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Shafiee FN, Mohd Noor SA, Mohd Abdah MAA, Jamal SH, Samsuri A. Recent progress on hard carbon and other anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29512. [PMID: 38699753 PMCID: PMC11063408 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of intermittent renewable energy sources into a consistently controlled power transmission system hinges on advancements in energy storage technologies. Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are emerging as a primary and viable alternative material due to their electrochemical activity, presenting a potential replacement for the next generation of lithium-ion battery (LIB) energy storage materials. However, this transition may necessitate significant alterations in the anode material, given the incompatibility of the current anode with sodium ions and the electrolyte. This review provides a comprehensive summary of various anode materials employed in SIBs, categorized according to their storage mechanisms. Additionally, it explores the growing focus on utilizing hard carbon as an anode material, driven by factors such as its relatively high specific capacity compared to graphite, cost-effective production, and eco-friendly properties as it can be derived from biomass. The review further addresses recent progress in hard carbon, detailing production methods, modifications, challenges, limitations in integrating hard carbon into the anode of SIBs, and suggests potential directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Nabilah Shafiee
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Tropicalisation, Defence Research Institute, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aminah Mohd Noor
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Tropicalisation, Defence Research Institute, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Hasnawati Jamal
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Tropicalisation, Defence Research Institute, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alinda Samsuri
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Tropicalisation, Defence Research Institute, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Guo M, Zhang H, Huang Z, Li W, Zhang D, Gao C, Gao F, He P, Wang J, Chen W, Chen X, Terrones M, Wang Y. Liquid Template Assisted Activation for "Egg Puff"-Like Hard Carbon toward High Sodium Storage Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302583. [PMID: 37236201 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The slow solid diffusion dynamics of sodium ions and the side-reaction of sodium metal plating at low potential in the hard carbon anode of sodium ion batteries (SIBs) pose significant challenges to the safety manipulation of high-rate batteries. Herein, a simple yet powerful fabricating method is reported on for "egg puff"-like hard carbon with few N doping using rosin as a precursor via liquid salt template-assisted and potassium hydroxide dual activation. The as-synthesized hard carbon delivers promising electrochemical properties in the ether-based electrolyte especially at high rates, based on the absorption mechanism of fast charge transfer. The optimized hard carbon exhibits a high specific capacity of 367 mAh g-1 at 0.05 A g-1 and 92.9% initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), 183 mAh g-1 at 10 A g-1 , and ultra-long cycle stability of reversible discharge capacity of 151 mAh g-1 after 12,000 cycles at 5 A g-1 with the average coulombic efficiency of ≈99% and the decay of 0.0026% per cycle. These studies will undoubtedly provide an effective and practical strategy for advanced hard carbon anode of SIBs based on adsorption mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Guo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- College of Chemistry & Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Dingyue Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Caiqing Gao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Fan Gao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ping He
- China Carbon Black Institute, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Jiagui Wang
- China Carbon Black Institute, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- College of Chemistry & Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xianchun Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yanqing Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Li R, Kamali AR. Carbonization of Corn Leaf Waste for Na-Ion Storage Application Using Water-Soluble Carboxymethyl Cellulose Binder. Gels 2023; 9:701. [PMID: 37754383 PMCID: PMC10530741 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hard carbon materials are considered to be the most practical anode materials for sodium ion batteries because of the rich availability of their resources and potentially low cost. Here, the conversion of corn leaf biomass, a largely available agricultural waste, into carbonaceous materials for Na-ion storage application is reported. Thermal analysis investigation determines the presence of exothermic events occurring during the thermal treatment of the biomass. Accordingly, various temperatures of 400, 500, and 600 °C are selected to perform carbonization treatment trials, leading to the formation of various biocarbons. The materials obtained are characterized by a combination of methods, including X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, surface evaluation, Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical characterizations. The Na-ion storage performances of these materials are investigated using water-soluble carboxymethyl cellulose binder, highlighting the influence