskar I, Deshagani S, Deepa M. Zinc cobaltite micro-stars with a zinc oxide nano-stubs overlayer based supercapacitor colors a polyaniline//tungsten oxide electrochromic device. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Samanta A, Chen H, Samanta P, Popov S, Sychugov I, Berglund LA. Reversible Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Chromic Transparent Wood Biocomposites for Smart Window Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:3270-3277. [PMID: 33415982 PMCID: PMC7821267 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Transparent wood (TW)-based composites are of significant interest for smart window applications. In this research, we demonstrate a facile dual-stimuli-responsive chromic TW where optical properties are reversibly controlled in response to changes in temperature and UV-radiation. For this functionality, bleached wood was impregnated with solvent-free thiol and ene monomers containing chromic components, consisting of a mixture of thermo- and photoresponsive chromophores, and was then UV-polymerized. Independent optical properties of individual chromic components were retained in the compositional mixture. This allowed to enhance the absolute optical transmission to 4 times above the phase change temperature. At the same time, the transmission at 550 nm could be reduced 11-77%, on exposure to UV by changing the concentration of chromic components. Chromic components were localized inside the lumen of the wood structure, and durable reversible optical properties were demonstrated by multiple cycling testing. In addition, the chromic TW composites showed reversible energy absorption capabilities for heat storage applications and demonstrated an enhancement of 64% in the tensile modulus as compared to a native thiol-ene polymer. This study elucidates the polymerization process and effect of chromic components distribution and composition on the material's performance and perspectives toward the development of smart photoresponsive windows with energy storage capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Samanta
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Stockholm 114 19, Sweden
| | - Hui Chen
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
| | - Pratick Samanta
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
| | - Sergei Popov
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Stockholm 114 19, Sweden
| | - Ilya Sychugov
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Stockholm 114 19, Sweden
| | - Lars A. Berglund
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Stockholm 114 19, Sweden
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden
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Zimmer A, Tresse M, Stein N, Horwat D, Boulanger C. Towards enhanced durability of electrochromic WO3 interfaced with liquid or ceramic sodium-based electrolytes. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Gok EC, Yildirim MO, Eren E, Oksuz AU. Comparison of Machine Learning Models on Performance of Single- and Dual-Type Electrochromic Devices. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:23257-23267. [PMID: 32954176 PMCID: PMC7495761 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study shows that the model fitting based on machine learning (ML) from experimental data can successfully predict the electrochromic characteristics of single- and dual-type flexible electrochromic devices (ECDs) by using tungsten trioxide (WO3) and WO3/vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), respectively. Seven different regression methods were used for experimental observations, which belong to single and dual ECDs where 80% percent was used as training data and the remaining was taken as testing data. Among the seven different regression methods, K-nearest neighbor (KNN) achieves the best results with higher coefficient of determination (R 2) score and lower root-mean-squared error (RMSE) for the bleaching state of ECDs. Furthermore, higher R 2 score and lower RMSE for the coloration state of ECDs were achieved with Gaussian process regressor. The robustness result of the ML modeling demonstrates the reliability of prediction outcomes. These results can be proposed as promising models for different energy-saving flexible electronic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ceren Gok
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
| | - Murat Onur Yildirim
- Department
of Industrial Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
| | - Esin Eren
- Department
of Energy Technologies, Innovative Technologies Application and Research
Center, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Uygun Oksuz
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
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Effect of the Ammonium Tungsten Precursor Solution with the Modification of Glycerol on Wide Band Gap WO 3 Thin Film and Its Electrochromic Properties. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11030311. [PMID: 32188131 PMCID: PMC7143774 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is a wide band gap semiconductor material, which is commonly not only used, but also investigated as a significant electrochromic layer in electrochromic devices. WO3 films have been prepared by inorganic and sol-gel free ammonium tungstate ((NH4)2WO4), with the modification of glycerol using the spin coating technique. The surface tension, the contact angle and the dynamic viscosity of the precursor solutions demonstrated that the sample solution with a 25% volume fraction of glycerol was optimal, which was equipped to facilitate the growth of WO3 films. The thermal gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) analysis represented that the optimal sample solution transformed into the WO3 range from 220 °C to 300 °C, and the transformation of the phase structure of WO3 was taken above 300 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra analysis indicated that the composition within the film was WO3 above the 300 °C annealing temperature, and the component content of WO3 was increased with the increase in the annealing temperature. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed that WO3 films were available for the formation of the cubic and monoclinic crystal structure at 400 °C, and were preferential for growing monoclinic WO3 when annealed at 500 °C. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images showed that WO3 films prepared using ammonium tungstate with modification of the glycerol possessed less rough surface roughness in comparison with the sol-gel-prepared films. An ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV) demonstrated that the sample solution which had been annealed at 400 °C obtained a high electrochromic modulation ability roughly 40% at 700 nm wavelength, as well as the optical band gap (Eg) of the WO3 films ranged from 3.48 eV to 3.37 eV with the annealing temperature increasing.
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