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de Godoy HA, Faria AM, Roza NAV, Bach-Toledo L, Simabuco FM, Scharlack NK, de Oliveira RB, Antunes AEC, Arthur R, Mazon T. Point-of-Care Electrochemical Immunosensor Applied against Nosocomial Infection: Staphylococcus aureus Detection in Human Hand Skin. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1949-1957. [PMID: 38741263 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that causes nosocomial infections, resulting in unacceptable morbidity and mortality rates. In this work, we proposed the construction of a nanostructured ZnO-based electrochemical immunosensor for qualitative and semiquantitative detection of S. aureus using simple methods for growing zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) on a sensor board and immobilizing the anti-S. aureus antibody on ZnO NRs through cystamine and glutaraldehyde. The immunosensor detected S. aureus in the 103-107 colony-forming unit (CFU) mL-1 range and showed a limit of detection (LoD) around 0.792 × 103 CFU mL-1. Beyond a satisfactory LoD, the developed immunosensor presented other advantages, such as high versatility for point-of-care assays and a suitable selective factor that admits the detection of the S. aureus concentration range in human hand skin after washing. Moreover, the immunosensor showed the potential to be an excellent device to control nosocomial infection by detecting the presence of S. aureus in human hand skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Alves de Godoy
- School of Technology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13484-332 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Macedo Faria
- Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer, CTI, 13069-901 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Bach-Toledo
- Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer, CTI, 13069-901 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Nayara Kastem Scharlack
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rangel Arthur
- School of Technology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13484-332 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita Mazon
- Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer, CTI, 13069-901 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Zhang J, Fei C, Qi S, Fu J, Zhou S, Wang Z, Li J, Zhao Y, Wu D. The toxicity response of the electrochemical signal of the cell to the drug metabolized by the S9 system. Analyst 2024; 149:1921-1928. [PMID: 38375539 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00010b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical detection method of cytotoxicity using intracellular purines as biomarkers has shown great potential for in vitro drug toxicity evaluation. However, no electrochemical detection system based on an in vitro drug metabolism mechanism has been devised. In this paper, electrochemical voltammetry was used to investigate the effect of the S9 system on the electrochemical behavior of HepG2 cells, and benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene were employed to investigate the sensitivity of electrochemical signals of cells to the cytotoxicity of drugs metabolized by the S9 system. The results showed that, within 8 h of exposure to the S9 system, the electrochemical signal of HepG2 cells at 0.7 V did not alter noticeably. The levels of xanthine, guanine, hypoxanthine, and adenine in the cells were not significantly altered. Compared with the absence of S9 system metabolism, benzo[a]pyrene and fluoranthene processed by the S9 system decreased the electrochemical signal of the cells in a dose-dependent manner, while pyrene did not change it appreciably. HPLC also revealed that benzo[a]pyrene and fluoranthene metabolized by the S9 system decreased the intracellular purine levels, whereas pyrene had no effect on them before and after S9 system metabolism. The cytotoxicity results of the three drugs examined by electrochemical voltammetry and MTT assay showed a strong correlation and good agreement. The S9 system had no effect on the intracellular purine levels or the electrochemical signal of cells. When the drug was metabolized by the S9 system, variations in cytotoxicity could be precisely detected by electrochemical voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P. R. China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Chaoqun Fei
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P. R. China.
| | - Shulan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P. R. China.
| | - Shi Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P. R. China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
- College of Biology and Agriculture, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P. R. China
| | - Jinlian Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P. R. China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P. R. China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154007, P. R. China.
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Pharmacotoxicological Evaluation, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
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Zhang T, Zhang H. Electrochemical analysis for the rapid screening of copper-tolerant bacteria. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 148:108276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tibbits G, Mohamed A, Call DR, Beyenal H. Rapid differentiation of antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant bacteria through mediated extracellular electron transfer. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 197:113754. [PMID: 34773749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for testing antibiotic susceptibility rely on bacterial growth on agar plates (diffusion assays) or in liquid culture (microdilution assays). These time-consuming assays use population growth as a proxy for cellular respiration. Herein we propose to use mediated extracellular electron transfer as a rapid and direct method to classify antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant bacteria. We tested antibiotics with diverse mechanisms of action (ciprofloxacin, imipenem, oxacillin, or tobramycin) with four important nosocomial pathogens (Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) by adding the bacterial culture to a custom-designed electrochemical cell with a glassy-carbon electrode and growth media supplemented with a soluble electron transfer mediator, phenazine methosulfate (PMS). During cell respiration, liberated electrons reduce PMS, which is then oxidized on the electrode surface, and current is recorded. Using this novel approach, we were able to consistently classify strains as antibiotic-resistant or -susceptible in <90 min for methodology development and <150 min for blinded tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Tibbits
- The Gene and Linda Voil and School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Abdelrhman Mohamed
- The Gene and Linda Voil and School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Douglas R Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voil and School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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