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Paramasivam G, Palem VV, Meenakshy S, Suresh LK, Gangopadhyay M, Antherjanam S, Sundramoorthy AK. Advances on carbon nanomaterials and their applications in medical diagnosis and drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 241:114032. [PMID: 38905812 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials are indispensable due to their unique properties of high electrical conductivity, mechanical strength and thermal stability, which makes them important nanomaterials in biomedical applications and waste management. Limitations of conventional nanomaterials, such as limited surface area, difficulty in fine tuning electrical or thermal properties and poor dispersibility, calls for the development of advanced nanomaterials to overcome such limitations. Commonly, carbon nanomaterials were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), laser ablation or arc discharge methods. The advancement in these techniques yielded monodispersed carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and allows p-type and n-type doping to enhance its electrical and catalytic activities. The functionalized CNTs showed exceptional mechanical, electrical and thermal conductivity (3500-5000 W/mK) properties. On the other hand, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) exhibit strong photoluminescence properties with high quantum yield. Carbon nanohorns are another fascinating type of nanomaterial that exhibit a unique structure with high surface area and excellent adsorption properties. These carbon nanomaterials could improve waste management by adsorbing pollutants from water and soil, enabling precise environmental monitoring, while enhancing wastewater treatment and drug delivery systems. Herein, we have discussed the potentials of all these carbon nanomaterials in the context of innovative waste management solutions, fostering cleaner environments and healthier ecosystems for diverse biomedical applications such as biosensing, drug delivery, and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Paramasivam
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India.
| | - Vishnu Vardhan Palem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641022 India
| | - Simi Meenakshy
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Lakshmi Krishnaa Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Moumita Gangopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Santhy Antherjanam
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala 690525, India
| | - Ashok K Sundramoorthy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, No.162, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India.
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Wu Y, Yu Y, Shen W, Jiang Y, He R, Li M. Anion-induced electronic localization and polarized cobalt clusters for highly efficient water splitting. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5633-5642. [PMID: 37753534 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01130e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
It is a promising pathway to use anions to regulate electronic structures, reasonably design and construct highly efficient catalysts for water splitting. Herein, a N-regulated Co cluster catalyst confined in carbon nanotubes, N-Co NCNTs, was constructed successfully. Nitrogen anions played a crucial role in optimizing the electronic structures of Co clusters and enhancing localization of electrons, resulting in polarized cobalt clusters. The N-induced electronic localization and the resulting polarized Co clusters are responsible for the improvement of catalytic activity. N-Co NCNTs exhibited ultra-low overpotentials of 178 mV and 92 mV for the OER and HER to achieve 10 mA cm-2 in an alkaline electrolyte, respectively. Its long-term catalytic durability is mainly attributed to the obstacle to the surface oxidation of Co clusters caused by N-regulation. N-Co NCNTs maintained a stable current density for 160 h at 10 mA cm-2. DFT computations confirmed the decisive role played by nitrogen anions in regulating the electronic structure. This work provides a pathway for understanding and designing highly efficient anion-regulated catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Yanli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Yimin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Rongxing He
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
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Yang W, Li H, Li P, Xie L, Liu Y, Cao Z, Tian C, Wang CA, Xie Z. Facile Synthesis of Co Nanoparticles Embedded in N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes/Graphitic Nanosheets as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting. Molecules 2023; 28:6709. [PMID: 37764484 PMCID: PMC10535278 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing robust and cost-effective electrocatalysts to boost hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) and oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) is crucially important to electrocatalytic water splitting. Herein, bifunctional electrocatalysts, by coupling Co nanoparticles and N-doped carbon nanotubes/graphitic nanosheets (Co@NCNTs/NG), were successfully synthesized via facile high-temperature pyrolysis and evaluated for water splitting. The morphology and particle size of products were influenced by the precursor type of the cobalt source (cobalt oxide or cobalt nitrate). The pyrolysis product prepared using cobalt oxide as a cobalt source (Co@NCNTs/NG-1) exhibited the smaller particle size and higher specific surface area than that of the pyrolysis products prepared using cobalt nitrate as a cobalt source (Co@NCNTs/NG-2). Notably, Co@NCNTs/NG-1 displayed much lower potential -0.222 V vs. RHE for HER and 1.547 V vs. RHE for OER at the benchmark current density of 10 mA cm-2 than that of Co@NCNTs/NG-2, which indicates the higher bifunctional catalytic activities of Co@NCNTs/NG-1. The water-splitting device using Co@NCNTs/NG-1 as both an anode and cathode demonstrated a potential of 1.92 V to attain 10 mA cm-2 with outstanding stability for 100 h. This work provides a facile pyrolysis strategy to explore highly efficient and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, China
| | - Han Li
- Institute of New Energy Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, China
| | - Pengzhang Li
- Institute of New Energy Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, China
| | - Linhua Xie
- Institute of New Energy Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, China
| | - Yumin Liu
- Institute of New Energy Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, China
| | - Zhenbao Cao
- Institute of New Energy Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, China
| | - Chuanjin Tian
- Institute of New Energy Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, China
| | - Chang-An Wang
- Institute of New Energy Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, China
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhipeng Xie
- Institute of New Energy Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic University, Jingdezhen 333403, China
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Zhang X, Zhao K, Li H, Li Y, Yang W, Liu J, Li D. Plasma-assisted synthesis of hierarchical defect N-doped iron–cobalt sulfide@Co foam as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d3nj00675a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
N-doped CoFeS was synthesized via an ion exchange method to prepare a precursor, followed by sulphidation and plasma-assisted engraving in nitrogen gas.
