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Wang X, Jia C, Wang S, Dong Y. Coreactant-free strong Ru(bpy) 32+ ECL at ionic liquid modified electrode and its application in sensitive detection of glucose based on resonance energy transfer. Talanta 2024; 270:125584. [PMID: 38142614 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have realized the strong anodic ECL emission of Ru(bpy)32+ at ionic liquid (N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate) modified electrode without additional coreactant. Methylene blue (MB) could accept the energy of Ru(bpy)32+ ECL to construct resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) system, leading to the decrease of ECL signal. In the presence of glucose oxidase, hydrogen peroxide generated from the oxidation process of glucose could oxidize MB and block the ECL-RET route, resulting in the recovery of ECL signal. As a consequence, the designed sensor showed outstanding performance for "signal-on" detection of glucose in the concentration range of 10 μM to 1 mM, and the detection limit was determined as 1.75 μM. Importantly, this study revealed new roles of ILs in the fabrication of coreactant-free ECL sensing, which might open up a promising route for the potential design and implement in clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Institute of Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, China.
| | - Changbo Jia
- Institute of Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, China
| | - Shangbing Wang
- Institute of Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, China.
| | - Yongping Dong
- Institute of Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, China.
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Sornambigai M, Bouffier L, Sojic N, Kumar SS. Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium (II) complex as a universal reagent for the fabrication of heterogeneous electrochemiluminescence platforms and its recent analytical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5875-5898. [PMID: 37507465 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has received enormous attention and has emerged as one of the most successful tools in the field of analytical science. Compared with homogeneous ECL, the heterogeneous (or solid-state) ECL has enhanced the rate of the electron transfer kinetics and offers rapid response time, which is highly beneficial in point-of-care and clinical applications. In ECL, the luminophore is the key element, which dictates the overall performance of the ECL-based sensors in various analytical applications. Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium (II) complex, Ru(bpy)32+, is a coordination compound, which is the gold-standard luminophore in ECL. It has played a key role in translating ECL from a "laboratory curiosity" to a commercial analytical instrument for diagnosis. The aim of the present review is to provide the principles of ECL and classical reaction mechanisms-particularly involving the heterogeneous Ru(bpy)32+/co-reactant ECL systems, as well as the fabrication methods and its importance over solution-phase Ru(bpy)32+ ECL. Then, we discussed the emerging technology in solid-state Ru(bpy)32+ ECL-sensing platforms and their recent potential analytical applications such as in immunoassay sensors, DNA sensors, aptasensors, bio-imaging, latent fingerprint detection, point-of-care testing, and detection of non-biomolecules. Finally, we also briefly cover the recent advances in solid-state Ru(bpy)32+ ECL coupled with the hyphenated techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathavan Sornambigai
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR-CECRI) Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France.
| | - Shanmugam Senthil Kumar
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR-CECRI) Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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He S, Liu Q, Ji Y, Zhang P, Huang C, Sun J, Lu Y, Yang DP, Jia N. An ultrasensitive cathodic electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for thrombomodulin based on Ru(bpy) 32+ encapsulated by MIL-NH 2-101(Al) nanocomposites. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7789-7796. [PMID: 36069309 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01076c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapid and reliable determination of thrombomodulin (TM) is of great significance for the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombosis and others. This work exhibits an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) sensor, which was prepared using Ru(bpy)32+ encapsulated by MIL-NH2-101(Al) nanocomposites for the sensitive detection of the new-thrombus marker thrombomodulin (TM) for the first time. Specifically, on one hand, with the advantages of high specific surface area, large hollow porous structure and favorable biocompatibility, MIL-NH2-101(Al) could load a large amount of luminescent Ru(bpy)32+ and thereby greatly enhance the ECL signal of the immunosensor. On the other hand, K2S2O8 is used as co-reactant to form a reduction-oxidation ECL system for cathodic ECL detection with strong anti-interference capacity. The experimental results show that the ECL signal intensity of the Ru(bpy)32+@MIL-NH2-101(Al)-based immunosensor decreased with the immunocapturing of TM, exhibiting a linear detection concentration ranging from 1 × 10-5 to 10 μg mL-1 and the limit of detection (LOD) of 8.2 × 10-6 μg mL-1 (S/N = 3). With its ideal stability, selectivity and reproducibility, the proposed ECL immunosensor can provide excellent aid and shows great promise for the detection of TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang He