of the carbonization temperature on the electrochemical performance of biocarbons. Moreover, the influence of post-mechanochemical treatment on the Na-ion storage performance of biocarbons is studied through kinetic evaluations. It is confirmed that reducing the particle sizes and increasing the carbon purity of biocarbons and the formation of gel polymeric networks would improve the Na-ion storage capacity, as well as the pseudocapacitive contribution to the total current. At a high-current density of 500 mA g-1, a specific Na-ion storage capacity of 134 mAh g-1 is recorded on the biocarbon prepared at 600 °C, followed by ball-milling and washing treatment, exhibiting a reduced charge transfer resistance of 49 Ω and an improved Na-ion diffusion coefficient of 4.8 × 10-19 cm2 s-1. This article proposes a simple and effective technique for the preparation of low-cost biocarbons to be used as the anode of Na-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Reza Kamali
- Energy and Environmental Materials Research Centre (E2MC), School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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Haroon H, Wahid M, Majid K. Structure‐Activity Relationships of a Ni‐MOF, a Ni‐MOF‐rGO, and pyrolyzed Ni/C@rGO Structures for Sodium‐ ion Batteries. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haamid Haroon
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Srinagar,190006 INDIA
| | - Malik Wahid
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Srinagar,190006 INDIA
- IDREAM Centre National Institute of Technology Srinagar, 190006 INDIA
| | - Kowsar Majid
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Srinagar,190006 INDIA
- IDREAM Centre National Institute of Technology Srinagar, 190006 INDIA
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On the Road to Sustainable Energy Storage Technologies: Synthesis of Anodes for Na-Ion Batteries from Biowaste. BATTERIES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/batteries8040028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hard carbon is one of the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. In this work, new types of biomass-derived hard carbons were obtained through pyrolysis of different kinds of agro-industrial biowaste (corncob, apple pomace, olive mill solid waste, defatted grape seed and dried grape skin). Furthermore, the influence of pretreating the biowaste samples by hydrothermal carbonization and acid hydrolysis was also studied. Except for the olive mill solid waste, discharge capacities typical of biowaste-derived hard carbons were obtained in every case (≈300 mAh·g−1 at C/15). Furthermore, it seems that hydrothermal carbonization could improve the discharge capacity of biowaste samples derived from different nature at high cycling rates, which are the closest conditions to real applications.
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Fitzpatrick JR, Costa SIR, Tapia-Ruiz N. Sodium-Ion Batteries: Current Understanding of the Sodium Storage Mechanism in Hard Carbons : Optimising properties to speed commercialisation. JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1595/205651322x16250408525547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) have been explored as an alternative technology to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their cost-effectiveness and promise in mitigating the energy crisis we currently face. Similarities between both battery systems have enabled fast development
of NIBs, however, their full commercialisation has been delayed due to the lack of an appropriate anode material. Hard carbons (HCs) arise as one of the most promising materials and are already used in the first generation of commercial NIBs. Although promising, HCs exhibit lower performance
compared to commercial graphite used as an anode in LIBs in terms of reversible specific capacity, operating voltage, initial coulombic efficiency and cycling stability. Nevertheless, these properties vary greatly depending on the HC in question, for example surface area, porosity, degree
of graphitisation and defect amount, which in turn are dependent on the synthesis method and precursor used. Optimisation of these properties will bring forward the widespread commercialisation of NIBs at a competitive level with current LIBs. This review aims to provide a brief overview of
the current understanding of the underlying reaction mechanisms occurring in the state-of-the-art HC anode material as well as their structure-property interdependence. We expect to bring new insights into the engineering of HC materials to achieve optimal, or at least, comparable electrochemical
performance to that of graphite in LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara I. R. Costa
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Nuria Tapia-Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
