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Su H, Sun J, Wang C, Wang H. Temperature impacts on the growth of hydrogen bubbles during ultrasonic vibration-enhanced hydrogen generation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 102:106734. [PMID: 38128391 PMCID: PMC10772823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
To improve the hydrogen precipitation performance on the surface of the catalytic layer of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) hydrogen cathode, ultrasonic vibration was employed to accelerate the detachment of hydrogen bubbles on the surface of the catalytic layer. Based on the energy and mechanical analyses of nano and microbubbles, the hydrogen bubble generation mechanism and the effect of temperature on bubble parameters during the evolution process when the ultrasonic field is coupled with the electric field are investigated. The nucleation frequency of the hydrogen bubbles, the relationship between the pressure and temperature and the operating temperature during the generation and detachment of bubbles as well as the detachment radius of bubbles under the action of the ultrasonic field are obtained. The effects of ultrasound and temperature on hydrogen production were verified by visual experiments. The results show that the operating temperature affects the nucleation, growth, and detachment processes of hydrogen bubbles. The effect of temperature on the nucleation frequency of bubbles mainly comes from the Gibbs free energy required for the electrolysis reaction. The bubble radius and growth rate are both related to the temperature to the power of one-third. Ultrasonic waves enhance the separation of hydrogen bubbles from the catalyst surface by acoustic cavitation and impact effects. An increase in the working temperature reduces the activation energy barriers to be overcome for the electrolysis reaction of water, which together with a decrease in the Gibbs free energy and the surface tension coefficient, leads to an increase in the nucleation frequency of the catalytic layer and a decrease in the radius of bubble detachment, and thus improves the hydrogen precipitation performance. Visualization experiments show that in actual PEM hydrogen production, ultrasonic intensification can promote the formation of nucleation sites. The ultrasonic induced fine bubble flow not only has a drag effect on the bubble, but also intensifies the polymerization growth of the bubble due to the impact of the fine bubble flow, thus speeding up the detachment of the bubble, shortening the covering time of the hydrogen bubble on the surface of the catalytic electrode, reducing the activation voltage loss and improve the hydrogen production efficiency of PEM. The experimental results show that when the electrolyte is 60°C, the maximum hydrogen production efficiency of ultrasound is increased by 7.34%, and the average hydrogen production efficiency is increased by 5.83%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqian Su
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Building Environment and Energy Power Engineering Experimental Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jindong Sun
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Building Environment and Energy Power Engineering Experimental Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Caizhu Wang
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Building Environment and Energy Power Engineering Experimental Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Haofeng Wang
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Building Environment and Energy Power Engineering Experimental Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
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Cheng X, Du ZD, Ding Y, Li FY, Hua ZS, Liu H. Bubble Management for Electrolytic Water Splitting by Surface Engineering: A Review. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16994-17008. [PMID: 38050682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
During electrocatalytic water splitting, the management of bubbles possesses great importance to reduce the overpotential and improve the stability of the electrode. Bubble evolution is accomplished by nucleation, growth, and detachment. The expanding nucleation sites, decreasing bubble size, and timely detachment of bubbles from the electrode surface are key factors in bubble management. Recently, the surface engineering of electrodes has emerged as a promising strategy for bubble management in practical water splitting due to its reliability and efficiency. In this review, we start with a discussion of the bubble behavior on the electrodes during water splitting. Then we summarize recent progress in the management of bubbles from the perspective of surface physical (electrocatalytic surface morphology) and surface chemical (surface composition) considerations, focusing on the surface texture design, three-dimensional construction, wettability coating technology, and functional group modification. Finally, we present the principles of bubble management, followed by an insightful perspective and critical challenges for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials (Anhui University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Maanshan 243002, China
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maxiang Road, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Zhong-de Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maxiang Road, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Yu Ding
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maxiang Road, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Fu-Yu Li
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maxiang Road, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Zhong-Sheng Hua
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maxiang Road, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials (Anhui University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Maanshan 243002, China
- School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maxiang Road, Maanshan 243032, China
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Krause L, Skibińska K, Rox H, Baumann R, Marzec MM, Yang X, Mutschke G, Żabiński P, Lasagni AF, Eckert K. Hydrogen Bubble Size Distribution on Nanostructured Ni Surfaces: Electrochemically Active Surface Area Versus Wettability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:18290-18299. [PMID: 37010817 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Emerging manufacturing technologies make it possible to design the morphology of electrocatalysts on the nanoscale in order to improve their efficiency in electrolysis processes. The current work investigates the effects of electrode-attached hydrogen bubbles on the performance of electrodes depending on their surface morphology and wettability. Ni-based electrocatalysts with hydrophilic and hydrophobic nanostructures are manufactured by electrodeposition, and their surface properties are characterized. Despite a considerably larger electrochemically active surface area, electrochemical analysis reveals that the samples with more pronounced hydrophobic properties perform worse at industrially relevant current densities. High-speed imaging shows significantly larger bubble detachment radii with higher hydrophobicity, meaning that the electrode surface area that is blocked by gas is larger than the area gained by nanostructuring. Furthermore, a slight tendency toward bubble size reduction of 7.5% with an increase in the current density is observed in 1 M KOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Krause
