1
|
Vascularized Tissue Organoids. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020124. [PMID: 36829618 PMCID: PMC9951914 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue organoids hold enormous potential as tools for a variety of applications, including disease modeling and drug screening. To effectively mimic the native tissue environment, it is critical to integrate a microvasculature with the parenchyma and stroma. In addition to providing a means to physiologically perfuse the organoids, the microvasculature also contributes to the cellular dynamics of the tissue model via the cells of the perivascular niche, thereby further modulating tissue function. In this review, we discuss current and developing strategies for vascularizing organoids, consider tissue-specific vascularization approaches, discuss the importance of perfusion, and provide perspectives on the state of the field.
Collapse
|
2
|
Electrochemical microwell sensor with Fe-N co-doped carbon catalyst to monitor nitric oxide release from endothelial cell spheroids. ANAL SCI 2022; 38:1297-1304. [PMID: 35895213 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells have been widely used for vascular biology studies; recent progress in tissue engineering have offered three-dimensional (3D) culture systems for vascular endothelial cells which can be considered as physiologically relevant models. To facilitate the studies, we developed an electrochemical device to detect nitric oxide (NO), a key molecule in the vasculature, for the evaluation of 3D cultured endothelial cells. Using an NO-sensitive catalyst composed of Fe-N co-doped reduced graphene oxide, the real-time monitoring of NO release from the endothelial cell spheroids was demonstrated.
Collapse
|
3
|
Electrochemiluminescence imaging of cellular adhesion in vascular endothelial cells during tube formation on hydrogel scaffolds. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
4
|
Methods for vascularization and perfusion of tissue organoids. Mamm Genome 2022; 33:437-450. [PMID: 35333952 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-022-09951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue organoids or "mini organs" can be invaluable tools for understanding health and disease biology, modeling tissue dynamics, or screening potential drug candidates. Effective vascularization of these models is critical for truly representing the in vivo tissue environment. Not only is the formation of a vascular network, and ultimately a microcirculation, essential for proper distribution and exchange of oxygen and nutrients throughout larger organoids, but vascular cells dynamically communicate with other cells to modulate overall tissue behavior. Additionally, interstitial fluid flow, mediated by a perfused microvasculature, can have profound influences on tissue biology. Thus, a truly functionally and biologically relevant organoid requires a vasculature. Here, we review existing strategies for fabricating and incorporating vascular elements and perfusion within tissue organoids.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ino K, Pai HJ, Hiramoto K, Utagawa Y, Nashimoto Y, Shiku H. Electrochemical Imaging of Endothelial Permeability Using a Large-Scale Integration-Based Device. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35476-35483. [PMID: 34984279 PMCID: PMC8717544 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is important to clarify the transport of biomolecules and chemicals to tissues. Herein, we present an electrochemical imaging method for evaluating the endothelial permeability. In this method, the diffusion of electrochemical tracers, [Fe(CN)6]4-, through a monolayer of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was monitored using a large-scale integration-based device containing 400 electrodes. In conventional tracer-based assays, tracers that diffuse through an HUVEC monolayer into another channel are detected. In contrast, the present method does not employ separated channels. In detail, a HUVEC monolayer is immersed in a solution containing [Fe(CN)6]4- on the device. As [Fe(CN)6]4- is oxidized and consumed at the packed electrodes, [Fe(CN)6]4- begins to diffuse through the monolayer from the bulk solution to the electrodes and the obtained currents depend on the endothelial permeability. As a proof-of-concept, the effects of histamine on the monolayer were monitored. Also, an HUVEC monolayer was cocultured with cancer spheroids, and the endothelial permeability was monitored to evaluate the metastasis of the cancer spheroids. Unlike conventional methods, the device can provide spatial information, allowing the interaction between the monolayer and the spheroids to be monitored. The developed method is a promising tool for organs-on-a-chip and drug screening in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ino
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hao-Jen Pai
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku
University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kaoru Hiramoto
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku
University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Utagawa
- Graduate
School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku
University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Frontier
Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Akasaka R, Ozawa M, Nashimoto Y, Ino K, Shiku H. Ion Conductance-Based Perfusability Assay of Vascular Vessel Models in Microfluidic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1491. [PMID: 34945341 PMCID: PMC8705798 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel methodology based on ion conductance to evaluate the perfusability of vascular vessels in microfluidic devices without microscopic imaging. The devices consisted of five channels, with the center channel filled with fibrin/collagen gel containing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Fibroblasts were cultured in the other channels to improve the vascular network formation. To form vessel structures bridging the center channel, HUVEC monolayers were prepared on both side walls of the gel. During the culture, the HUVECs migrated from the monolayer and connected to the HUVECs in the gel, and vascular vessels formed, resulting in successful perfusion between the channels after culturing for 3-5 d. To evaluate perfusion without microscopic imaging, Ag/AgCl wires were inserted into the channels, and ion currents were obtained to measure the ion conductance between the channels separated by the HUVEC monolayers. As the HUVEC monolayers blocked the ion current flow, the ion currents were low before vessel formation. In contrast, ion currents increased after vessel formation because of creation of ion current paths. Thus, the observed ion currents were correlated with the perfusability of the vessels, indicating that they can be used as indicators of perfusion during vessel formation in microfluidic devices. The developed methodology will be used for drug screening using organs-on-a-chip containing vascular vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rise Akasaka
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan;
| | - Masashi Ozawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.N.)
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.N.)
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Utagawa Y, Hiramoto K, Nashimoto Y, Ino K, Shiku H. In vitro electrochemical assays for vascular cells and organs. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Utagawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
| | - Kaoru Hiramoto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
| | - Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University Aoba‐ku Sendai Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou L, Kasai N, Nakajima H, Kato S, Mao S, Uchiyama K. In Situ Single-Cell Stimulation and Real-Time Electrochemical Detection of Lactate Response Using a Microfluidic Probe. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8680-8686. [PMID: 34107213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism of a single cell, even within the same organization, differs from other cells by orders of magnitude. Single-cell analysis provides key information for early diagnosis of cancer as well as drug screening. Any slight change in the microenvironment may affect the state of a single cell. Timely and effective cell monitoring is conducive to better understand the behavior of single cells. The immediate response of a single cell described in this study is a liquid transfer-based approach for real-time electrochemical detection. The cell was in situ stimulated by continuous flow with glucose, and lactate secreted from the cell would diffuse into the microflow. The microflow was aspirated into the detection channel where lactate was then decomposed by coupled enzyme reactions and detected by an electrode. This work provides a novel approach for detecting lactate response from a single cell by noninvasive measurements, and the position resolution of the microfluidic probe reaches the level of a single cell and permits individual heterogeneity in cells to be explored in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer as well as in many other situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji-shi 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kasai
- University Education Center, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji-shi 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hizuru Nakajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji-shi 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shungo Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji-shi 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sifeng Mao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji-shi 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsumi Uchiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji-shi 192-0397, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Recent Advances in Electrochemiluminescence-Based Systems for Mammalian Cell Analysis. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11050530. [PMID: 32456040 PMCID: PMC7281524 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cell analysis is essential in the context of both fundamental studies and clinical applications. Among the various techniques available for cell analysis, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has attracted significant attention due to its integration of both electrochemical and spectroscopic methods. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the ECL-based systems developed for mammalian cell analysis. The review begins with a summary of the developments in luminophores that opened the door to ECL applications for biological samples. Secondly, ECL-based imaging systems are introduced as an emerging technique to visualize single-cell morphologies and intracellular molecules. In the subsequent section, the ECL sensors developed in the past decade are summarized, the use of which made the highly sensitive detection of cell-derived molecules possible. Although ECL immunoassays are well developed in terms of commercial use, the sensing of biomolecules at a single-cell level remains a challenge. Emphasis is therefore placed on ECL sensors that directly detect cellular molecules from small portions of cells or even single cells. Finally, the development of bipolar electrode devices for ECL cell assays is introduced. To conclude, the direction of research in this field and its application prospects are described.
Collapse
|