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Lau VWH, Kim JB, Zou F, Kang YM. Elucidating the charge storage mechanism of carbonaceous and organic electrode materials for sodium ion batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13465-13494. [PMID: 34853843 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04925a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sodium ion batteries (SIB) have received much research attention in the past decades as they are considered to be one alternative to the currently prevalent lithium ion batteries, and carbonaceous and organic compounds present two promising classes of SIB electrode materials advantaged by abundance of their constituent elements and reduced environmental footprints. To accelerate the development of these materials for SIB applications, future research directions must be guided by a thorough understanding of the charge storage mechanism. This review presents recent efforts in mechanism elucidation for these two classes of SIB electrode materials since, compared to their inorganic counterparts, they have unique challenges in material analysis. Topics covered will include characterization techniques and analytical frameworks for mechanism elucidation, emphasizing the advantages and limitations of individual experimental methodologies and providing a commentary on scientific rigor in result interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Wing-Hei Lau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Korea Center for Smart Materials and Devices, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Bum Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Feng Zou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Mook Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea. .,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Li X, Deng R, Li Q, Lin D, Wei X, Liu X, Jiang N, Huo Y, Xie F, Zheng Q. Metal-Organic Framework-Derived ZnSe- and Co 0.85Se-Filled Porous Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanocubes Interconnected by Reduced Graphene Oxide for Sodium-Ion Battery Anodes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11693-11702. [PMID: 34265202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal selenides have been considered as one of the most promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity and excellent rate performance. However, rapid capacity decay and poor cycling stability limit their practical application as the anode for SIBs. Carbon coating is one of the most effective ways to solve the above problems, but the thickness and uniformity of the coating layer are difficult to control. Herein, we successfully synthesize metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived porous N-doped carbon nanocubes homogeneously filled with ZnSe and Co0.85Se and interconnected by reduced graphene oxide (ZCS@NC@rGO). ZCS@NC@rGO with more active sites and the synergistic effect of the ZnSe and Co0.85Se heterojunction can enhance the sodium storage performance. The porous carbon nanocubes effectively prevent the agglomeration of active particles, and the rGO acting as a carbon network can significantly buffer the inevitable volume changes. At the same time, carbon nanocubes and the rGO are interconnecting to form a conductive network to accelerate electron transfer. Based on the aforementioned advantages, the ZCS@NC@rGO electrode shows an excellent sodium storage performance. Our investigation opens up a new horizon for the rational design of transition-metal selenide anodes for SIBs with a unique structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, P. R. China
| | - Ransha Deng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, P. R. China
| | - Qingping Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, P. R. China
| | - Dunmin Lin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, P. R. China
| | - Xijun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, P. R. China
| | - Na Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, P. R. China
| | - Yu Huo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, P. R. China
| | - Fengyu Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoji Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, P. R. China
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Ma L, Li J, Li Z, Ji Y, Mai W, Wang H. Ultra-Stable Potassium Ion Storage of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanofiber Derived from Bacterial Cellulose. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1130. [PMID: 33925495 PMCID: PMC8145622 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
As a promising energy storage system, potassium (K) ion batteries (KIBs) have received extensive attention due to the abundance of potassium resource in the Earth's crust and the similar properties of K to Li. However, the electrode always presents poor stability for K-ion storage due to the large radius of K-ions. In our work, we develop a nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber (N-CNF) derived from bacterial cellulose by a simple pyrolysis process, which allows ultra-stable K-ion storage. Even at a large current density of 1 A g-1, our electrode exhibits a reversible specific capacity of 81 mAh g-1 after 3000 cycles for KIBs, with a capacity retention ratio of 71%. To investigate the electrochemical enhancement performance of our N-CNF, we provide the calculation results according to density functional theory, demonstrating that nitrogen doping in carbon is in favor of the K-ion adsorption during the potassiation process. This behavior will contribute to the enhancement of electrochemical performance for KIBs. In addition, our electrode exhibits a low voltage plateau during the potassiation-depotassiation process. To further evaluate this performance, we calculate the "relative energy density" for comparison. The results illustrate that our electrode presents a high "relative energy density", indicating that our N-CNF is a promising anode material for KIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Jinliang Li
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Zhibin Li
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Yingying Ji
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Wenjie Mai
- Siyuan Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Materials, Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Hao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
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