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 14, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Skibińska
- Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
- Centrum Badań i Rozwoju Technologii dla Przemysłu S.A., Ludwika Waryńskiego 3A, 00-645 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Hannes Rox
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Baumann
- Institute of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Baehr-Straße 3c, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mateusz M Marzec
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Xuegeng Yang
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerd Mutschke
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Piotr Żabiński
- Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrés Fabián Lasagni
- Institute of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Baehr-Straße 3c, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institut für Werkstoff- und Strahltechnik IWS, Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Eckert
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 14, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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4
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Influence of the electrolyte conductivity on the critical current density and the breakdown voltage. Chin J Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Park DH, Park HK, Chung BJ. Measurements of Breakdown Voltage and Critical Current Density in a Water Electrolysis varying Area and Shape of Working Electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Huang M, Skibinska K, Zabinski P, Wojnicki M, Włoch G, Eckert K, Mutschke G. On the prospects of magnetic-field-assisted electrodeposition of nano-structured ferromagnetic layers. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Pulse Reverse Plating of Copper Micro-Structures in Magnetic Gradient Fields. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8070066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Micro-structured copper layers are obtained from pulse-reverse electrodeposition on a planar gold electrode that is magnetically patterned by magnetized iron wires underneath. 3D numerical simulations of the electrodeposition based on an adapted reaction kinetics are able to nicely reproduce the micro-structure of the deposit layer, despite the height values still remain underestimated. It is shown that the structuring is enabled by the magnetic gradient force, which generates a local flow that supports deposition and hinders dissolution in the regions of high magnetic gradients. The Lorentz force originating from radial magnetic field components near the rim of the electrode causes a circumferential cell flow. The resulting secondary flow, however, is superseded by the local flow driven by the magnetic gradient force in the vicinity of the wires. Finally, the role of solutal buoyancy effects is discussed to better understand the limitations of structured growth in different modes of deposition and cell geometries.
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Kang Z, Chen Y, Wang H, Alia SM, Pivovar BS, Bender G. Discovering and Demonstrating a Novel High-Performing 2D-Patterned Electrode for Proton-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2335-2342. [PMID: 34978183 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Proton-exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) produces hydrogen with high efficiency and purity but uses high-loading platinum-group metal (PGM) catalysts. Such concerns call for the development of novel electrode architectures to improve catalyst utilization and mass activity, thus promoting PEMWE cost competitiveness for large-scale implementation. In this study, we demonstrated, for the first time, a novel two-dimensional (2D)-patterned electrode with edge effects to address these challenges. The edge effect was induced by membrane properties, potential distribution, and counter electrode coverage and could be optimized by tuning the catalyst layer dimensions. To achieve identical PEMWE performance, the optimal pattern saved the 21% anode PGM catalyst compared with the conventional catalyst fully covered electrode. The PGM catalyst could be further reduced by 61% to boost mass activity with no significant performance loss. The results also indicated that the electrode uniformity in PEMWE cells might not be as critical as that in PEM fuel cells. The novel 2D-patterned electrode could effectively reduce PGM catalyst loading, accelerating affordable and large-scale production of hydrogen and other value-added chemicals via electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenye Kang
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Yingying Chen
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Hao Wang
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Shaun M Alia
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Bryan S Pivovar
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Guido Bender
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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On the electrodeposition of conically nano-structured nickel layers assisted by a capping agent. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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10
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Flores-Álvarez JM, Cortés-Arriagada D, Gómez-Sandoval Z, Jayaprakash GK, Ceballos-Magaña SG, Muñiz-Valencia R, Rojas-Montes JC, Pineda-Urbina K. Selective detection of Cu 2+ ions using a mercaptobenzothiazole disulphide modified carbon paste electrode and bismuth as adjuvant: a theoretical and electrochemical study. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02156k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bismuth adsorbed on the MBTS-modified surface facilitates the mass and charge transfer necessary for copper's selective sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Flores-Álvarez
- Universidad de Colima, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Carr. Colima-Coquimatlán, km. 9, C. P. 28400 Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico
| | - Diego Cortés-Arriagada
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, San Joaquín, Santiago, Chile
| | - Zeferino Gómez-Sandoval
- Universidad de Colima, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Carr. Colima-Coquimatlán, km. 9, C. P. 28400 Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico
| | - Gururaj Kudur Jayaprakash
- Laboratory of Quantum Electrochemistry, School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Roberto Muñiz-Valencia
- Universidad de Colima, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Carr. Colima-Coquimatlán, km. 9, C. P. 28400 Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Fabrica 1990, Segundo Piso, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Cristobal Rojas-Montes
- Cátedras CONACyT-TecNM/I.T. Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. Col. Nueva Vizcaya, Durango, Dgo, Mexico, C.P. 34080
- Maestría en Sistemas Ambientales, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, TecNM/I.T. Durango, Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote. Col. Nueva Vizcaya, Durango, Dgo, Mexico, C.P. 34080
| | - Kayim Pineda-Urbina
- Universidad de Colima, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Carr. Colima-Coquimatlán, km. 9, C. P. 28400 Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico
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