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, P. R. China. .,College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Qiaoling Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362400, Fujian Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ji
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chusen Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yao Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Da-Peng Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, P. R. China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362400, Fujian Province, P. R. China
| | - Nengqin Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, P. R. China. .,College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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Novel nanocomposite of spiky-shaped gold nanourchins/ titanium dioxide/nafion for amplified signal and efficient electrochemiluminescence detection of ovomucoid. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 147:108172. [PMID: 35716580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on the first electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor employing a novel nanostructured composite of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and gold nanourchins (AuNU) to detect protein allergen Ovomucoid (Ovm) found in eggs. TiO2 and AuNU were dispersed in Nafion and drop-casted onto SPGE with Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)-ruthenium (II) ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) and tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) served as strong luminophore/co-reactant pairs as a source of ECL signals. The linear range, limit of detection, reproducibility and practical applications of the sensor were assessed. The fabricated ECL immuosensor produced a promising limit of detection of as low as 0.01 pg/mL. Two linear ranges of 0.01-50 pg/mL and 100-750 pg/mL with corresponding correlation coefficients of R2 = 0.99136 and R2 = 0.97829) respectively, were determined. Despite its simple fabrication method, this label-free immunosensor also showcased excellent selectivity, reproducibility, interference-resistance and yielded outstanding recoveries between 97.42 and 104.05% of Ovm analysis in spiked real food samples.
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Kurup CP, Mohd-Naim NF, Ahmed MU. A solid-state electrochemiluminescence aptasensor for β-lactoglobulin using Ru-AuNP/GNP/Naf nanocomposite-modified printed sensor. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:165. [PMID: 35355134 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor for the detection of the milk protein allergen β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) using nanocomposite as luminophore was fabricated. The Ru-AuNPs/GNP/Naf complex was formed by combining the Rubpy32+-AuNPs complex (Ru-AuNPs), prepared by modifying the negatively charged surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with positively charged Rubpy32+ through electrostatic interactions and the graphene nanoplatelets-Nafion (GNP/Naf) at a ratio of 2:1. The nanocomposite was coated on the surface of the screen-printed electrode (SPCE) through the film-forming properties of Nafion. A layer of chitosan (CS) was coated onto this modified electrode, and later amine-terminated β-LG aptamers were covalently attached to the CS/Ru-AuNP/GNP/Naf via glutaraldehyde (GLUT) cross-linking. When β-LG was incubated with the aptasensor, a subsequent decrease in ECL intensity was recorded. Under the optimal conditions, the ECL intensity of the aptasensor changed linearly with the logarithmic concentration of β-LG, in the range 0.1 to 1000 pg/ml, and the detection limit was 0.02 pg/mL (3σ/m). The constructed aptasensor displayed simple and fast determination of β-LG with excellent reproducibility, stability, and high specificity. Additionally, the proposed ECL aptasensor displayed high recoveries (92.5-112%) and low coefficients of variation (1.6-7.8%), when β-LG fortified samples were analyzed. Integrating Ru-AuNPs/GNP/Naf nanocomposite in the ECL aptasensor paves the way towards a cost-effective and sensitive detection of the milk allergen β-LG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Padmakumari Kurup
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Integrated Science Building, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, 1410, BE, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Noor Faizah Mohd-Naim
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, 1410, BE, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Minhaz Uddin Ahmed
- Biosensors and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Integrated Science Building, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, 1410, BE, Brunei Darussalam.
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Zhao XH, Shang L, Zhang W, Jia LP, Ma RN, Wang HS. Sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen based on a low-potential-triggered electrochemiluminescence of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) with oxalate as coreactant. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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