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Effect of Fe doping on Co-S/carbon cloth as bifunctional electrocatalyst for enhanced water splitting. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sandwich-like superstructure of in-situ self-assembled hetero-structured carbon nanocomposite for improving electrocatalytic oxygen reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 616:34-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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The Heterojunction of Ni and Co9S8 was Synthesized and Anchored on Carbon Nanotubes to Improve the Performance of Water Electrolysis. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ashok A, Kumar A, Saad MAS, Al-Marri MJ. Electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 over in-situ grown Cu microstructures on Cu and Zn foils. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sun RM, Zhang L, Feng JJ, Fang KM, Wang AJ. In situ produced Co 9S 8 nanoclusters/Co/Mn-S, N multi-doped 3D porous carbon derived from eriochrome black T as an effective bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn-air batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:2100-2110. [PMID: 34763290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Construction of high-efficiency, low cost and stable non-noble metal catalyst on air cathode is of great importance for design and assembly of rechargeable Zn-air battery. Eriochrome black T (EBT) has phenolic hydroxyl and -N=Ν- groups, which provides multiple coordination sites for metal ions. Herein, Co9S8 nanoclusters implanted in Co/Mn-S,N multi-doped porous carbon (Co9S8@Co/Mn-S,N-PC) are fabricated with the mixture (i.e. EBT, metal precursors and dicyandiamide) by a coordination regulated pyrolysis strategy. Specifically, EBT effectively chelates with the Co and Mn ions, resulting in multiple incorporation and fine modulation of the carbon electronic structures. Meanwhile, its sulfonic acid groups are reduced at such high temperature, accompanied by simultaneously embedding S element in the carbon, ultimately in situ forming Co9S8 nanoclusters. The Co9S8@Co/Mn-S,N-PC performs as an effective bifunctional oxygen catalyst, displaying a positive half-wave potential of 0.85 V and a large limiting current density of 5.89 mA cm-2 for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media, coupled with a small overpotential of 320 mV at 10 mA cm-2 towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER), outperforming commercial Pt/C and RuO2 catalysts, respectively. Furthermore, the assembled rechargeable Zn-air battery with Co9S8@Co/Mn-S,N-PC exhibits the much better charge/discharge performance and long-term durability (210 h, 630 cycles). This research opens an instructive avenue to develop high-efficient and stable bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts in energy transformation and storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiu-Ju Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Ke-Ming Fang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Ai-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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Carbon-Based Composites as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174984. [PMID: 34501072 PMCID: PMC8434594 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review paper presents the most recent research progress on carbon-based composite electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which are of interest for application in low temperature water electrolyzers for hydrogen production. The reviewed materials are primarily investigated as active and stable replacements aimed at lowering the cost of the metal electrocatalysts in liquid alkaline electrolyzers as well as potential electrocatalysts for an emerging technology like alkaline exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzers. Low temperature electrolyzer technologies are first briefly introduced and the challenges thereof are presented. The non-carbon electrocatalysts are briefly overviewed, with an emphasis on the modes of action of different active phases. The main part of the review focuses on the role of carbon–metal compound active phase interfaces with an emphasis on the synergistic and additive effects. The procedures of carbon oxidative pretreatment and an overview of metal-free carbon catalysts for OER are presented. Then, the successful synthesis protocols of composite materials are presented with a discussion on the specific catalytic activity of carbon composites with metal hydroxides/oxyhydroxides/oxides, chalcogenides, nitrides and phosphides. Finally, a summary and outlook on carbon-based composites for low temperature water electrolysis are presented.
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